動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)概述

1.時(shí)態(tài)是一種語(yǔ)法范疇，是用以表示各種時(shí)間和動(dòng)作方面的動(dòng)詞形式。

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)決定了整句的時(shí)態(tài)。

時(shí)間有四個(gè)主要部分，即現(xiàn)在，過(guò)去，將來(lái)和過(guò)去將來(lái)。動(dòng)作方面也有四種，即一般，完成，進(jìn)行和完成進(jìn)行。將這些時(shí)間與動(dòng)作方面組合在一起，即構(gòu)成16種時(shí)態(tài)。如下：

現(xiàn)在 : 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) I work

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) I have worked

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) I am working

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) I have been working

過(guò)去 : 一般過(guò)去時(shí) I worked

過(guò)去完成時(shí) I had worked

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) I was working

過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) I had been working

將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài): 一般將來(lái) I shall work

將來(lái)完成 I shall have worked

將來(lái)進(jìn)行 I shall be working

將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行 I shall have been working

過(guò)去將來(lái) : 一般過(guò)去將來(lái) I should work

過(guò)去將來(lái)完成 I should have worked

過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行 I should be working

過(guò)去將來(lái)完成 I should have been working

了解常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法：

時(shí)態(tài)名稱 句型結(jié)構(gòu)(以sing為例) 常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 主語(yǔ)+ sing

sings(第三人稱單數(shù))

be= am/is/are In the morning/afternoon/

Evening;

Every day/week/year;

Sometimes, often,

usually, always;等

一般過(guò)去時(shí) 主語(yǔ)+sang (過(guò)去式)

be=was/were Yesterday, last week;

Two years ago; in 1980;等

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 主語(yǔ)+am

is +singing現(xiàn)在分詞

are Now

These days、years等

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 主語(yǔ)+ was +singing

were At 5：00 last Monday;

This time yesterday等

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 主語(yǔ)+have +sung過(guò)去分詞

has Ever; never;already;

Yet; for+一段時(shí)間等

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 主語(yǔ)+have +been singing

has Since last year;for ten month;

All the time等

過(guò)去完成時(shí) 主語(yǔ)+had done 過(guò)去分詞 過(guò)去終止點(diǎn)的時(shí)間常用by，before等介詞或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句;或用as soon as 引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的從句。

一般將來(lái)時(shí) 主語(yǔ)+shall

will

am/is/are +going to sing Tomorrow; the day after tomorrow; in five minutes

In the future等

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) 主語(yǔ)+should

would

was/were going to sing The next year 等(往往用語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句中)

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