一、 主語(yǔ)
句子的主體,表示句子所說(shuō)的是誰(shuí)或是什么。
練習(xí):請(qǐng)找出下列句子的主語(yǔ)并指出什么(詞,短語(yǔ)或句子)可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。
1. The boy comes from Amierican.
2. He usually wenti to school alone.
3. Studying English is every important.
4. To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary.
5. That he won the prize excited everyone.
6. It is important for us to have our dreams.
7. It is obvious that he was wrong.
8. It is no use crying over spilt milk.
歸納:主語(yǔ)一般由名詞、_______,或者相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句充當(dāng)(包括_____,______還有_______)。另外,當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)為_(kāi)______,_________或_________時(shí),主語(yǔ)部分太長(zhǎng),為使句子平衡,避免頭重腳輕,常用it作形式主語(yǔ)。
二、謂語(yǔ)
說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)或特征,由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組充當(dāng)。除了倒裝等情況外,謂語(yǔ)總是位于主語(yǔ)的后面。既句子最主要的兩大成分位置是:主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)。
動(dòng)詞分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),連系動(dòng)詞與表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ),情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成合成謂語(yǔ),助動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式(如:原形、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞)共同構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)部分。
注意:謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)方面要相互照應(yīng)。
練習(xí):請(qǐng)找出下列句子的謂語(yǔ)并指出謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成:是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的原形還是助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式?
1. His parents are teachers.
2. The sun rises in the east.
3. We have finished reading the book.
4. You ought to work harder.
5. I felt cold.
6. He doesn't like music.
三、 賓語(yǔ)
表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象,跟主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)差不多。一般由名詞、賓格代詞(me ,he等)或者相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句充當(dāng)(包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞還有賓語(yǔ)從句)。賓語(yǔ)可分為直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作是對(duì)誰(shuí)或?yàn)檎l(shuí)而做,直接賓語(yǔ)則是動(dòng)作的承受著或結(jié)果。一般情況下,賓語(yǔ)都是在動(dòng)詞的后面, 它的順序是:主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)
練習(xí):請(qǐng)找出下列句子的賓語(yǔ)并指出充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的詞(是名詞、賓格代詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞還是賓語(yǔ)從句)?
1. He has never met her in person.
2. She handed him a book.
3. He likes to play basketball.
4. We enjoy listening to the music.
5. She said that she felt sick.
6. They sent the injured to hospital.
7. I find it possible to believe her any longer.
8. We consider it no good getting up late.
9. They believed it strange that he should have done that.
注意:當(dāng)句子的賓語(yǔ)為_(kāi)________、______、或_______時(shí),常用形式賓語(yǔ)it,以保持句子的平衡。
本文來(lái)自:逍遙右腦記憶 http://yy-art.cn/waiyu/yingyuxuexi/5817.html
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