句點(Full Stop / Period,“.”)
問號(Question Mark,“?”)
感嘆號(Exclamation Mark,“!”)
逗點(Comma,“,”)
冒號(Colon,“:”)
分號(Semicolon,“;”)
連字符(Hyphen,“-”)
連接號(En Dash,“–”)
破折號(Em Dash,“—”)
括號(Parentheses,小括號“( )”;中括號“[]”;大括號“{}”)
引號(Quotation Marks,雙引號“"”;單引號“‘”)
縮寫及所有格符號(Apostrophe,“‘”)
一、.句點
1.句點用于當一句話完全結(jié)束時。
2.句點也可以用于英文單詞的縮寫,如 Mrs., Dr., P.S. 等。但要注意的是當縮寫的字母形成了一個單詞的時候就不要使用句點。如 IBM, DNA 等。
二、?問號
問號要用在一個直接的問句,而不是間接的。
如 How will you solve the problem? 是正確的用法,但用在 I wonder how you will solve the problem?就不對了,應該使用句點而不是問號。
另外,在客氣的用語中,也是用句點而不是問號.
如 Will you please give me a call tomorrow.
三、! 感嘆號
感嘆號用于感嘆和驚嘆的陳述中,在商業(yè)寫作中要注意感嘆號的應用,因為不恰當?shù)氖褂脮@得突兀及不穩(wěn)重。
四、;分號
1.與中文一樣,分號用于分隔地位平等的獨立子句。在某些情況下,使用分號比使用句點更顯出子句之間的緊密聯(lián)系,另外分號也經(jīng)常與連接副詞 thus, however, therefore一起使用(放在這些詞語之前)。如 I realize I need exercise; however, I’ll lie down first to think about it.
2.在句子中如果已經(jīng)使用過逗點,為了避免歧義的產(chǎn)生,就用分號來分隔相似的內(nèi)容。如 The employees were Tom Hanks, the manager; Jim White, the engineer; and Dr. Jack Lee.
需要注意的是:一個完整的句子以大寫字母開始,以句點結(jié)束。寫英文時用逗點代替句點、分號、冒號或破折號叫“逗號錯”,這正是中國學生所要避免的。請比較下列例句:
誤:It was raining hard, they could not work in the fields.
(注意:上面句子中劃橫線的部分是兩個不同的主語,而且逗點前后的句子是完整的-----單獨拿出來都能代表一個完整的意思。因此,用逗號違反了英文規(guī)定,即一個句子只能有一套主干。)
正:It was raining hard; they could not work in the fields.
It was raining hard. They could not work in the fields.
It was raining so hard that they could not work in the fields.
They could not work in the fields because it was raining hard.
It was raining hard, so they could not work in the fields.
As it was raining hard, they could not work in the fields.
誤:The essay is poorly organized, there is no central idea.
正:The essay is poorly organized; there is no central idea.
The essay is poorly organized: there is no central idea.
五、:冒號
1.冒號用于對后面內(nèi)容的介紹或解釋,如 This is her plan: go shopping.
本文來自:逍遙右腦記憶 http://yy-art.cn/waiyu/yingyuxuexi/21754.html
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