非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞類知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1. 使役動(dòng)詞或感官動(dòng)詞后的不定式何時(shí)帶to
He had often made his little sister ______, but today he was made ______ by his little sister.
A. cry, to cryB. crying, cryingC. cry, cryD. to cry, cry
此題應(yīng)選 A。一般說(shuō)來(lái), 在“感官動(dòng)詞”(如 see, hear,
watch, feel, notice, look at, listen to等)以及某些“使役
動(dòng)詞”(如make等)之后的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中, 不定式是不能帶to的, 但若是變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài), 則應(yīng)加上這個(gè)to：
1. John was made ____ the truck for a week as a
punishment.
A. to washB. washingC. washD. to be washed
2. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always
works hard.
A. learnB. to learnC. learnedD. learning
3. He not only made the workers _____ long hoursbut he was also seen ____ them.
A. work, beatB. to work, to beat
C. work, to beatD. to work, beat
4. a. He often listened to others ______.
b. He was often listened to _____ in this room.
A. sing, to singB. to sing, sing
C. sing, singD. to sing, to sing
答案：1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A
2. 哪些動(dòng)詞后要接動(dòng)名詞而不接不定式作賓語(yǔ)
I would appreciate ______ back this afternoon.
A. you to callB. you callC. your callingD. you’re calling
此題應(yīng)選 C。因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞appreciate(感激)之后通常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。類似地，以下動(dòng)詞通常也只用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)：
appreciate 感激avoid 避免can’t help 禁不住
consider 考慮dislike 厭惡enjoy 喜愛(ài)
excuse 原諒finish 完成give up 放棄
imagine 想象keep 保持mind 介意
miss 錯(cuò)過(guò)practise 練習(xí)put off 推遲
risk 冒險(xiǎn)stop 停止suggest 建議
forbid 禁止advise 建議allow 允許
permit 允許 等等
I couldn’t help laughing when we heard the news. 聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息我禁不住笑了起來(lái)。
I can’t imagine doing work with them. 我無(wú)法想象與他們一起工作。
He practises playing the piano every day. 他每天練習(xí)彈鋼琴。
Would you mind opening the window? 打開(kāi)窗戶你介意嗎?
The squirrel was lucky that it just missed beingcaught. 這只小松鼠很幸運(yùn), 沒(méi)有被抓住。
He advised selling the old car. 他建議賣掉這部舊汽車。
3. 哪些動(dòng)詞后要接不定式而不接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)
We expected ______ but we didn’t manage ______ the tickets.
A. to go, to getB. going, gettingC. to go, gettingD. going, to get
此題應(yīng)選A, 因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞 expect, manage之后接動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常要用不定式而不用動(dòng)名詞。類似地以下動(dòng)詞通常也只能以不定式作賓語(yǔ)：
agree 同意ask 要求choose 決定
decide 決定expect 期待hope 希望
manage 設(shè)法得以prepare 準(zhǔn)備offer 主動(dòng)提出
pretend 假裝promise 答應(yīng)refuse 拒絕
wish 希望want 想要等等
1. She pretended _____ me when I passed by.
A. not to seeB. not seeing
C. to not seeD. having not seen
2. We agreed _____ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
A. having metB. meeting
C. to meetD. to have met
3. He offered _____ us the money, so we decided_____ a computer.
A. to lend, to buyB. lending, buying
C. to lend, buyingD. lending, to buy
4. He chose _____ at home because he had a cold.
A. stayingB. to stay
C. having stayedD. to having stayed
答案：1. A 2. C 3. A 4. B
4. like, love等動(dòng)詞后接不定式還是動(dòng)名詞
Little Jim should love ______ to the theatre this evening.
A. to be takenB. to takeC. being takenD. taking
此題應(yīng)選 A。因?yàn)閺恼Z(yǔ)法上看should love 之后只能接不定式, 所以答案只能在A, B中選擇；又因?yàn)閺木湟馍峡磻?yīng)該用被動(dòng)式, 所以只能選A。
在英語(yǔ)中, 有些動(dòng)詞其后接動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí), 可用不定式也可用動(dòng)名詞, 且含義大致相同。這類動(dòng)詞主要有：like, love, begin, start, hate, prefer, continue, intend, can’t bear(也有人認(rèn)為用不定式多指特定動(dòng)作, 用動(dòng)名詞多指經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作, 但總的說(shuō)來(lái), 在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中這兩類結(jié)構(gòu)區(qū)別不大)：
He like watching [to watch] TV. 他喜歡看電視。
I prefer living [to live] here. 我喜歡住在這兒。
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