詞匯導練
1．Don’t____________(傷害)yourself with that tool.
2．Now that you are a college student，you should learn to be____________(獨立的)of your parents’ help.
3．He gets money from government because of his____________(殘疾)．
4．He____________(高興)up at the thought of seeing her again.
5．The purpose of ____________(交際)is to get your message across to others clearly.
6．I have great admiration for his c____________.
7．U____________，the patient didn’t recover completely in spite of the doctors’ efforts.
8．We should have an o____________ attitude to our lives.
9．If you are c____________ about anything，phone my office.
10．His speech is not exactly____________(inspire)．
1．injure　2.independent　3.disability　4.cheered
5．communication　6.courage　7.Unfortunately　8.optimistic　9.confused　10.inspiring
短語匯集
1．________________　　　遠離
2．________________ 投身于
3．________________ (使)高興起來
4．________________ 適應
5．________________ 在……指導下
6．________________ 與……交流
7．________________ 使……失望的是
8．________________ 集中
9．________________ 信任；信仰，信奉
10．________________ 對……感到厭倦
11．________________ 在……的前面
12．________________ 匆忙地
1.apart from　2.devote oneself to　3.cheer up　4.adapt to　5.under the guidance of　6.communicate with　7.to one’s disappointment　8.focus on　9.believe in　10.be tired of　11.ahead of　12.in a rush
語句試譯
1．(回歸課本P18)In 1998，a small accident during one of her practice vaults at the Goodwill Games________her future happiness.
在1998年的友好運動會上，她在練習跳馬時發(fā)生的一個小事故本可能使她失去未來的幸福。
2．(回歸課本P18)Well，________ ________some of our viewers don’t know her story，can you tell us a little bit about Sang Lan and who she is?
以防有些人不知道她的故事，你能告訴我們誰是桑蘭和有關她的一些事嗎？
3．(回歸課本P18)________ ________ ________she competed in the gymnastics tournament at the New York Goodwill Games，she________ ________a dedicated junior gymnast for eleven years.
到她參加完紐約友好運動會體操錦標賽時，她已是一名有11年資歷的、專業(yè)的年輕體操運動員了。
4．(回歸課本P26)________ ________I look at it，I’ll never be really good at anything unless I quit doing everything else.
不管我以什么方式看待這件事，除非我放棄做別的一切事，要不然我真的什么也做不好。
1.could have cost　2.in case　3.By the time；had been　4.Whichever way
核心知識
1.injure　vt.　傷害；損害
(回歸課本P18)To those who have been injured or struggle with a physical disability，happiness can simply mean a day without pain or just being alive.
對于那些受傷或因身體殘疾而痛苦掙扎的人來說，幸福就是意味著無痛苦的一天或者只是可以活著。
例句探源
①(牛津P1050)Carter is playing in place of the injured O’Reilly.卡特替代受傷的奧賴利上場比賽。
②(朗文P1065)Eight of the injured are still in serious condition.有8位受傷者情況仍很嚴重。
③She injured her arm in the accident.她在車禍中傷了胳膊。
④This attack was a severe injury to his reputation.
這次攻擊對他的名譽造成了嚴重的傷害。
易混辨析
injure，hurt，harm，wound
都有“傷”的意思，但各自的含義和用法不同。
(1)injure一般表示在事故中所受的大、小創(chuàng)傷，也可用于抽象意義。
(2)wound一般指在戰(zhàn)場上所受的刀傷或槍傷。
(3)harm指使有生命或無生命的東西不再完美、美麗或者失去原來的價值。
(4)hurt指精神上的傷害或肉體上的傷痛。
①She felt hurt at your words.
②Don’t harm your eyes by reading in dim light.
③The bullet wounded him in the shoulder.
④He was badly/seriously injured in the accident，and his hair was burnt off.
1．In the ________ house the firefighters saved a lot of ________ people，but they couldn’t be sent to hospital because of the ________ road.
A．damaged；blocked；injured
B．destroyed；damaged；blocking
C．damaged；injured；blocked
D．blocked；wounded；injured
解析：選C。句意：在破損的房子里，消防隊員們救出了很多受傷的人，但因道路阻塞，無法把傷員送到醫(yī)院。destroy強調(diào)以具有摧毀或殺傷性的力量把某物徹底毀掉；damage破壞，常常指局部的或可以修好的。根據(jù)句意第一空應該用damage。injure指意外事故造成對身體機能的傷害，有時也可指情感傷害，故第二個空應用injure。the blocked road指受阻的道路。blocked是過去分詞作定語，表示被動。
2.We had no rain for four months，and the harvest was
________.
A．damaging　　　　　　 B．damaged
C．ruining D．ruined
解析：選D。damage常指人的威信、名譽或物品的外觀、價值、用途等受到破壞，失去或降低其使用價值；而ruin則強調(diào)毀滅的徹底性，是一次性的行為，即人、物毀壞到不復存在或面目全非的地步；the harvest與ruin之間為動賓關系，故選D。
2.devote　vt.　奉獻；貢獻，投入，獻身
(回歸課本P18)Even though her training meant that she had to live apart from her parents，she was happy to devote herself to gymnastics.
即使參加訓練就意味著她得離開父母生活，她仍快樂地投身于體操事業(yè)。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①(朗文P554)Roper retired and devoted himself to charity work.
羅伯退休后全身心地投入了慈善事業(yè)當中。
②She devoted her life to helping the poor.
她全力以赴幫助窮人。
③The fans are devoted to their stars.
歌迷們對他們的偶像十分忠誠。
④(牛津P548)His devotion to his wife and family is touching.
他對妻子和家人的關愛感人至深。
3．________the secret of nature，the young scientist has little time for entertainment.
A．Devoted to bring out
B．Devoted himself to bringing out
C．Devoted to bringing out
D．Devoting to bring out
解析：選C。句意：“致力于要揭開大自然的秘密，這位年輕的科學家?guī)缀鯖]有時間娛樂�！眃evoted to bringing out是形容詞短語作原因狀語，說明主語the young scientist所處的狀態(tài)，to是介詞。
4. (2011年長沙雅禮中學模擬) To be able to go abroad，she devoted as much time as she could________her spoken English.
A．practise　　　　　　　　B．to practise
C．to practising D．practising
解析：選C。句中she could承接as much...as一起來修飾time，實際上是devote much time to (doing)sth.結構，故應選C。
5.The time and effort he has devoted during the past few years ________ trees in that remote area is now considered to be of great value.
A．to planting B．to plant
C．plant D．planting
解析：選A。句意：人們認為他在過去的幾年里在偏遠地區(qū)植樹所花的時間和付出的努力是非常有價值的。本題題干中he has devoted during the past few years為定語從句，先行詞是The time and effort，將先行詞代入定語從句后為：he has devoted the time and effort to planting trees during the past few years.由此可知答案為A項。
3.cheer　vt.& vi.　歡呼，喝彩；(使)高興，使振奮；
n．[C] 歡呼，喝彩
(回歸課本P19)Everyone who saw her，from nurses to famous visitors like Leonardo DiCaprio from the film Titanic，who went to see her in the hospital to cheer her up，all said she was in good spirits.
凡見過她的每個人，從護士到專門來醫(yī)院探訪、鼓勵她的著名人士，包括主演電影《泰坦尼克》的萊昂納多?迪卡普里奧，都說她情緒很好。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①(牛津P327)Three cheers for the winners!
為優(yōu)勝者歡呼三次吧。
②(朗文P326)Cheer up, it’s not that bad.
振作些，事情沒那么糟糕。
③They do this in order to encourage crowds to cheer their sports teams.
她們這樣做是為了鼓勵人們?yōu)樗齻兊那蜿牸佑汀?br />④All of my friends were here to cheer me on.
我所有的朋友都在這里為我加油。
6.(2009年高考山東卷)?John and I will celebrate our fortieth wedding anniversary next month.
?Oh，________！
A．cheer up　　　　　B．well done
C．go ahead D．congratulations
解析：選D。句意：??我和約翰下個月慶祝我們結婚40周年。??哦，祝賀你們！cheer up，“(使)高興起來，(使)振作起來”；well done，“做得好”；go ahead，“干吧，用吧”；congratulation，“祝賀你們”。
7．?I’m thinking of the test tomorrow.I’m afraid I can’t pass this time.
?________I’m sure you will make it.
A．Go ahead! B．Good luck!
C．No problem! D．Cheer up!
解析：選D。句意：??我正想著明天的考試呢，恐怕我這次考不及格了。??振作起來！我確信你會及格的。A.“干吧，用吧”；B.“祝你好運”；C.“沒問題”；D.“振作起來”。
4.adapt　vt.& vi.　(使)適應；改編，改造；改裝
(回歸課本P19)And how has Sang Lan adapted to her new life?
那么桑蘭是怎樣適應新生活的呢？
歸納拓展
adapt(oneself)to使自己適應……
adapt sth.to使某事物適應
adapt for為……改寫
adapt from根據(jù)……改編
adapt...as把……改寫為……
be adapted to...適應……
例句探源
①(2009年高考浙江卷)The good thing about children is that they adapt very easily to new environments.
孩子們的優(yōu)勢是他們很容易適應新環(huán)境。
②(朗文P22)Several plants have adapted themselves to desert conditions.有幾種植物已經(jīng)適應了沙漠環(huán)境。
③(牛津P22)Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people.
這些工具多數(shù)已經(jīng)過特別改裝，供殘疾人使用。
易混辨析
adapt，adjust，adopt
(1)adapt指通過修改或改變，使某物或某人適應新條件。
(2)adjust指借正當?shù)呐袛嗷蚴炀毜募记伞罢{(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)”以使兩者互相適應。
(3)adopt收養(yǎng)；采��；采納
①I have learned to adapt/adjust to my new life.
②You can’t see through the telescope until it is adjusted to your eyes.
③These styles can be adapted_to suit individual tastes.
8．完成句子
(1)孩子們發(fā)覺很難適應新學校。
The children are finding it hard to________ ________their new school.
答案：adapt to
(2)你能適應新的工作嗎？
Can you________ ________the new job?
答案：adapt to
(3)這些材料改一下可以給大一點的孩子用。
The materials can________ ________ ________use with older children.
答案：be adapted for
(4)這個劇本是由小說改編的。
The play was________ ________a novel.
答案：adapted from
5.arrange　vt.& vi.　安排
(回歸課本P26)He thinks that I need to arrange to spend even more time working on my basketball skills.
他認為我在籃球技能方面應該安排更多的時間。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①(牛津P92)Have you arranged to meet him?
你安排好去見他了嗎？
②(朗文P93)Peter arranged for a friend to drive him there.
彼得安排朋友開車送他去那兒。
③I arranged for a private meeting between Donovan and the president.
我安排了一次多諾萬與總統(tǒng)的私人會面。
④The travel company made arrangements for our hotels and flights.
旅游公司為我們安排了賓館和航班。
9．完成句子
(1)我們必須安排一個合適的時間和地點開會。
We must________a convenient time and place________the meeting.
答案：arrange；for
(2)我已安排好讓史密斯太太來照顧你幾天。
I’ve________ ________Mrs.Smith to look after you for a few days.
答案：arranged for
(3)他把書架上的書整理了一下。
He________the books on the shelf.
答案：arranged
(4)詞典里的詞是按字母順序編排的。
In a dictionary the words are________ ________alphabetical order.
答案：arranged in
(5)她將為晚會做好安排。
She will________ ________ ________ ________the party.
答案：make an arrangement for
6.rush　vi.　沖，迅速移動
vt.　緊急送往；使沖向；倉促行事
n．　匆忙
(回歸課本P30)I remember sometimes feeling in a rush to grow up and be independent，but I was still very happy.
我記得有時感覺一下子長大獨立了，但我仍舊很開心。
歸納拓展
rush sb.off one’s feet＝be rushed off one’s feet
忙得不可開交
rush sb.to sp.緊急送某人到某地
rush sb.into doing sth.催促某人做某事
in a rush急忙，匆忙
rush hour(上下班的)交通高峰期
例句探源
①I rushed out and for a long time I walked up and down my bedroom.
我沖了出去，接下來的很長時間就在自己的臥室來回踱步。
②(牛津P1754)Ambulances rushed the injured to the hospital.
救護車迅速將傷員送往醫(yī)院。
③(朗文P1794)Don’t let them rush you into signing the contract.
別讓他們催著你倉促簽下合同。
④If you are in a rush and can’t stop to eat，grab a carton of yogurt or some fruit.
要是你很著急不能停下來吃東西，就趕緊喝一些酸奶或吃一些水果。
10．完成句子
(1)別著急，慢慢來。
________ ________，take your time.
答案：Don’t rush
(2)孩子們沖出學校。
The children________ ________ ________the school.
答案：rushed out of
(3)人們搶著買股份。
People________ ________buy the shares.
答案：rushed to
(4)圣誕節(jié)期間，他們忙得不可開交。
On Christmas，they________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：were rushed off their feet
11.(2010年徐州調(diào)研)We were in________when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.
A．a(chǎn) rush so anxious　 B．a(chǎn) such anxious rush
C．so an anxious rush D．such an anxious rush
解析：選D。句意：我們走得如此匆忙以至于連機票都沒拿。in a rush“匆忙，倉促”，rush單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，故用such a/an...that結構。
7.guarantee　vt.　擔保，保證；
n．　擔保物，抵押物；保證書
(回歸課本P31)Technology will guarantee good health and happiness for all!
科技為所有人的健康和快樂帶來了保障！
歸納拓展
例句探源
①(牛津P906)The ticket will guarantee you free entry.
這張票可保證你免費入場。
②We guarantee to be here tomorrow.
我們保證明天到。
③She guarantees that she will be there on time.
她保證她會準時到那兒。
④Can you give me a guarantee that the work will be finished on time？你能向我保證工作會按時完成嗎？
12．完成句子
(1)即使你完成了培訓，我也無法保證你能有工作。
Even if you complete your training I can’t________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：guarantee you a job
(2)校長保證滿足你的所有要求。
The headmaster________ ________ ________meet all your requirements.
答案：will guarantee to
(3)抓住這次機會，我保證你不會后悔的。
Take this opportunity，and________ ________you won’t regret it.
答案：I guarantee
13.The TV set is only one year old and still________guarantee.
A．in　　　　　　　　　B．on
C．under D．a(chǎn)t
解析：選C。句意：這臺電視機才買了一年，還在保修期內(nèi)。under guarantee固定搭配“在保修期內(nèi)”。
8.in hospital　住院
(回歸課本P18)While she was injured and in hospital，the world was amazed by the way she remained cheerful.
在她受傷住院期間，世人為她仍能保持樂觀而感到驚奇。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①(牛津P990)She spent two weeks in hospital.
她住院兩周。
②(朗文P1822)Both their kids are away at school now.
他們的兩個孩子目前都離家在上學。
③The kids are sitting at table.
孩子們在進餐。
④The teacher sat in the front of the classroom.
老師坐在教室的前面。
⑤A new car is out of the question?we can’t afford it.
買新車是不可能的??我們買不起。
⑥It is out of question to arrive there on time.
準時到達那里沒問題。
14.(2010年高考山東卷)If we sit near________front of the bus，we’ll have________better view.
A．/；the　　　　　　　B．/；a
C．the；a D．the；the
解析：選C�？疾楣谠~的用法。當front表示某一內(nèi)部空間的“前面”時，是特指，因此需加定冠詞the；第二個空格處的view表示“風景，景色”，是可數(shù)名詞，此處用不定冠詞a表泛指。
15.George couldn’t remember when he first met Mr.Anderson，but he was sure it was________Sunday because everybody was at________church.
A．/；the B．the；/
C．a(chǎn)；/ D．/；a
解析：選C。句意：喬治想不起什么時候第一次見到安德遜先生，但他確信是一個星期天，因為大家都在做禮拜。at church，“在做禮拜”；at the church，“在教堂”。因為是在星期天，所以大家都在做禮拜，因此排除A、D兩項。此處a Sunday表示“某個星期天”。
16．I’m going to________hospital to see my brother who has been ill in________hospital for two months.
A．/；a B．a(chǎn)；the
C．the；/ D．the；the
解析：選C。句意：我要去醫(yī)院看我弟弟，他生病住院兩個月了，go to the hospital去醫(yī)院，in hospital(生病)住院。
9.apart from　遠離；和……不在一起；除了，除……之外(還有)
(回歸課本P18)Even though her training meant that she had to live apart from her parents，she was happy to devote herself to gymnastics.
即使她參加訓練就意味著離開父母生活，她還是快樂地投身于體操事業(yè)。
歸納拓展
(1)apart from除了……之外，表示排除意義，還表示包含意義，相當于besides或in addition to；又可相當于except for。
(2)與apart相關的短語：
take sth.apart 將……拆卸開
fall apart 破裂，斷裂，散開
tell...apart 把……區(qū)別/分辨開
例句探源
①(牛津P77)I’ve finished apart from the last question.
除了最后一道題，我全做完了。
②(朗文P77)Apart from a couple of spelling mistakes，this looks fine.除了幾處拼寫錯誤，這篇文章看起來很好。
③Apart from being used as a school，the building is used for weddings，parties，and meetings.
這座建筑物除了作為學校外，還可用于舉辦婚禮、聚會和開會。
④The house stands apart from the village.
那棟房子在村外。
⑤John enjoys taking old clocks apart.
約翰喜歡拆卸舊鐘。
⑥I can’t tell Lucy and Lily apart.
我分不清露西和莉莉。
17．完成句子
(1)我分不出這對雙胞胎誰是誰。
I can’t ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：tell the twins apart
(2)她與其他人保持距離。
She keeps herself ________ ________other people.
答案：apart from
(3)我們不得不卸下引擎。
We had to________the engine________.
答案：take；apart
18.?________ busy schoolwork，the children also have to take arts，music and sports classes in their free time.
?I wonder what they will become.
A．Rather than　　　　　　B．Owing to
C．Except for D．Apart from
解析：選D。句意：??除了繁忙的功課，孩子們還要在業(yè)余時間參加藝術、音樂和體育課程。rather than勝過，而不是；owing to由于；except for除……之外其他都；apart from除……外還有。根據(jù)句意可知應選D。
19. (2011年江蘇啟東中學模擬) I admired my classmate Lisa very much.________ her prettiness，she was smart and helpful.
A．Except for B．But for
C．Apart from D．In spite of
解析：選C。該題中的her prettiness屬于Lisa的優(yōu)點之一，故用Apart from。
10.believe in　信任，信賴(人的能力、品質(zhì)或某種理論的信仰)
(回歸課本P26)I feel guilty when I don’t practise harder because he has spent a lot of time coaching me，and he really believes in me.
當我訓練不刻苦時我感到愧疚，因為他花了大量時間指導我，并且他非常信任我。
歸納拓展
believe in信任，信賴；相信……的存在；認為某事有益
believe sb.相信某人的話
believe sb.to be相信某人是……
I believe so.我相信是這樣的。
I don’t believe so./I believe not.我不相信是這樣的。
I believe that...我相信……
believe it or not信不信由你
belief n.信仰
例句探源
①(牛津P167)Do you believe in God?
你相信有上帝嗎？
②(朗文P160)Many Americans no longer believe in their government.
許多美國人不再信賴他們的政府。
③I don’t believe in hitting children.
我不贊成打孩子。
易混辨析
believe in，believe
believe in側(cè)重“對一個人的信任”，信賴其人格，還表示信仰(宗教、神等)；believe相信某人(所說的話)。
I believe him but don’t believe in him.
20．As is known to all，he is honest.That’s why I ________ him all the time.But I don’t ________ what he told me this time.
A．believe；believe　　　 B．believe in；believe
C．believe in；believe in D．believe；believe in
解析：選B。由前句中的“他很誠實”可知，“我”很信任他，表信任用believe in；第二空為believe，意為“這次我不相信他說的話”。
21.My father has much ________ in doctors of traditional Chinese medicine.
A．relief B．belief
C．kerchief D．chief
解析：選B。考查名詞辨析。句意：我父親十分相信中醫(yī)。relief減輕，寬慰；belief相信，信仰；kerchief方頭巾；chief首領；have much belief in sb./sth.十分相信某人/某物。
11.be tired of　對……厭煩，厭倦
(回歸課本P26)I’m really tired of feeling worried about this and being unhappy.
我很厭倦這種焦慮和不快樂的感覺。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①(朗文P2168)I’m tired of hearing about her new car.
我聽她談論她那輛新車都聽煩了。
②(牛津P2123)They were cold，hungry and tired out.
他們又冷又餓，疲憊不堪。
③We were tired with/from the long walk in the countryside.
在鄉(xiāng)間走了那么遠的路我們感到累極了。
22．________ studying，the students disappeared after ________ by their parents.
A．Tired of；scolding　　　
B．Tired of；being scolded
C．Tired out；scolding
D．Tired out；being scolded
解析：選B。句意：那些學生已經(jīng)厭學了，在受到父母的斥責之后，他們失蹤了。be tired of對……感到厭倦；be tired out疲憊不堪，不能接賓語；after為介詞，后接動詞時用v.ing形式，又因scold與the students之間是被動關系，故用v.ing的被動形式。
23.Mr.Smith，________ of the ________ speech，started to read a novel.
A．tired；boring B．tiring；bored
C．tired；bored D．tiring；boring
解析：選A。句意：由于對這無聊的演講感到厭倦，史密斯先生開始讀小說了。句中tired of 為形容詞短語作原因狀語；第二個空應用v.ing形式，表示“令人……的”。
句型解析
1【教材原句】　Well in case some of our viewers don’t know her story，can you tell us a little bit about Sang Lan and who she is？(P18)
以防我們的一些觀眾不知道她的故事，你能告訴我關于桑蘭的一些事情以及桑蘭是誰嗎？
【句法分析】　本句為主從復合句。in case“萬一，以防，假如”，引導條件狀語從句。
①In case anything important happens，please call me up.
萬一發(fā)生什么重要事情，請打電話給我。
②In case I forget，please remind me.
萬一我忘了，請?zhí)嵝盐摇?br />③In case of fire，open this safety door.
如果發(fā)生火災，就打開這扇安全門。
歸納拓展
in case是連詞，引導狀語從句，意為“萬一；以防”。而in case of是介詞短語，后接名詞或代詞，意為“萬一；以防；假使”，它引導的短語置于句末時�？醋髂康臓钫Z，作“以免，以防”解；置于句首時常視為條件狀語，作“如果，萬一”解。
①The wall is built along the river in case there are floods.
沿河筑起防護墻，以防洪水。
②In case of difficulty，you can reach me at this number.
如果有困難，你可以撥這個電話號碼找我。
24．(2010年高考浙江卷)I guess we’ve already talked about this before but I’ll ask you again just________.
A．by nature　　　　　　 B．in return
C．in case D．by chance
解析：選C。句意：我猜我們以前早就談論過這件事了，以防萬一我還要再問問你。by nature，“天生地”；in return，“作為回報”；in case，“以防萬一”；by chance，“偶然的”。
25．________fire，all exits must be kept clear.
A．In place of B．Instead of
C．In case of D．In spite of
解析：選C。句意：為防火災，所有疏散通道務必暢通。in place of，“代替”；instead of，“代替，相反”；in case of，“萬一，以防”；in spite of，“盡管”。根據(jù)句意，C項正確。
26.The openair celebration has been put off________the bad weather.
A．in case of B．in spite of
C．instead of D．because of
解析：選D。句意：戶外慶典由于惡劣天氣被推遲了。in case of“萬一”；in spite of“盡管”；instead of“代替”；because of“因為”。
27. (2011年江蘇南京高考復習質(zhì)量檢測) Leave your key with a neighbor________you lock yourself out one day.
A．ever since B．even if
C．soon after D．in case
解析：選D。句意：留一把鑰匙給鄰居，以防有一天你把自己鎖在門外。since“自從……以來”；even if“即使”；soon after“不久之后”in case“以防，以免”。根據(jù)句意D項正確。
28.(2009年高考北京卷)You may use the room as you like________you clean it up afterwards.
A．so far as B．so long as
C．in case D．even if
解析：選B。句意：你可以任意使用這個房間，只要你過后打掃干凈即可。so far as“就……而言”；so long as(＝as long as)表示唯一條件“只要”；in case“以防，萬一”；even if“即使，盡管”。
2【教材原句】　By the time she competed in the gymnastics tournament at the New York Goodwill Games，she had been a dedicated junior gymnast for eleven years.(P18)
到她參加在紐約舉行的友好運動會的體操錦標賽時，她已是一名有十一年資歷的優(yōu)秀的青年體操運動員了。
【句法分析】　當by the time引導的從句使用過去時時，主句通常用過去完成時。這時by the time表示“在……之前；到……的時候”，主句則表示在此時間之前某個事件已經(jīng)完成。
但是，當by the time引導的從句用過去時時，主句有時也用一般過去時，這時by the time常表示“在……時候，到……時候”。
①By the time we walked five miles，he was exhausted already.當我們走了五英里時，他就已精疲力竭了。
by the year/by the time/by the end of后跟的時間(或從句)如果是將來時間，主句中常用將來完成時，即will/shall have done。
②Life will certainly have become far more mechanized by the year 2100.
到2100年，生活必將變得更加機械化。
29．By the time he realizes he________into a trap，it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it.
A．walks　　　　　　　　 B．walked
C．has walked D．had walked
解析：選C。句意：當他意識到已經(jīng)中計的時候，再做任何事情也無濟于事了。根據(jù)句中realizes及it’ll可知本句講的是現(xiàn)在的事情，故用現(xiàn)在時，排除B、D兩項；本句強調(diào)“已經(jīng)中計”，用完成時，故答案為C。
30.(2009年高考北京卷)When I talked with my grandma on the phone，she sounded weak，but by the time we________up，her voice had been full of life.
A．were hanging B．had hung
C．hung D．would hang
解析：選C。考查時態(tài)。此處強調(diào)的是在雙方掛掉電話的那個時刻，因此用一般過去時。
3【教材原句】　Whichever way I look at it，I’ll never be really good at anything unless I quit doing everything else.(P26)
不管我以什么方式看待這件事，除非我放棄做別的一切事，要不然我真的什么也做不好。
【句法分析】　本句中whichever引導的是一個讓步狀語從句。
歸納拓展
(1)二者意義相同，意為“無論哪一個，無論哪些”，既可以指人又可以指物，都可以引導讓步狀語從句。,(2)whichever除引導讓步狀語從句外，還可引導名詞性從句。
①Choose whichever brand you prefer.
挑選你喜歡的那個品牌。
②Whichever cake you like，you can take it.
你喜歡哪塊蛋糕就拿那塊。
③It takes three hours，whichever route you take.
無論你去哪一條路都需要三個小時。
31．(2009年高考湖南卷)She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do________it takes to save her life.
A．whichever　　　　　　　B．however
C．whatever D．whoever
解析：選C。句意：她是我們心愛的寶貝。我們準備不惜一切代價挽救她的生命。whatever＝anything that，連接賓語從句，兼作takes的賓語。
32．(2010年高考安徽卷)The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities，________they have the interest.
A．wherever B．whenever
C．even if D．a(chǎn)s if
解析：選C。句意：這些工程師太忙了，以至于即使他們有興趣，也沒有時間參加戶外活動。even if是“即使”的意思，符合句意。
33.(2009年高考全國卷Ⅰ)Could I speak to________is in charge of International Sales please?
A．who B．what
C．whoever D．whatever
解析：選C。句意：“請問一下我能不能和負責國際貿(mào)易的人說話？”speak to后接sb.，故排除B、D。句中to后跟賓語從句，而且從句中又缺少主語，并且是不確指，故排除A。
34．(2009年高考陜西卷)The howto book can be of help to________wants to do the job.
A．who B．whomever
C．no matter who D．whoever
解析：選D。句意：“howto”這本書對任何一個想做這份工作的人來說都有用。to是介詞，后接賓語從句，且從句中缺少主語。根據(jù)句子結構和意義，只能選whoever(anyone who)，who只指某一人，是特指。
35．________hungry I am，I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.
A．Whatever B．Whenever
C．Wherever D．However

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