語法復(fù)習一:句子成分;簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句
二、簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句
(一)句子種類兩種分類法
1、按句子的用途可分四種:
1)陳述句(肯定、否定):He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.
特點: 用句號結(jié)束一個句子
2)疑問句(一般、特殊、選擇、反意):Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she?
疑問句就是問句
3)祈使句:Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class
祈使句: 表示命令或者請求. 和有沒有主語沒有關(guān)系
4)感嘆句:How clever the boy is!
還有一個結(jié)構(gòu)是用 what. how 后面加上的是形容詞副詞.what后面加上的是名詞.
2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種:
1)簡單句:只有一個主語(或并列主語)和一個謂語(或并列謂語)。
e.g. He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
2) 并列句:由并列連詞(and, but, or等)或分號(;)把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起構(gòu)成。
要注意喲,逗號是不可以連接句子的,這一點和漢語不同.
e.g. You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。
3)復(fù)合句:含有一個或一個以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含:名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句)、定語從句和狀語從句等。
有主句和從句構(gòu)成,在一個句子前面加上連詞(當然不是and,but,or了),這個句子就是從句了.
e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.
(二)簡單句的五種基本句型
1、主語+系動詞+表語:e.g. He is a student.
2、主語+不及物動詞:e.g. We work.
3、主語+及物動詞+賓語:e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.
4、主語+及物動詞+雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語):
e.g. My father bought me a car.
5、主語+及物動詞+復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補):e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.
注:其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。
這是非常重要的,不需要理解,背下來吧
(三)并列句的分類
1、表示連接兩個同等概念,常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等連接。e.g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.
2、表示選擇,常用的連詞有or, either…or…, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折,常用的連詞有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
4、表示因果關(guān)系,常用的連詞有so, for, therefore等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.
這里大家記住這些連詞就夠用了.如果一下子記不住這么多,就記一個兩個,記住有的時候不要和自己較勁
(四)高考考點探討
1、簡單句的五大句型是最基本的句型。雖然近幾年單純考查這種基礎(chǔ)句型的題不多,但是在閱讀中有時需借助于劃分句子成分去理解,在書面表達中,沒有最基本的遣詞造句的能力是不可能用地道的英語句子來表達清楚的。
2、祈使句、反意疑問句和感嘆句是高考命題的熱點之一。有時把祈使句與反意疑問句結(jié)合于一體來考查。一個題目,幾個考點,是近幾年命題的發(fā)展趨勢。
3、高考對簡單句、并列句和各種復(fù)合句的考查常表現(xiàn)在對連詞的選擇和使用上。如:and, but, or, while,以及其它連接名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句的連接詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞。
4、各種主從復(fù)合句的考查常常與動詞的時態(tài)聯(lián)系在一起,以賓語從句與狀語從句最為明顯,時間從句與條件從句中,如果主句是將來時,從句則用一般式表將來,這一點在高考中經(jīng)常考查。
如:We will go outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow。
練習二、簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句
一、判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句:
1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.
2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.
3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?
4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.
5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.
6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.
7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.
8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it?
9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.
10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
本文來自:逍遙右腦記憶 http://yy-art.cn/waiyu/yingyuxuexi/6161.html
相關(guān)閱讀:實用英語寫作技巧6 如何寫好段落(Ⅰ)
英語聽力訓練要講究策略
“談情說愛”英語篇
高中英語不定式和分詞表原因的區(qū)別
句子比單詞重要