英語寫作技能步步高（一）
句子主要成分：主語、謂語、賓語
寫作離不開句子，要寫好英語句子，首先要了解英語的句子由哪些成分構(gòu)成，能充當(dāng)這些成分的各是什么詞？
句子的組成部分分為：主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語，其中主語與謂語是主要成分，一般不可缺少；其他成分可根據(jù)具體的句子加以選擇。本單元主要復(fù)習(xí)句子的主要成分：主語、謂語、賓語。
一、 主語
句子的主體，表示句子所說的是誰或是什么。
練習(xí)：請(qǐng)找出下列句子的主語并指出什么（詞，短語或句子）可以充當(dāng)主語。
1. The boy comes from Amierican.
2. He usually wenti to school alone.
3. Studying English is every important.
4. To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary.
5. That he won the prize excited everyone.
6. It is important for us to have our dreams.
7. It is obvious that he was wrong.
8. It is no use crying over spilt milk.
歸納：主語一般由名詞、_______,或者相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語或從句充當(dāng)（包括_____,______還有_______）。另外，當(dāng)句子的主語為_______,_________或_________時(shí)，主語部分太長(zhǎng)，為使句子平衡，避免頭重腳輕，常用it作形式主語。
二、謂語
說明主語動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)或特征，由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組充當(dāng)。除了倒裝等情況外，謂語總是位于主語的后面。既句子最主要的兩大成分位置是：主語 謂語。
動(dòng)詞分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞單獨(dú)作謂語，連系動(dòng)詞與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成合成謂語，助動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式（如：原形、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞）共同構(gòu)成謂語部分。
注意：謂語與主語在人稱和數(shù)方面要相互照應(yīng)。
練習(xí)：請(qǐng)找出下列句子的謂語并指出謂語的構(gòu)成：是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞+表語、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的原形還是助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式？
1. His parents are teachers.
2. The sun rises in the east.
3. We have finished reading the book.
4. You ought to work harder.
5. I felt cold.
6. He doesn't like music.
三、 賓語
表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，跟主語的性質(zhì)差不多。一般由名詞、賓格代詞（me ，he等）或者相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語或從句充當(dāng)（包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞還有賓語從句）。賓語可分為直接賓語和間接賓語說明動(dòng)作是對(duì)誰或?yàn)檎l而做，直接賓語則是動(dòng)作的承受著或結(jié)果。一般情況下，賓語都是在動(dòng)詞的后面， 它的順序是：主語 謂語 賓語
練習(xí)：請(qǐng)找出下列句子的賓語并指出充當(dāng)賓語的詞（是名詞、賓格代詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞還是賓語從句）？
1. He has never met her in person.
2. She handed him a book.
3. He likes to play basketball.
4. We enjoy listening to the music.
5. She said that she felt sick.
6. They sent the injured to hospital.
7. I find it possible to believe her any longer.
8. We consider it no good getting up late.
9. They believed it strange that he should have done that.
注意：當(dāng)句子的賓語為_________、______、或_______時(shí)，常用形式賓語it，以保持句子的平衡。
答案：一、主語
1. The boy 名詞 2.He 代詞 3. Studying English動(dòng)名詞 4.To teach him a lesson不定式
5．That he won the prize主語從句 6.it 形式主語，to have our dreams 不定式短語作真正主語 7.it 形式主語， that he was wrong 主語從句作真正的主語 8. it 形式主語 crying over spilt milk動(dòng)名詞短語做主語
二、謂語
1. His parents are teachers.系動(dòng)詞+表語
2.The sun rises in the east.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞
3.We have finished reading the book.
4.You ought to work harder.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形
5.I felt cold.系動(dòng)詞+表語
6.He doesn't like music.助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形
三、賓語
1. He has never met her in person.賓格代詞
2.She handed him a book. Him賓格代詞做間接賓語，a book名詞作直接賓語
3．He likes to play basketball.不定式短語
4．We enjoy listening to the music.動(dòng)名詞短語
5．She said that she felt sick.賓語從句
6．They sent the injured to hospital.名詞化的形容詞
7．I find it possible to believe her any longer. It形式賓語 不定式作真正的賓語
8．We consider it no good getting up late. It形式賓語，動(dòng)名詞作真正的賓語
9．They believed it strange that he should have done that. It形式賓語，賓語從句做真正的賓語
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