比較have to和must
1) 兩詞都是'必須'的意思,have to 表示客觀的需要, must 表示說話人主觀上的看法,既主觀上的必要。
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厲害,我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請(qǐng)來。(客觀上需要做這件事)
He said that they must work hard. 他說他們必須努力工作。(主觀上要做這件事)
2) have to有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化,而must只有一種形式。但must 可用于間接引語中表示過去的必要或義務(wù)。
He had to look after his sister yesterday.
3) 在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中: don't have to 表示"不必"
mustn't 表示"禁止",
You don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告訴他。
You mustn't tell him about it. 你一定不要把這件事告訴他。
must表示推測(cè)
1) must用在肯定句中表示較有把握的推測(cè),意為"一定"。
2) must表對(duì)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)時(shí), must 后面通常接系動(dòng)詞be 的原形或行為動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行式。
You have worked hard all day.You must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天,一定累了。(對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測(cè)判斷)
He must be working in his office. 他一定在辦公室工作呢。
比較:
He must be staying there.
他現(xiàn)在肯定呆在那里。
He must stay there.
他必須呆在那。
3) must 表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)時(shí),must 要接完成式。
I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 我剛才沒有聽到電話,我想必是睡著了。
4) must表示對(duì)過去某時(shí)正發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè),must 后面要接不定式的完成進(jìn)行式。
---Why didn't you answer my phone call?
---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.
5) 否定推測(cè)用 can't。
If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet. 如果湯姆五點(diǎn)才離開這兒,他此時(shí)一定還未到家。
表示推測(cè)的用法
can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推測(cè),其用法如下:
1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形。
表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r的推測(cè),此時(shí)動(dòng)詞通常為系動(dòng)詞。
I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.
2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)碚谶M(jìn)行的情況進(jìn)行推測(cè)。
At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.
這時(shí),我們老師想必在批改試卷。
3)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)。
表示對(duì)過去情況的推測(cè)。
We would have finished this work by the end of next December.
明年十二月底前我們很可能已完成這項(xiàng)工作了。
The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
地是濕的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
表示對(duì)過去正在發(fā)生事情的推測(cè)。
Your mother must have been looking for you.
你媽媽一定一直在找你。
5)推測(cè)的否定形式,疑問形式用can't, couldn't表示。
Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
邁克一定還沒有找回他的車,因?yàn)樵缟纤亲财噥砩习嗟摹?/p>
注意:could, might表示推測(cè)時(shí)不表示時(shí)態(tài),其推測(cè)的程度不如 can, may。
本文來自:逍遙右腦記憶 http://yy-art.cn/waiyu/yingyuxuexi/19952.html
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