高中英語不定式和分詞表原因的區(qū)別

分詞短語常放在句首，也可放在句未，多用逗號隔開；不定式短語卻只能放在句末，但不用逗號，且多用于表示情緒或情感反應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞、形容詞(如happy, glad, sorry, sad, surprised, frightened, delighted, disappointed)之后。如：

1. I’m surprised to see you here. 在這時(shí)遇到你真讓我感到意外。

2. ________ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to stay another two days off the farm. (遼寧卷)

A. Attracting B. Attracted

C. To be attracted　 D. Having attracted

【分析】答案選B。在句首表示原因不能用不定式，排除C；句子主語the girl與attract是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去分詞短語作原因狀語。

3. ________ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (全國卷)

A. Losing B. Having lost

C. Lost D. To lost

【分析】答案選C。表示原因不能用不定式，排除D；句子主語he與lose是邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去分詞: Lost in thought…=As he was lost in thought… 此處的過去分詞實(shí)際上是表示狀態(tài)的形容詞，用漢語思維難于理解，除be lost in thought(沉思)外，這類慣用結(jié)構(gòu)還有be caught in the rain(遇到雨), be dressed in red(穿著紅衣), be seated in a chair(坐在椅子上)等，并注意這類結(jié)構(gòu)作補(bǔ)語或后置定語時(shí)也要用過去分詞。

4. ________ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill. (上海卷)

A. Not knowing B. Knowing not

C. Not having known D. Having not known

【分析】答案選A�，F(xiàn)在分詞的否定式在前面加not，“不知道電話號碼”與“難與Bill聯(lián)系”同時(shí)發(fā)生的不用完成式。Not knowing…=As she didn’t know…
 

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