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心得技巧:結(jié)合真題實例談職稱英語單詞的記憶

編輯: 路逍遙 關(guān)鍵詞: 英語單詞記憶 來源: 逍遙右腦記憶

  詞匯選擇是職稱英語中第一個考試項目, 它考察應(yīng)試者在一定語境下對單詞或短語的理解。從表面上,這是詞匯的考題,實際上這是一種最簡單的閱讀理解題。這里要給大家澄清一個概念,任何一種語言的語義最小單元是句子,而不是詞。但是詞匯或短語的理解對于句子的理解起著重要的作用。
  詞匯不足的人在英文聽、說、讀、寫各方面的能力都會受到嚴(yán)重限制。一般大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為背單詞既吃力,又成效不大。實際上,若能采用適當(dāng)?shù)姆椒,不僅可以縮短擴大詞匯量所需的時間,并且能提高記憶單詞的質(zhì)量。下面在本課的第一部分向大家推薦六種單詞記憶法,僅供參考。
  一、結(jié)合記憶法
  將比較生疏,不常用的單詞放入一定的語言環(huán)境——句子中,結(jié)合句意來記憶單詞。遇到此單詞時,若詞義忘記,則可通過回憶所在句子的意思來記憶單詞。例如:
  slope
  n. ①傾斜;坡度;斜度
  There is always a certain slope in a ship's deck. 船的甲板總有幾分傾斜。
 、谛泵;斜坡
  We climbed the steep slope of the hill. 我們爬了那座陡峭的斜坡。
  vi. 傾斜。
  The railroad slopes up slightly at this point. 鐵路在此處有輕微的傾斜。
  critical
  adj. ①批評(性)的,吹毛求疵的
  I don't like people who are too critical about everything. 我不喜歡對每件事都太吹毛求疵的人。
  ②緊要的,關(guān)鍵的;危急的
  His condition is reported as being very critical. 據(jù)報告他的情況非常危急。
  通過此法來掌握詞匯,既有助于記住單詞本身的拼寫、拼讀,又可同時熟悉詞的詞義、詞性、用法和搭配,比孤立地背記單詞效果要好。
  二、同類記憶法
  將同類詞匯收集在一起,同時背記。注意,同類詞匯與同義詞不同:同義詞是指意思相同,而同類詞是指基本屬性相同、具體意義的層次,級別或范圍不同的一類詞匯。
  如headmaster和principal是同義詞,都表示,“中小學(xué)校長”;president和chancellor是同義詞,都表示大專院校“校長”。這兩組詞是同類詞匯,都表示“校長”,但具體級別不同,所以兩組詞不是同義詞。
  再如bachelor(學(xué)士)、master(碩士),doctor (博士)三個詞都表示學(xué)位授予的情況,但具體級別不同,所以這三個詞也是一組同類詞匯。
  這樣,將同類詞匯放在一起記憶,當(dāng)遇到其中一個詞時,頭腦中出現(xiàn)的就是一組詞,效率大大提高了。
  三、比較記憶法
  把同義詞或形似詞放在一起,加以區(qū)別。記憶的過程是一組組,一對對單詞同時記憶。職稱英語中有很大一部分都是對同義詞或近義詞的考察,需要平時進(jìn)行記憶和積累。
  例題1:The researchers have just completed a study of driving situations.(2004年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級)
  A. started
  B. finished
  C. changed
  D. made
  答案:B
  例題2:Michael is now merely a good friend.(2004年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級)
  A. largely
  B. possibly
  C. just
  D. rarely
  答案:C
  Merely/ only/ just
  四、構(gòu)詞法記憶法
  通過掌握構(gòu)詞法來記憶單詞。英語主要有三種構(gòu)詞法:
  1)轉(zhuǎn)化,即由一個詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一個詞類。例如:
  picture (n)畫-picture (v)描繪
  water (n)水-water (v)澆水
  例題1: He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct. (2003年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級)
  A. behavior
  B. style
  C. mode
  D. attitude
  答案:A
  解釋:
  Conduct (v.)引導(dǎo),管理,為人,傳導(dǎo)
  Conduct (n.)操守,行為
  Conductor (n.)列車員,售票員,指揮者,導(dǎo)體等
  Semi-conductor 半導(dǎo)體
  例題2:The ice is not thick enough to bear the weight of a tank.(2004年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級)
  A. suffer
  B. accept
  C. receive
  D. endure
  答案:D
  解釋:
  bear (n.)熊
  bear (v.)負(fù)擔(dān), 忍受, 帶給, 具有, 擠
  2)派生,即通過加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成另一個詞,例如:
  happy→ unhappy(加前綴) happiness(加后綴)
  例題1: The workers in that factory manufacture furniture. (2003年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級)
  A. promote
  B. paint
  C. polish
  D. produce
  答案:D
  例題2: Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is a still needed. (2003年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級)
  A. mental
  B. physical
  C. natural
  D. hard
  答案:B
  man-, manu- =hand
  manage(管理), manual(體力的,手冊), manuscript(手寫稿), manufacture(生產(chǎn)), manumit(釋放)
  例題3:About one million Americans are diagnosed,annually with skin cancer. (2004年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級)
  A. every year
  B. severely
  C. actively
  D. every month
  答案:A
  Ann= year
  Anniversaire (French)
  Anniversary, annals(編年史), annuity(年金)
  3)合成,即由兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞。例如:
  wood(木)+cut(刻)→ woodcut(木刻)
  pea(豌豆)+nuts(堅果)→ peanut(花生)
  例題1: In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed. (2003年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級)
  A. judgement
  B. result
  C. decision
  D. event
  答案:B  

      五、根義記憶法
  利用根義代替記憶多義,可以解決“沒有生詞”卻老讀不懂的問題。
  比如要問immediate(ly)是否已記住,回答當(dāng)然是肯定的。那么就請看下面三個“沒有生詞”的片段:
  a) The woman walks immediately behind the car.
  b) She is my immediate neighbor.
  c) the immediate cause
  若沒有讀懂,那么就請看immediate(ly)根義
  中間沒有間隔(地)
  1)(時間)立刻;
  2)(空間)緊挨,通接,緊跟,
  3)(關(guān)系)直接
  例題1:He will leave immediately. (2005職稱英語用書)
  A. far away
  B. right away
  C. right here來源:www.examda.com
  D. soon
  答案:Bzcyy8.CoM
  例題2:Can you follow the plot? (2003年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級)
  A. change
  B. investigate
  C. understand
  D. write
  答案:C
  請看下面幾句中的follow 分別都是什么意思?
  She went into the building, followed by a group of students.
  The teacher says that everybody should follow the rule here.
  I'm sorry, but I can't follow you.
  六、幾組對容易混淆詞進(jìn)行特別記憶
  (1)有些字可當(dāng)形容詞又可當(dāng)副詞,例如: early; past; half; long; straight; fast; hard; quick; deep; slow; pretty; awful; wrong; right; high; late; hourly; early; weekly; etc.
  We had an early breakfast. (形容詞)
  We went by a fast train. (形容詞)
  We had breakfast early. (副詞)
  Don't speak so fast.(副詞)
  (2)有些形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~, 可在字尾加ly, 也可以不加, 不過在字義上不同。
  (A) easy “安適地”; easily “容易地”:
  Stand easy!
  He's not easily satisfied.
  (B) clear ( = completely “完全地”; clearly“顯然地”;)
  The bullet went clear through the door.
  The thieves got clearly away.
  (C) high “高”; highly “很;非常”;
  The birds are flying high.
  He was highly praised for his work.
  (D) Slow 和 slowly當(dāng)副詞時同義, 但 slow比 slowly語氣強.
  I told the driver to go slow(er).
  Drive slowly round these bends in the road.
  (E) hard “辛苦地”; hardly “幾乎不”;
  He works hard. (= He is a hard worker.)
  He hardly does anything nowadays. (= He does very little nowadays.)
  (F) just “剛才;僅”; justly “公正地”;
  I've just seen him.
  He was justly punished.
  (G) late “遲”; lately (= recently)“最近地”;
  He went to bed late.
  I haven't seen Mr. Green lately.
  (H) Pretty (= fairly, moderately)“十分,頗”; prettily (= in a pretty way, attractively)“漂亮地”;
  The situation seems pretty hopeless.
  She was prettily dressed.


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