一、根據(jù)釋義猜測(cè)詞義
在有些文章中,某些生詞的詞義在下文中可以得到解釋或說(shuō)明。這些解釋有時(shí)以定義、定語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)形式出現(xiàn);有時(shí)用破折號(hào)、括號(hào)、冒號(hào)、引號(hào)等符號(hào)引出;還有時(shí)用that is,or,that is to say,in other words等次引出。例如:
1.Anthropology is the scientific study of man.有定義可知,anthropology就是“研究人類的科學(xué)”,由此可推出anthropology是“人類學(xué)”。
2.He takes a special interest in botany which concerns the study of plants.根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中which concerns the study of plants可知botany是“植物學(xué)”。
3.Capacitance,the ability to store electric charge,is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits.由同位語(yǔ)我們可以很快猜出生詞capacitance的詞義——————電容量。
4.The doctor was on the night-shift—from midnight to 8 o'clock.這里night-shift的意思可以由破折號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容猜出,意思是“夜班”。
5.They are vertebrates,that is,animals that have backbones.這里vertebrates的意思可以由that is后面的內(nèi)容猜出,意思是“脊椎動(dòng)物”。
二、通過(guò)下文所舉的例子猜測(cè)詞義
在有些文章中,下文所舉的例子給讀者提供了猜測(cè)生詞的重要線索。例如:
Generally,we like to read periodicals,such as Time Magazine,Newsweek,Reader’sDigest,etc.根據(jù)后面所舉的例子可以推斷出periodicals的意思是“期刊”。
三、根據(jù)詞語(yǔ)之間的對(duì)等關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義
以The hot tropical weather creafed a feeling of lassitude and encouraged laziness.這個(gè)句子為例,此句中的and連接并列成分created a feeling of lassitude和encouraged laziness。Created與encouraged對(duì)應(yīng),而lassitude與laziness,由此我們可以推斷l(xiāng)assitude的大概意思是“困乏,無(wú)力,無(wú)精打采”。
四、根據(jù)對(duì)比、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義
以If you agree, write “Yes”;if you dissent,write “No”.為例,這里前后對(duì)比分明,前句表示肯定,后句表示否定,我們由此可以推斷出dissent與agree意思相反,意思應(yīng)是“不同意,不贊成‘。
再如:Mr Green always is punctual for everything,but for some reason he was late for an important meeting last week.我們根據(jù)but后面的內(nèi)容he was late,可以知道punctual的意思與其相反,由此推出punctual的意思就是“守時(shí)的,準(zhǔn)時(shí)的“。
因此,同學(xué)們?cè)陂喿x時(shí),要注意常見(jiàn)的表示轉(zhuǎn)折的意義的詞,如:but,however,though,otherwise,on the other hand 等。
五、根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義
Mary didn’t notice me when I came into the classroom,because she was completely engrossed in her reading.句意:當(dāng)我走進(jìn)教室的時(shí)候,瑪麗沒(méi)有注意到我,因?yàn)樗?mdash;—地看書(shū)。據(jù)此,我們可以推斷engross可能就是“使全神貫注,吸引”的意思。
再如:There were so many demonstrators in Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd.此句為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,根據(jù)從句的描述“so many demonstrators”和“crowd”,我們便可推知elbow的詞意為“擠,擠過(guò)”。
常見(jiàn)的表示因果關(guān)系的詞有:because,since,as,so,so---that,such---that等。
六、根據(jù)同義詞的替代關(guān)系猜測(cè)它在句子或段落中的意思,我們也可以利用熟悉的詞語(yǔ),根據(jù)語(yǔ)言環(huán)境推斷生詞詞義。
例如:Although he often had the opportunity,Mr Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer.This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeoperdize his future.作者為避免重復(fù)使用endanger一詞,用其同義詞jeoperdize來(lái)替代,由此可推知其詞義為“使------陷入危險(xiǎn),危及,危害”。
本文來(lái)自:逍遙右腦記憶 http://yy-art.cn/waiyu/yingyuxuexi/20506.html
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