詞匯選擇是職稱英語中第一個考試項目, 它考察應(yīng)試者在一定語境下對單詞或短語的理解。從表面上,這是詞匯的考題,實際上這是一種最簡單的閱讀理解題。這里要給大家澄清一個概念,任何一種語言的語義最小單元是句子,而不是詞。但是詞匯或短語的理解對于句子的理解起著重要的作用。
詞匯不足的人在英文聽、說、讀、寫各方面的能力都會受到嚴(yán)重限制。一般大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為背單詞既吃力,又成效不大。實際上,若能采用適當(dāng)?shù)姆椒,不僅可以縮短擴大詞匯量所需的時間,并且能提高記憶單詞的質(zhì)量。下面在本課的第一部分向大家推薦六種單詞記憶法,僅供參考。
一、結(jié)合記憶法
將比較生疏,不常用的單詞放入一定的語言環(huán)境——句子中,結(jié)合句意來記憶單詞。遇到此單詞時,若詞義忘記,則可通過回憶所在句子的意思來記憶單詞。例如:
slope
n. ①傾斜;坡度;斜度
There is always a certain slope in a ship's deck. 船的甲板總有幾分傾斜。
、谛泵;斜坡
We climbed the steep slope of the hill. 我們爬了那座陡峭的斜坡。
vi. 傾斜。
The railroad slopes up slightly at this point. 鐵路在此處有輕微的傾斜。
critical
adj. ①批評(性)的,吹毛求疵的
I don't like people who are too critical about everything. 我不喜歡對每件事都太吹毛求疵的人。
②緊要的,關(guān)鍵的;危急的
His condition is reported as being very critical. 據(jù)報告他的情況非常危急。
通過此法來掌握詞匯,既有助于記住單詞本身的拼寫、拼讀,又可同時熟悉詞的詞義、詞性、用法和搭配,比孤立地背記單詞效果要好。
二、同類記憶法
將同類詞匯收集在一起,同時背記。注意,同類詞匯與同義詞不同:同義詞是指意思相同,而同類詞是指基本屬性相同、具體意義的層次,級別或范圍不同的一類詞匯。
如headmaster和principal是同義詞,都表示,“中小學(xué)校長”;president和chancellor是同義詞,都表示大專院校“校長”。這兩組詞是同類詞匯,都表示“校長”,但具體級別不同,所以兩組詞不是同義詞。
再如bachelor(學(xué)士)、master(碩士),doctor (博士)三個詞都表示學(xué)位授予的情況,但具體級別不同,所以這三個詞也是一組同類詞匯。
這樣,將同類詞匯放在一起記憶,當(dāng)遇到其中一個詞時,頭腦中出現(xiàn)的就是一組詞,效率大大提高了。
三、比較記憶法
把同義詞或形似詞放在一起,加以區(qū)別。記憶的過程是一組組,一對對單詞同時記憶。職稱英語中有很大一部分都是對同義詞或近義詞的考察,需要平時進(jìn)行記憶和積累。
例題1:The researchers have just completed a study of driving situations.(2004年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級)
A. started
B. finished
C. changed
D. made
答案:B
例題2:Michael is now merely a good friend.(2004年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級)
A. largely
B. possibly
C. just
D. rarely
答案:C
Merely/ only/ just
四、構(gòu)詞法記憶法
通過掌握構(gòu)詞法來記憶單詞。英語主要有三種構(gòu)詞法:
1)轉(zhuǎn)化,即由一個詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一個詞類。例如:
picture (n)畫-picture (v)描繪
water (n)水-water (v)澆水
例題1: He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct. (2003年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級)
A. behavior
B. style
C. mode
D. attitude
答案:A
解釋:
Conduct (v.)引導(dǎo),管理,為人,傳導(dǎo)
Conduct (n.)操守,行為
Conductor (n.)列車員,售票員,指揮者,導(dǎo)體等
Semi-conductor 半導(dǎo)體
例題2:The ice is not thick enough to bear the weight of a tank.(2004年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級)
A. suffer
B. accept
C. receive
D. endure
答案:D
解釋:
bear (n.)熊
bear (v.)負(fù)擔(dān), 忍受, 帶給, 具有, 擠
2)派生,即通過加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成另一個詞,例如:
happy→ unhappy(加前綴) happiness(加后綴)
例題1: The workers in that factory manufacture furniture. (2003年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級)
A. promote
B. paint
C. polish
D. produce
答案:D
例題2: Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is a still needed. (2003年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級)
A. mental
B. physical
C. natural
D. hard
答案:B
man-, manu- =hand
manage(管理), manual(體力的,手冊), manuscript(手寫稿), manufacture(生產(chǎn)), manumit(釋放)
例題3:About one million Americans are diagnosed,annually with skin cancer. (2004年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級)
A. every year
B. severely
C. actively
D. every month
答案:A
Ann= year
Anniversaire (French)
Anniversary, annals(編年史), annuity(年金)
3)合成,即由兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞。例如:
wood(木)+cut(刻)→ woodcut(木刻)
pea(豌豆)+nuts(堅果)→ peanut(花生)
例題1: In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed. (2003年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級)
A. judgement
B. result
C. decision
D. event
答案:B
五、根義記憶法
利用根義代替記憶多義,可以解決“沒有生詞”卻老讀不懂的問題。
比如要問immediate(ly)是否已記住,回答當(dāng)然是肯定的。那么就請看下面三個“沒有生詞”的片段:
a) The woman walks immediately behind the car.
b) She is my immediate neighbor.
c) the immediate cause
若沒有讀懂,那么就請看immediate(ly)根義
中間沒有間隔(地)
1)(時間)立刻;
2)(空間)緊挨,通接,緊跟,
3)(關(guān)系)直接
例題1:He will leave immediately. (2005職稱英語用書)
A. far away
B. right away
C. right here來源:www.examda.com
D. soon
答案:Bzcyy8.CoM
例題2:Can you follow the plot? (2003年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級)
A. change
B. investigate
C. understand
D. write
答案:C
請看下面幾句中的follow 分別都是什么意思?
She went into the building, followed by a group of students.
The teacher says that everybody should follow the rule here.
I'm sorry, but I can't follow you.
六、幾組對容易混淆詞進(jìn)行特別記憶
(1)有些字可當(dāng)形容詞又可當(dāng)副詞,例如: early; past; half; long; straight; fast; hard; quick; deep; slow; pretty; awful; wrong; right; high; late; hourly; early; weekly; etc.
We had an early breakfast. (形容詞)
We went by a fast train. (形容詞)
We had breakfast early. (副詞)
Don't speak so fast.(副詞)
(2)有些形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~, 可在字尾加ly, 也可以不加, 不過在字義上不同。
(A) easy “安適地”; easily “容易地”:
Stand easy!
He's not easily satisfied.
(B) clear ( = completely “完全地”; clearly“顯然地”;)
The bullet went clear through the door.
The thieves got clearly away.
(C) high “高”; highly “很;非常”;
The birds are flying high.
He was highly praised for his work.
(D) Slow 和 slowly當(dāng)副詞時同義, 但 slow比 slowly語氣強.
I told the driver to go slow(er).
Drive slowly round these bends in the road.
(E) hard “辛苦地”; hardly “幾乎不”;
He works hard. (= He is a hard worker.)
He hardly does anything nowadays. (= He does very little nowadays.)
(F) just “剛才;僅”; justly “公正地”;
I've just seen him.
He was justly punished.
(G) late “遲”; lately (= recently)“最近地”;
He went to bed late.
I haven't seen Mr. Green lately.
(H) Pretty (= fairly, moderately)“十分,頗”; prettily (= in a pretty way, attractively)“漂亮地”;
The situation seems pretty hopeless.
She was prettily dressed.
本文來自:逍遙右腦記憶 http://yy-art.cn/waiyu/yingyujiyi/18892.html
相關(guān)閱讀:中國人的英語單詞速記法
一天記憶幾百個單詞的方法
學(xué)生喜歡的單詞另類記憶法
英語單詞常見詞根總結(jié)
記憶英語單詞的科學(xué)方法