As you've probably noticed, essay writing assignments can pop up in any class.
你可能已經(jīng)注意到，有關(guān)文章寫作的任務(wù)可能出現(xiàn)在任何課堂上。
An essay is a literary composition that expresses a certain idea, claim, or concept and backs it up with supporting statements. It will follow a logical pattern, to include an introductory paragraph (make the claim), a body (support), and a conclusion (summary of statements and support).
文章是表達(dá)某種思想、聲明、概念，并用句子連接起來的文字材料。文章需要遵循一定的邏輯模式，包括引言（起初聲明），正文（文章支撐），和結(jié)論。
Any time you have to write a essay, you should begin with a frame based on the parts below.Luckily, you can learn to craft a great essay if you can follow the standard pattern and write in a clear and organized manner.
當(dāng)你需要寫一篇文章時(shí)，你應(yīng)該以如下所示的文本框架開始寫作。幸運(yùn)的是，如果你可以遵循這種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式并且用一種清晰有組織的方式寫作，你可以學(xué)到如何完成一篇高質(zhì)量的文章。
Introduction引言
The introduction is the first paragraph in your essay, and it should accomplish a few specific goals.
引言是文章的第一段，引言中應(yīng)該完成一些具體的目標(biāo)。
1. Capture the reader's interest.引起讀者的興趣
It's a good idea to start your essay with a really interesting statement, in order to pique the reader's interest.
用一種有趣的敘述來開始你的文章是一個(gè)好想法，這樣可以引起讀者的興趣。
Avoid starting out with a boring line like this:"In this essay I will explain why Rosa Parks was an important figure."Instead, try something with a bit of a surprise factor, like this statement:"A Michigan museum recently paid $492,000 for an old, dilapidated bus from Montgomery, Alabama."The second sentence sounds much more interesting, doesn't it? It would encourage most people to keep on reading.
避免用一些無趣平淡的句子開頭，例如：“這篇文章我將論述為什么羅莎?帕克斯是一位偉大的人物”。取而代之，嘗試一些令人驚訝的方式，比如：“密歇根博物館最近以492000美元的價(jià)格收購了一輛蒙哥馬利,阿拉巴馬州的老舊公共汽車”。第二個(gè)句子聽起來非常有趣，不是嗎？它可以激勵(lì)讀者繼續(xù)閱讀。
2. Introduce the topic.引出話題
The next few sentences should explain your first statement, and prepare the reader for your thesis statement."The old yellow bus was reported to be the very one that sparked the civil rights movement, when a young woman named Rosa Parks..."
接下來的幾個(gè)句子應(yīng)該闡釋你的第一個(gè)論述，為讀者閱讀主題句做鋪墊�！罢沁@輛黃色的公共汽車引發(fā)了全民運(yùn)動(dòng)，當(dāng)時(shí)一名年輕的女性名為羅莎?帕克斯……”
3. Make a claim or express your opinion in a thesis sentence.提出主題或者在主題句中表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)
At the end of your introductory paragraph, you will place a powerful thesis statement. Your thesis sentence should provide your specific assertion and convey a clear point of view.
在引言的結(jié)尾部分，你應(yīng)該提出強(qiáng)有力的主題陳述。主題句應(yīng)該提出具體的推斷和明確的觀點(diǎn)、
"In refusing to surrender her seat to a white man, Rosa Parks inspired a courageous freedom movement that lives on,"
“在拒絕讓出自己的座位給一個(gè)白人時(shí)，羅莎?帕克斯激發(fā)了一場勇敢的自由運(yùn)動(dòng)�！�
Your instructor will be looking for the specific elements above when reviewing your introductory paragraph, so be sure to review your first paragraph to make sure it meets these three goals.
你的指導(dǎo)老師在檢閱你文章的引言內(nèi)容時(shí)，將會(huì)尋找這些具體的元素。因此，回顧一遍第一段的內(nèi)容確保滿足了上述三點(diǎn)條件。
Body正文
The body of the essay will include three paragraphs (if this is a five-paragraph essay), each limited to one main idea that supports your thesis. You should state your idea, then back it up with two or three sentences of evidence or examples.
這文一般包括三個(gè)段落（適用于五段式文章），每一段都具體論述一條觀點(diǎn)用于支撐主題。你應(yīng)該陳述你的觀點(diǎn)，之后用兩三句話或舉例來支撐。
Example of a main idea:
主題句舉例：
"It took incredible courage for an African American woman to make such a bold stance in 1955 Alabama."
“在1955年阿拉巴馬州，對于一個(gè)非裔美國婦女，做出這樣一個(gè)大膽的行為需要很大的勇氣”。
Offer evidence to support this statement:
為主題句提供論據(jù)：
"This act took place in an era when African Americans could be arrested and face severe retribution for committing the most trivial acts of defiance."
“在當(dāng)時(shí)的情況下,非洲裔美國人可能會(huì)因?yàn)樽钗⒉蛔愕赖奶翎呅袨槎淮渡踔量赡苊媾R嚴(yán)重的懲罰”。
Include a few more supporting statements with further evidence, then use transition words to lead to the paragraph that follows. All of your body paragraphs should follow the pattern of statement, supporting ideas, and transition statement.
使用更多論據(jù)作為支撐語句，之后使用過渡詞引出后面的段落。所有你的正文將會(huì)遵循一定的模式：論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和過渡句、
Words to use as you transition from one paragraph to another:
常使用的段落過渡詞：
Moreover 此外
in fact 實(shí)際上
on the whole 整體而言
Furthermore 此外
as a result 作為結(jié)果
simply put 簡而言之
for this reason 由于這種原因
Similarly 相似地
Likewise 同樣的
it follows that 由此斷定
Naturally 自然而然地
by comparison 通過對比
Surely 不置可否地
Yet 然而
Conclusion結(jié)論
The final paragraph will summarize your main points and re-assert your main claim (from your thesis sentence). It should point out your main points, but should not repeat specific examples.
最后一段話將總結(jié)你的主要觀點(diǎn)并且強(qiáng)調(diào)你要求（也來源于你的主題句）。這將指出你的主要論點(diǎn)，但不要重復(fù)寫具體的例子。
Once you complete the first draft of your essay, it's a good idea to re-visit the thesis statement in your first paragraph. Read your essay to see if it flows well.
一旦你完成文章的草稿。再次閱讀文章第一段的的主題句是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇。閱讀你的文章，看一看是否很好地契合主題。
You might find that the supporting paragraphs are strong, but they don't address the exact focus of your thesis. Simply re-write your thesis sentence to fit your body and summary more exactly.
你可能發(fā)現(xiàn)支撐段落內(nèi)容較多，但是它們并沒有很好地契合主題。重寫你的主題句或者修改你的正文和總結(jié)使他們更為精確。
By doing this, you will ensure that every sentence in your essay supports, proves, or reflects your thesis.
這樣做，你可以確保文章的每一句話都支撐，論證或表現(xiàn)出文章主題。
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