Unit 3 Travel journal
語(yǔ)言要點(diǎn)
單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽（旨在讓同學(xué)整體了解本單元要點(diǎn)）
詞匯
部分詞語(yǔ)
辨析1. finally/at last/in the end
2. across/through/over
3. persuade / advise
4. beneath / under / below
詞形
變化1. organize vt. 組織organized adj. 有組織的organization n. 組織
2. wool n. 羊毛woolen adj. 毛紡的; 純毛的
3. determine v. 決定 determined adj. 堅(jiān)決的determination n. 決心; 堅(jiān)定性
重點(diǎn)
單詞1. prefer v. 更喜歡，選擇某事物（而不選擇其他事物）
2. persuade v. 說(shuō)服；勸說(shuō)
3. insist v. 堅(jiān)持
4. determine v. 決定；確定；下定決心
重點(diǎn)
詞組7.care about 關(guān)心，在乎 go through 經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受
8.give in 屈服，讓步，投降；上交
9.change one’s mind 改變主意
重點(diǎn)句子1. It was my sister who/that first had the idea to cycle along the entire ekong River. 首先想到沿湄公河騎車旅游的是我姐姐。（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）
2. She insisted that she (should) organize the trip properly.
她堅(jiān)持要自己把這次旅游安排得盡善盡美。
重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將 （見語(yǔ)法部分）
I 詞語(yǔ)辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1. finally/at last/in the end
【解釋】
finally 有兩個(gè)意思，一是在按順序列舉事物或論點(diǎn)時(shí)引出最后一項(xiàng)內(nèi)容，“最后，末了”；二是表示“在經(jīng)過(guò)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間之后才，終于�！� 另外，finally 一般位于動(dòng)詞前。
at last強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)過(guò)一番努力
in the end強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)過(guò)許多困難、變化之后，事情才發(fā)生
at last和in the end 同finally 的第二個(gè)意思
【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1). The war lasted four years before the North won _______________.
2). Your idea will turn out right _________.
3). ______, I want to thank you for helping me.
eys: 1). in the end/ at last 2). in the end 3). Finally
2. across/through/over
【解釋】
across 表示從表面上橫穿，橫跨
through 表示穿過(guò)空間內(nèi)部
over 表示“越過(guò)”，指從較高物體的一側(cè)到另一側(cè)
【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
The Great Wall winds its way ____high mountains, ___ deep valleys and ___ great
deserts.
eys:over…through…across
3. persuade / advise
【解釋】
persuade 指通過(guò)勸說(shuō)、感情交流等而使對(duì)方做勸說(shuō)者所希望的事。強(qiáng)調(diào)勸說(shuō)已收到成效。
advise 并不涉及是否有成效
【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1). Some of us ________ him to change his mind but no one could _________ him to do so.
eys: 1). advised…persuade
4. beneath / under / below
【解釋】
beneath 書面用詞，指緊挨……之下
under 普通用詞，指在某物的正下方
below 指位置低于某物或在某物下方，但不一定在正下方， 所指范圍較寬
【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1). Write your name _______ the line.
2). They found the body buried a pile of leaves.
3). They stood ________ a big tree.
eys: 1). below2). beneath3). under
II 詞性變化 （旨在提供語(yǔ)法填空所需材料）
1. organize vt. 組織organized adj. 有組織的organization n. 組織
2. wool n. 羊毛woolen adj. 毛紡的; 純毛的
3. determine v. 決定 determined adj. 堅(jiān)決的determination n. 決心; 堅(jiān)定性
【練習(xí)】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1) He's involved in the _______ of a new club. (organize)
2) She’s a highly ________ person. (organize)
3）She _______ the class into four groups. (organize)
4）These goats are specially bred for their _______. (wool)
5）Those are _______ blankets (wool)
6）His father is a leader with courage and _________. (determine)
7) She will ________ how it is to be done. (determine)
8) I'm ________ to succeed. (determine)
eys: 1) organization2) organized3) organized4) wool
5) woolen 6) determination7) determine8) determined
Ⅲ 重點(diǎn)詞匯 （旨在提供綜合運(yùn)用所需材料）
1. prefer v. （preferred/preferring） 更喜歡，選擇某事物（而不選擇其他事物）
[典例]
1). I prefer dogs to cats. 貓狗之中我更喜歡狗。
2). I prefer speaking the truth to lying. 我寧愿講實(shí)話而不愿說(shuō)謊。
3). Would you prefer that we put off our wedding till next mouth? 你是否更愿意把我們的婚禮推遲到下個(gè)月？
[重點(diǎn)用法]
prefer sth../doingprefer A to B
prefer doing A to doing Bprefer (sb.) to do (rather than do)
prefer that-clause
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1). 比起乘坐擁擠的公共汽車，他寧愿騎自行車。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 瑪麗更愿意我在外面等她。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
eys: 1). Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle.
2). ary prefers me to wait for her outside.
2. persuade v. 說(shuō)服；勸說(shuō)
[典例]
1). We persuaded him to take the job / into taking the job. 我們說(shuō)服了他接受這份工作。
2). y mother finally persuaded me not to go to the party / out of going to the party.
媽媽最終說(shuō)服我不參加這次聚會(huì)。
3). How can I persuade you of my sincerity？ 我如何能讓你相信我是真誠(chéng)的？
4). I am almost persuaded that he is honest. 我?guī)缀跸嘈帕怂钦\(chéng)實(shí)的。
[重點(diǎn)用法]
persuade sb. to do sth.= persuade sb. into doing sth. 說(shuō)服某人做某事
persuade sb. not to do sth. = persuade sb. out of sth./doing sth. 勸阻某人做某事
persuade sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
persuade that-clause 使某人相信...
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1）他正試圖說(shuō)服他的朋友放棄抽煙。
2) 我們使亨利相信是他錯(cuò)了。
3) 我?guī)缀跸嘈潘钦\(chéng)實(shí)的。
ey：1) He is trying to persuade his friends to give up smoking.
2) We persuaded Harry that he was wrong.
3)I am almost persuaded of his honesty.
3. insist v. 堅(jiān)持
[典例]
You can come back later, if you insist. 如果你一定要堅(jiān)持，你就稍后再吧。
[重點(diǎn)用法]
insist on/upon sth./( sb’s) doing 堅(jiān)持某事/要求（某人）做某事
I still insist on my viewpoint. 我仍然堅(jiān)持我的觀點(diǎn)。
He insisted on paying for the meal. 他堅(jiān)持要付飯錢。
other insisted on our washing the clothes by ourselves. 媽媽堅(jiān)決要求我們自己洗衣服。
[練習(xí)] 選擇填空
1). The man insisted _______ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.
A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding
2). I insist that a doctor _______ immediately.
A. has been sent for B. sends for C. will be sent for D. be sent for
3). Some people insisted that the person _____ a thief and insisted that he _____ to the police station.
A. was; be taken B. was, would be taken
C. should be; should be taken D. be; be taken
eys: 1). C 2). D3). A
4. determine v. 決定；確定；下定決心
[典例]
1). Attitude determines everything. 態(tài)度決定一切。
2). We determined to go to the railway station at once. 我們決定立刻去火車站。
3). I wonder what determined her to marry him in the end. 我想知道是什么使她最終下決心嫁給他的。
4). The court determined that the man was guilty of robbery. 法庭裁定那個(gè)人犯了搶劫罪。
[重點(diǎn)用法]
determine on/upon (doing) sth.determine + n.
determine to do sth.determine sb. to do sth. 使某人下定決心做某事
determine + that-clause
adj. be determined to do sth.
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1). 你決定好暑假做什么了嗎？
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 她決心要上哈佛大學(xué)。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
eys: 1). Have you determined what to do in the summer holidays?
2).She was determined to go to Harvard University.
Ⅳ 重點(diǎn)詞組 （旨在提供綜合運(yùn)用所需材料）
1. care about 關(guān)心，在乎
[典例]
1). The only thing he cares about is money. 他唯一在乎的東西就是金錢。
2). Family members should always care about each other. 一家人應(yīng)該互相關(guān)心。
[短語(yǔ)歸納]
care for 喜歡（多用于否定、疑問(wèn)句）；照顧
I don’t care for coffee. 我不喜歡喝咖啡。
Could you help care for my child when I am out？ 我外出時(shí)能幫忙照顧下我的孩子嗎？
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1). 她關(guān)心的只是她的社交活動(dòng)。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 他深深地愛(ài)著她。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
eys: 1). All she cares about is her social life.
2). He cares for her deeply.
2. give in 屈服，讓步，投降；上交
[典例]
1). Seeing that he could not persuade me, he had to give in (to my view). 由于無(wú)法說(shuō)服我，他不得不認(rèn)輸。
2). It’s time to give in your examination papers. 到了交試卷的時(shí)間了。
[短語(yǔ)歸納]
give in (to sb./sth.) 向…讓步give up sth./doing 放棄（做）某事
give away 贈(zèng)送；泄露 give back 歸還；恢復(fù)
give off 放出，散發(fā)(光、熱、煙、氣味等) give over 交付
give out vt. 分配；分發(fā)；發(fā)布 vi.（食物，燃料，電力等）用光；筋疲力盡
[練習(xí)] 用 give 構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1). When will the food supplied of our enemy________.
2). He intended to________ a large amount of money to the Project Hope.
3). Because of his low salary, he had to _________ his dream trip to Europe.
eys: 1). give out2). give away3). give up
3. change one’s mind 改變主意
make up one’s mind (to do) 下定決心（做某事）
[典例]
1). aybe you’ll change your mind after thinking it over. 也許你仔細(xì)考慮之后會(huì)改變主意。
2). I have made up my mind to leave, and nothing you say will change it. 我已經(jīng)下定決心，不管你說(shuō)什么我都不會(huì)改主意了。
[短語(yǔ)歸納]
與mind 有關(guān)的常用短語(yǔ)
have a/no mind to do 有/無(wú)意做lose one’s mind 失去理智
read one’s mind 看出某人的心思speak one’s mind 直言不諱
be of the same mind 意見一致be in/of two minds 拿不定主意
give one’s mind to 注意…keep one’s mind on 專心于…
take one’s mind off sth. 轉(zhuǎn)移某人的注意力bear/keep sth. in mind 記住某事
bring/call sth. to mind 回憶某事put sb. in mind of sth. 使某人想起某事
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1). 我決心當(dāng)醫(yī)生。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 任何事情都不能使我改變主意。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
eys: 1). I've made up my mind to be a doctor.
2). Nothing will make me change my mind.
V重點(diǎn)句子 （旨在提供句子結(jié)構(gòu)等所需材料）
1. It was my sister who/that first had the idea to cycle along the entire ekong River. 首先想到沿湄公河騎車旅游的是我姐姐。
[解釋] 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 It is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that/who + 其余部分。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是原句的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、從句。
強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)：
It is the ability to do the job that matters, not where you come from or what you are.
關(guān)鍵是你的工作能力而不是你從哪或你是誰(shuí)。
強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)：
It was ichael that/who I gave this ticket to. 我把這張票給了麥克。
強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：
It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
大約600年前，第一個(gè)有鐘面和時(shí)針的鐘誕生了。
強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)：
It was in Brooklyn that Beckham first met Victoria, so they named their first son Brooklyn.
布魯克林是貝克漢姆和維多利亞第一次相遇的地方，所以他們給第一個(gè)兒子取名布魯克林。
強(qiáng)調(diào)從句：
It was because he is in critical condition that the doctor decided to operate on him.
醫(yī)生之所以決定為他動(dòng)手術(shù)，是因?yàn)樗∏槲ｋU(xiǎn)。
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1). 我把這張票給了麥克。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 醫(yī)生之所以決定為他動(dòng)手術(shù)，是因?yàn)樗∏槲ｋU(xiǎn)。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
eys:
1). It was ichael that/who I gave this ticket to.
2). It was because he is in critical condition that the doctor decided to operate on him.
2. She insisted that she (should) organize the trip properly.
[解釋]insist + that-clause
insist 意為“堅(jiān)持要求（做某事）”時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)用should do的形式, should可省略；而insist 意為“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持某種觀點(diǎn)”時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)境變化，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
He insisted that he hadn’t made a mistake. 他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為自己沒(méi)有犯錯(cuò)。
The bodyguards insisted that the president (should) keep away from the crowd for the sake of safety. 出于安全考慮，護(hù)衛(wèi)人員堅(jiān)決要求總統(tǒng)遠(yuǎn)離人群。
suggest (建議)，demand (要求)，require (要求)，request (請(qǐng)求)，order (命令)等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句也常用 “(should) do” 表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1). 我堅(jiān)決要求你立刻采取行動(dòng)把事情處理好。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 他反應(yīng)冷淡表明他并不喜歡這個(gè)主意。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
eys:
1). I insist on your taking/insist that you take immediate action to put this right.
2). His cool response suggested that he didn't like the idea.
要點(diǎn)（模塊）
1詞匯等填空（旨在復(fù)習(xí)本中的單詞拼寫和主要詞語(yǔ)等）
根據(jù)內(nèi)容完成下面語(yǔ)法填空，注意單詞拼寫和詞語(yǔ)用法：
Wang un and his sister Wang wei had a dream 1 taking a bike trip along the ekong River. They began their trip from 2 it begins to where it ends. Wang Wei was so stubborn that 3 she was 4 ( 決心) to do something , nothing could 5 her mind. So though Wang un had different idea about the trip but he had to give 6 .
The ekong River begins at a glacier on a Tibetan mountain 7 an altitude of more than 5,000 metres. It passes 8 deep valleys, 9 (travel) 10 western Yunnan Province and finally flows into the South China Sea.
答案：1. of/about2. where3. once4. determined5. change6. in7. with8. through9. traveling10. across
2大意概括 （旨在訓(xùn)練用30個(gè)單詞概括大意的能力）
閱讀，試著用30個(gè)單詞概括大意或翻譯下面短。
王昆和他的姐姐沿著媚公河騎自行車游覽。他們對(duì)媚公河的地理環(huán)境和沿途風(fēng)景作了詳盡的描寫。
The passage is about_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：The passage is about Wang un and his sister cycling along the ekong River and they gave a detailed description of the river including its geographical situation and the scenery along the river.
3佳句背誦與仿寫 （旨在培養(yǎng)對(duì)難句的理解和寫作能力）
1.【原句】It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire ekong River from where it begins to where it ends. 首先想到要沿著湄公河從頭到終點(diǎn)騎車旅游的是我的姐姐。
[模仿要點(diǎn)] 句子結(jié)構(gòu)： 強(qiáng)調(diào)句 It is /was + 強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that/who…
【模仿1】正是樹的綠蔭保護(hù)我們免于太陽(yáng)的照射，使我們精力更加充沛。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：It is the green shade from the trees that protect us from the sun, making us feel more energetic.
【模仿2】一直到奧運(yùn)會(huì)在中國(guó)舉行，世界才充分領(lǐng)略了中國(guó)化的魅力。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：It is not until the 29th Olympic Games were hosted in China that the world completely experience the charm of Chinese culture.
[模仿要點(diǎn)] 句子結(jié)構(gòu)：定語(yǔ)從句where 的用法
【模仿3】他在他出生和成長(zhǎng)的地方投資了一家車廠，年產(chǎn)10萬(wàn)汽車
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：He invested a car factory where he was born and grew up, which produced 10,000 cars per year.
【模仿4】在很難找到食物的地方就沒(méi)有什么鳥能長(zhǎng)年棲息.
____________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Where food is hard to find, few birds remain throughout the year.
單元自測(cè) （模塊）
1完形填空
閱讀下面短，掌握其大意，然后從21—30各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
字?jǐn)?shù)：217完成時(shí)間：15分鐘難度：***
When it’s 10:15 in New York, it’s 9:15 in Salt Lake City, and 7:15 in San Francisco ? isn’t it? This consistent and orderly time system, based on a grid of time 21 , seems so natural that people 22 give it a moment’s thought. So you may find it surprising to learn that prior to the late 1800s each community 23 its own time ? by looking at the sun. When the sun shone directly overhead in Washington, D.C., for example, it was 12:00 noon there; up the road in Philadelphia, 24 , it was 12:07, and in Boston it was 12:24. To measure time with absolute accuracy, it is necessary to move the clock about one minute for every twelve miles of distance; so according to “sun time” your pocket watch would be slightly 25 if you ventured only a few miles down the road.
It was not until the advent of widespread railroad travel that a need 26 for 27 time. At one point over 300 local times were honored within the 28 , making it literally impossible for trains to arrive consistently on time 29 . As a result, in 1883 the continental United States was divided into four time longitude. The standardization resulting from this system 30 so helpful that in 1884 the International eridian Conference applied the same procedure to establish time zones around the world.
21.A.areasB.districtsC.zonesD.divisions
22.A.usuallyB.neverC.onlyD.rarely
23.A.madeB.establishedC.arrangedD.founded
24.A.howeverB.thereforeC.meanwhileD.by contrast
25.A.differentB.wrongC.incorrectD.mistaken
26.A.arrivedB.raisedC.happenedD.arose
27.A.regularizedB.organizedC.correctedD.standardized
28.A.stateB.countyC.worldD.country
29.A.everywhereB.anywhereC.nowhereD.somewhere
30.A.was provedB.has been provedC.was provingD.proved
[答案]
21. C. 時(shí)區(qū)time zone, 是固定詞組。
22. D. 人們習(xí)以為常了，所以很少想到它，選rarely, 經(jīng)常想起、從不想起和只想起它都不合理。
23. B. 句意應(yīng)為每個(gè)地區(qū)都確立自己的時(shí)間，只有establish可以表示建立制度。
24. A.根據(jù)上下可判斷出此處為轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比關(guān)系， 而by contrast 表示相反的對(duì)比，所以選however。
25. C. 根據(jù)“太陽(yáng)時(shí)”，只要離開幾英里，表就會(huì)有一些不準(zhǔn)，而不是不同、錯(cuò)誤或誤解。
26. D. 需要出現(xiàn)應(yīng)該搭配的動(dòng)詞是arise。
27. A. 是需要調(diào)整時(shí)間，而不是使時(shí)間有組織、改變或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。
28. D. 根據(jù)上下，是在美國(guó)境內(nèi)有300多個(gè)地區(qū)時(shí)。
29. A. 根據(jù)意，火車不可能在每個(gè)地方都準(zhǔn)時(shí)，所以選everywhere, 和impossible 構(gòu)成部分否定。
30. D．該系統(tǒng)被證明很幫助，應(yīng)該用prove的主動(dòng)形式，時(shí)態(tài)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
2語(yǔ)法填空
閱讀下面短，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和上下連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語(yǔ)的正確形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡標(biāo)號(hào)為31-40的相應(yīng)位置上。
字?jǐn)?shù)：147完成時(shí)間：8分鐘難度：**
Usually male butterflies are more brightly colored than the female. The female have bigger and heavier bodies, 31 they carry the eggs. The bright colors of the male help to attract the female, and the duller colors of the female make them 32 likely to be caught by enemies before they 33 (lay) their eggs. 34 butterflies have a bright pattern colors on the upper surface of their wings which are shown 35 flying. But when they rest on a tree or 36 (leaf) they close their wings. On the undersides of their wings there are green and brown marks 37 look like the tree or leaves. They are then difficult to 38 (see).
any butterflies have round marks on their wings that look like eyes. When they are resting, their wings are closed, and these cannot be seen When a bird sees 39 , and begins to attack it, the butterfly 40 open its wings. The bird thinks that it sees two eyes staring at it, and so it is frightened, and flies away.
[答案]
31．since 32．1ess 33．have laid 34．Some 35．when／while 36．leaves 37．which／that 38．be seen 39．one 40．would
31．since，“由于，既然”表原因。
32．1ess，從上下可知此處是“雌飛蛾的較死板的顏色使她們?cè)诋a(chǎn)完卵之前較少有可能被敵人抓住”。
33．have laid，由before可知考查動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。
34．Some，不定代詞，“一些”。
35．when／while，when／while+ving分詞相當(dāng)于由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，“正在飛時(shí)”。
36．leaves，leaf的復(fù)數(shù)形式是leaves。
37．which／that，關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句?
38．be seen，考查動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，意為“然后他們很難被看見”。
39．one，不定代詞，指代任意一只butterfly。
40．would，表一種必然的動(dòng)作或經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作。
3閱讀理解
閱讀下列短，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
詞數(shù)：334完成時(shí)間：7分鐘難度：***
Yi So-yeon, an engineer from Seoul, returned to Earth on Saturday after 11 days aboard the International Space Station (ISS), along with Russian cosmonaut Yuri alenchenko and US astronaut Peggy Whitson.
A technical problem turned a routine (常規(guī)) return to Earth into a sharper than usual descent (下降) that tested the group members' stamina and courage. They landed in the azakh steppes ( 大草原) about 420km (260 miles) wide of their target.
"During the descent there was some kind of fire outside the Soyuz capsule because we were going through the atmosphere," Yi said.
"At first I was afraid, but the two other guys looked okay, so I tried to look okay too."
Yi smiled and joked her way through a 10-minute news briefing at Star City, the wooded Sovietera cosmonaut training centre on the edge of osco However, alenchenko and Whitson looked tired and thin after nearly six months in space. Their answers were short and Whitson needed support to balance when she walked. The 29-year-old Yi has become famous in South orea since the take-off but she brushed this aside and said she has had little contact with friends or family since returning.
"In fact, they are the heroes right now," Yi said, referring to alenchenko and Whitson. "I'm just a beginner and a little ashamed to say that I am a hero." She did, though, relate a more light-hearted incident on the ISS.
"I sang 'Fly e to the oon" Yi said about the 1950s pop song. "It's my favorite song from university although at that time I didn't know I would be an astronaut."
The capsule's so-called "ballistic" re-entering made the group members face twice the usual pull from the centre of the earth. The flames Yi described may have been caused by friction (摩擦) heating the capsule as it fell through the atmosphere.
Whitson told reporters that Saturday's ballistic landing, was irregular but not an emergency.
"The Soyuz has been through its history very reliable and there has obviously been some issue in the last couple of descents which went ballistic, but I'm sure the engineers will determine what the problems are and get them fixed," she said.
In October, a Soyuz capsule carrying alaysia's first space tourist touched down about 200 km (125 miles) off course in a similar ballistic landing caused by a technical problem.
The Soyuz is the world's longest-serving manned space capsule. An early version of the craft, the Vostok, carried the first person into space in 1961.
Whitson, 48, has become the American with the longest amount of time in space with 377 days.
41. What's the main idea of the passage?
A. Flight in space is very dangerous
B. Not everybody can go into space
C. Fearful landing tests the orean astronaut
D. Yi didn't know she would be an astronaut when she was young
42. The reason why Yi Suo-yeon felt afraid at first was that __________.
A. a fire was caused by the friction
B. she had no such experience before
C. she was not brave enough
D. the other two didn't help her
43. From the passage, we can learn that __________.
A. Yi So-yeon, a space tourist came from South orea
B. Whitson became energetic when they landed on earth
C. the two other guys were not afraid during the descent
D. the Soyuz, an unmanned space capsule, had a long history
44. The underlined phrase in this passage means __________.
A. out of work B. out of control C. in the wrong direction D. in danger
45. We can conclude from this passage that __________.
A. experience is very important for astronauts to ensure safety
B. Yi Suo-yeon will never return to the space station
C. people are not willing to experience the space flight
D. we should draw a lesson from the accident
[答案]
本講述Yi Suo-yeon與另外兩名宇航員在太空站11天后返回的不平凡經(jīng)歷。
41. C。主旨大意題。令人恐懼的著陸讓進(jìn)入太空的韓國(guó)宇航員經(jīng)受了一次考驗(yàn)。
42. B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段推理得出, Yi開始時(shí)恐懼的原因是以前沒(méi)有過(guò)這種經(jīng)歷。
43. C。由“At first I was afraid, but the two other guys looked okay...”判斷得出答案。
44. C。詞意猜測(cè)題。off course偏離軌道。
45. A。推理判斷題。有上下推理可得:飛行員的經(jīng)驗(yàn)在旅途中能夠?qū)Π踩鸷艽笞饔谩?br />4寫作訓(xùn)練
請(qǐng)根據(jù)下列信息，用英語(yǔ)寫一篇關(guān)于2008年諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)得主華人科學(xué)家錢永健教授的簡(jiǎn)介
[寫作內(nèi)容] 錢永健教授的簡(jiǎn)介提示：
姓名：錢永健國(guó)籍：美國(guó)出生年月：1952年出生地：紐約
獲獎(jiǎng)及
相關(guān)情況：2008年諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，其研究為生物和醫(yī)學(xué)試驗(yàn)帶革命。其父親是名機(jī)械工程師，堂叔是我國(guó)著名科學(xué)家錢學(xué)森。錢永健教授是自諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)?lì)C發(fā)逾100多年，第七位獲諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的華人科學(xué)家。
教育及
工作經(jīng)歷：16歲獲“少年諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)” ，20歲，在哈佛大學(xué)獲得物理和化學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位，現(xiàn)供職美國(guó)加州大學(xué)圣迭戈分�；瘜W(xué)及藥理系。
[寫作要求]
1．只能使用5個(gè)句子表達(dá)全部?jī)?nèi)容：
2．中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱。
[評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)]
句子結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)確，信息內(nèi)容完整，篇結(jié)構(gòu)連貫。
[寫作向?qū)
1．時(shí)態(tài)：人物介紹應(yīng)根據(jù)人物不同時(shí)期做的事情使用不同的時(shí)態(tài)。
2．可用詞匯與句型：the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for2008諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，Roger Y. Tsien 錢永健教授，
Harvard University哈佛大學(xué)，University of California San Diego School美國(guó)加州大學(xué)圣迭戈分校。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
Roger Y. Tsien, A Nobel Prize Winner For 2008
Roger Y. Tsien, born in New York in 1952, is a Chinese American who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2008. His research has brought a revolution to the research and experiments on biology and medicine. His uncle is Xue Sen Tsien, a great Chinese famous scientist. Roger Y. Tsien is the seventh Chinese American scientist who is a Nobel Prize winner in the over-100-year history of the prize. At the age of 16, he got the Nobel Prize for Youngsters in USA. Later, he studied in Harvard University and got bachelor degrees of chemistry and physics at the age of 20 there. He has been working at the department of Chemistry & edicine in University of California San Diego School.
Unit 4 Earthquakes
語(yǔ)言要點(diǎn)（模塊）
單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽（旨在讓同學(xué)整體了解本單元要點(diǎn)）
詞匯
部分詞語(yǔ)
辨析1. congratulate / celebrate
2. destroy / ruin / damage / harm
3. rise / raise / lift
4. hurt / injure / wound
詞形
變化1. frighten vt. 嚇唬；使驚嚇frightened n. 受驚的；受恐嚇的frightening adj.令人恐懼的
2. nation n. 民族；國(guó)家；國(guó)民national adj. 民族的；國(guó)家的
3. suffer v. 受苦; 吃苦頭suffering n. 苦難；痛苦sufferer n.受苦者; 受難者
重點(diǎn)
單詞1. burst v.&n. 爆裂, 爆發(fā), 突然破裂
2. ruin v.&n. 毀滅，使破產(chǎn)，遺跡，廢墟（名詞時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù)）
3. rescue n.&vt. 援救，營(yíng)救
4. judge n.&v. 法官，鑒賞家，裁判，判斷，估計(jì)
重點(diǎn)
詞組10.right away 立刻，馬上
11.at an end 結(jié)束，終結(jié)
12.instead of 代替，而不
13.tens of thousands of 數(shù)以萬(wàn)計(jì)的
重點(diǎn)句子1. ice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.
2. All hope was not lost.
重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法定語(yǔ)從句 （見語(yǔ)法部分）
I詞語(yǔ)辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1. congratulate / celebrate
【解釋】
congratulate 對(duì)他人祝賀為目的，側(cè)重以言語(yǔ)表示祝賀。
celebrate 通常指舉行盛大隆重的儀式慶�；蚣o(jì)念有意義的日子或某事情。側(cè)重指以行動(dòng)慶祝生日、節(jié)日等。
【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1). I _________ you on your success.
2). We held a party to __________ our success..
答案: 1). congratulate2). celebrate
2. destroy / ruin / damage / harm
【解釋】
destroy 表示在肉體上、精神上或道義上的徹底摧毀，使之無(wú)法恢復(fù)，也可以表示對(duì)某物體進(jìn)行完全的毀壞。
ruin一般指對(duì)物體或生命徹底的破壞，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次性打擊
的結(jié)果，常指對(duì)美好的或希望中的事物的破壞。
damage 一般指對(duì)物體或生命的局部損傷，使整體的價(jià)值或作用降低或變得無(wú)價(jià)值、無(wú)作用。這種損傷可以是暴力的或一次性破壞的結(jié)果，也可以指非暴力的長(zhǎng)期損害的結(jié)果。
harm 一般指?jìng)τ猩臇|西，常指?jìng)叭说慕】�、�?quán)利、事業(yè)等。
【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1). You may get _________ in that shop.
2). He can’t __________ her. She sees through him every time.
答案:1). cheated2). fool
3. rise / raise / lift
【解釋】
rise 普通用詞，指具體的抽象的事物由低向高移動(dòng)。
raise 及物動(dòng)詞，多指把某物從低處升到高處。
lift 語(yǔ)氣比raise強(qiáng)，指用體力或機(jī)械的力舉起或抬起某物。
【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1). She ________ her eyes from her work.
2). __________ me up, mummy---I can’t see.
3). The plane was then able to ________ and it cleared the mountains by 300 feet.
答案: 1). raised2). Lift3). rise
4. hurt / injure / wound
【解釋】
hurt 一般用語(yǔ)，即可指肉體上的傷害，也可指精神和情感方面的傷害。
injure 比hurt正式，一般指由于意外或事故而受傷，很少指精神方面的傷害.
wound 指外傷，如槍傷、刀傷、劍傷等，尤指在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中受傷。
【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1). The soldier was ______ in the arm in the war.
2). She was _______ slightly in an accident during the work.
3). I was very much _______ at his words.
答案: 1). wounded2). injured 3). hurt
II詞性變化 （旨在提供語(yǔ)法填空所需材料）
1. frighten vt. 嚇唬；使驚嚇frightened n. 受驚的；受恐嚇的frightening adj.令人恐懼的
2. nation n. 民族；國(guó)家；國(guó)民national adj. 民族的；國(guó)家的
3. suffer v. 受苦; 吃苦頭suffering n. 苦難；痛苦sufferer n.受苦者; 受難者
【練習(xí)】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1) He’s travelled to the ________ of Western Europe. (nation)
2) We are talking about _________ and international issues. (nation)
3） ___________ children were calling for their mothers.. (frighten)
4） The child __________to death by the violent thunderstorm. (frighten)
5） It is even _________ to think of the horrors of nuclear war. (frighten)
6） We ________ huge losses in the financial crisis. (suffer)
7) They’re arthritis __________. (suffer)
8) There is so much __________ in this world. (suffer)
答案: 1) nations2) national3) Frightened4) was frightened
5) frightening6) suffered7) sufferers8) suffering
Ⅲ重點(diǎn)詞匯 （旨在提供綜合運(yùn)用所需材料）
1. burst v.&n. 爆裂, 爆發(fā), 突然破裂
[典例]
1).The red balloon suddenly burst. 那個(gè)紅色的氣球突然爆了。
2). The police burst through the door. 警察破門而入。
3). On hearing the news, Leslie burst into laughter while Tracy burst out crying.
一聽到這則消息，Leslie突然大笑，而Tracy則突然大哭起。
4). A burst of hand-clapping followed the ending of the song.
歌聲結(jié)束后響起了一陣掌聲。
[重點(diǎn)用法]
burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑
burst into tears = burst out crying 突然大哭
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1). 水管在寒冷的天氣里經(jīng)常凍裂。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 太陽(yáng)突然從云端里露出。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案: 1).Water-pipes often burst in cold weather.
2). The sun burst through the clouds.
2. rescue n.&vt. 援救，營(yíng)救
[典例]
1). The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river.
警察救他，把他從河里拉了出。
2). The rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake.
營(yíng)救隊(duì)在這次地震期間進(jìn)行了無(wú)數(shù)次救援。
3). ichael rescued a boy from drowning. 邁克把溺水的男孩救了起。
[重點(diǎn)用法]
rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把……..從……營(yíng)救出
come to/ go to sb’s rescue = rescue sb. 援救某人 a rescue team 救援隊(duì)
a rescue mission 救援任務(wù) rescue workers 救援人員
[練習(xí)] 用rescue的適當(dāng)形式填空
1). The mother, along with her two children, _________from the sinking boat by a passing ship.
2). The firemen ________ five children from the burning house yesterday.
答案: 1). has been rescued 2). rescued
3. judge n.&v. 法官，鑒賞家，裁判，判斷，估計(jì)
[典例]
1). His father used to be a judge. 他的父親過(guò)去是一名法官。
2). She's a good judge of wine. 她是鑒別酒的專家。
3). The blind can’t judge colors. 盲人無(wú)法判斷顏色。
4). Don’t judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。
[重點(diǎn)用法]
judge sb./ sth. by/from 通過(guò)……判斷……
as far as I judge 我認(rèn)為
judging from… 從……看， 根據(jù)……判斷
[練習(xí)] 用與judge相關(guān)的詞匯填空
1). ______his appearance, he must be a rich man.
2). _______ , he must be from the south.
答案: 1). Judging2). In her judgment
4. ruin v.&n. 毀滅，使破產(chǎn)，遺跡，廢墟（名詞時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù)）
[典例]
1). The hurricane ruined all the houses here. 颶風(fēng)使這里所有的房屋成為廢墟。
2). He ruined his prospects by carelessness. 他因疏忽大意而斷送了前途。
[重點(diǎn)用法]
be in ruins 呈一片廢墟 fall into ruin 變成廢墟 come to ruin 毀滅，落空
ruin oneself 自我毀滅 bring sb. to ruin 使毀滅
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1). 那建筑物已成斷壁殘?jiān)?br />__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 那教堂已破敗不堪。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案: 1). The building is in ruins.
2). The church has fallen into ruin.
Ⅳ 重點(diǎn)詞組 （旨在提供綜合運(yùn)用所需材料）
1. right away 立刻，馬上
[典例]
1).I’ll return the book to you right away. 我會(huì)馬上還書給你。
2). If war breaks out, we shall be called up right away.
如果戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)，我們將立即被征召服役。
[短語(yǔ)歸納]
“立刻，馬上”的表達(dá)方式：
right away，right now，at once，immediately， in no time
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1). 請(qǐng)立刻把它打印出。
答案: 1). I want it typed right away, please.
2. at an end 結(jié)束，終結(jié)（= finished）
[典例]
1). The war was finally at an end. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)終于結(jié)束了。
[短語(yǔ)歸納]
與end搭配的常用短語(yǔ)
at the end of 在……末尾by the end of 在……末為止
in the end 最后，終于at a loose end 無(wú)所事事，處于雜亂狀態(tài)
make ends meet 收支相抵
[練習(xí)] 用at the end of, by the end of 和 in the end填空。
1). How many English words have you learned ____________ last term?
2). He became an outstanding doctor ___________.
3). y uncle will fly to China _________ this year.
答案: 1). by the end of2). in the end3). at the end of
3. instead of 代替，而不是
[典例]
1). The Chinese use chopsticks instead of knives and forks. 中國(guó)人不用刀叉,用筷子。
2). Instead of working, Jack was idling away his time. 杰克不去工作,虛度著光陰。
3). She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of onday.
她決定星期日而不是星期一離開這里。
[短語(yǔ)歸納]
instead 是副詞，單獨(dú)使用，用于句首或句末作狀語(yǔ)，意為“代替；相反”。
instead of 是復(fù)合介詞，后接名詞、代詞、或動(dòng)名詞，其后面的動(dòng)作，意為“代替、而不……”。
in place of 為介詞短語(yǔ)，也是“代替、而不”的意思，表“以甲代乙”，不含比，而instead of則是“用甲不用乙”，除“代替”外，還有對(duì)乙作否定的意思，有時(shí)意為“不”。
take the place of 作謂語(yǔ)，用在名詞、代詞前。
[練習(xí)] 單項(xiàng)選擇。
1). Tractors _____________ horses in many places.
A. in place of B. have taken the place of C. instead D. instead of
2). You should be out playing ___________ working indoors all day.
A. in spite of B. take the place of C. instead D. instead of
答案:
1). B2). D
4. tens of thousands of 數(shù)以萬(wàn)計(jì)的
[典例]
1). Tens of thousands of people were watching the game in the stadium when it began to rain heavily.
[短語(yǔ)歸納]
hundreds of數(shù)百的hundreds of and thousands of 成百上千的
thousands of數(shù)千的millions of數(shù)百萬(wàn)的
dozens of許多； 大量scores of 許多； 大量
[練習(xí)] 選擇填空
1). Every year ________ foreign visitors come to China.
A. tens of thousands of B. ten thousands of
C. over ten thousands D. thousands upon thousands
2). There were ____________ people in the hall.
A. two scores of B. scores of
C. two and score D. two scores
答案: 1). A2). B
V重點(diǎn)句子 （旨在提供句子結(jié)構(gòu)等所需材料）
1. ice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.
老鼠跑到地里找地方躲。
[解釋] 這句話中的looking for places to hide 是作ran out of the fields 的伴隨狀況，這是動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式的一個(gè)用法。
現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)可以表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。
（1）現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)可由連詞when, while引出。
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一邊看書，一邊不時(shí)地點(diǎn)頭。
Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些畫，他想起了她的童年。
（2）現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。如：
Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him.
因?yàn)椴恢浪牡刂�，我不能把這本書送給他。
any of us, being so excited, couldn’t go to sleep that night.
因?yàn)榉浅＜?dòng)，那晚我們?cè)S多人都沒(méi)睡著。
（3）現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。如：
His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父親死了，留給他許多錢。
She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
她非常生氣，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。
（4）現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中間，表示主語(yǔ)的另一個(gè)、較次要的動(dòng)作。如：
They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.
他們?cè)谀莾赫玖税胄r(shí)，觀察著天上的星星。
Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.
年輕人跟在老人的后面開始慢慢地走起。
（5）現(xiàn)在分詞間或也可作條狀語(yǔ)和讓步狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。如：
A person standing at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small.
一個(gè)人如站在大的腳下會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己很渺小。
nowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
盡管知道了一切情況，他們還是要我賠償損失。
注：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是整個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)。
（6）“with/without+名詞普通格或代詞賓格+現(xiàn)在分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨情況或時(shí)間、原因等。如：
His hair became grey with the years passing. 隨著時(shí)間的推移，他的頭發(fā)變花白了。
Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the windo 沒(méi)人注意，他從窗戶溜了出去。
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1). 因?yàn)椴恢浪牡刂罚也荒馨堰@本書送給他。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 沒(méi)人注意，他從窗戶溜了出去。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:
1). Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him.
2). Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the windo
2. All hope was not lost. 并不是所有的希望都破滅了。
[解釋]All the students do not know how to deal with the problem. = Not all the students know how to deal with the problem. 并非所有的學(xué)生都知道如何解決個(gè)問(wèn)題。
I don’t know all of them. 我并不認(rèn)識(shí)他們所有的人。
表示“全體”意義的代詞、副詞或形容 “all, both, every, everybody, always” 等和否定副詞not連用時(shí)表部分否定, 而“none, neither, nobody, nothing” 等表完全否定。如：
Everyone doesn’t like the story. = Not everyone likes the story.
并非每個(gè)人都喜歡這個(gè)故事。
Nobody likes the story. 沒(méi)人喜歡這個(gè)故事。
Both of the students don’t like the story. 并非這兩個(gè)學(xué)生這個(gè)故事。
Neither of the students likes the story. 這兩個(gè)學(xué)生都不喜歡這個(gè)故事。
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1). 并非這兩個(gè)學(xué)生這個(gè)故事。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 這兩個(gè)學(xué)生都不喜歡這個(gè)故事。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:
1). Both of the students don’t like the story.
2). Neither of the students likes the story.
要點(diǎn)（模塊）
1詞匯等填空（旨在復(fù)習(xí)本中的單詞拼寫和主要詞語(yǔ)等）
根據(jù)內(nèi)容完成下面語(yǔ)法填空，注意單詞拼寫和詞語(yǔ)用法：
Before Tangshan earthquake, strange things happened. A 1 (有味道的) gas came out from the cracks of wells and animals became 2 (nerve). At 3:00 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed that the world was at 3 end. In fifteen seconds, a large city lay in 4 (廢墟), and the number of people 5 (受傷的) or killed reached more than 400,000. Water, food and 6 (electric) were cut off and the railway tracks were 7 (use) pieces of steel. But all hope was not lost. The rescue team 8 (organize) by the army came to help those 9 (幸存者) and slowly the city began to 10 (呼吸) again.
答案：1. smelly2. nervous3. an4. ruins5. injured6. electricity7. useless8. organized9. survivors10. breathe
2大意概括 （旨在訓(xùn)練用30個(gè)單詞概括大意的能力）
閱讀，試著用30個(gè)單詞概括大意或翻譯下面的短，再比較答案
這篇描述了地震前的征兆和地震的過(guò)程和唐地震造成的后果。它顯示出地震后的駭人的情景和告訴我們?cè)鯓硬拍馨训卣鸬奈：档阶畹汀?br /> The article describes _________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：The article describes both the signs before an earthquake and the course and the result of Tangshan earthquake in 1976. It shows us the terrible image of earthquakes and tells us what we should do to minimize the damage by an earthquake.
3佳句背誦與仿寫 （旨在培養(yǎng)對(duì)難句的理解和寫作能力）
1.【原句】But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. 但是，唐市的一百萬(wàn)居民幾乎都沒(méi)有把這些情況當(dāng)一回事，當(dāng)天晚上照常睡著了。
[模仿要點(diǎn)] 句子結(jié)構(gòu)：由which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
【模仿1】李宇春現(xiàn)象超越了她的聲音，即使最狂熱歌迷們也承認(rèn)她的聲音是非常弱的。
________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：The Li Yuchun phenomenon, however, goes far beyond her voice, which even the most ardent fans admit is pretty weak
【模仿2】據(jù)報(bào)道，心臟病和癌癥成了中年人的頭號(hào)殺手，這給我們敲響了警鐘。
________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：It is reported that heart disease and cancer are now the top killers of middle-aged people in China, which give us a warming.
2.【原句】It was a city whose hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. 所有的師內(nèi)醫(yī)院，75%的工廠和建筑物，90%的家園都消失了。
[模仿要點(diǎn)] 句子結(jié)構(gòu)：數(shù)字+of which/whom 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
【模仿1】從七月上旬開始, 20天的干旱和高溫 襲擊了重慶的人們, 其中50% 的人們處于嚴(yán)重缺水狀態(tài)。
________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：ore than 20 days of drought and high temperatures since early July have hit the population of Chongqin, 50% of whom are in a state of a severe lack of water.
【模仿2】參加奧運(yùn)會(huì)吉祥物競(jìng)選的參與者有662人，其中611人自中國(guó)大陸，12人自香港，澳門和臺(tái)灣，39人自國(guó)外。
________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：There were 662 people who competed in the selection of Olympic mascots, of whom 611 were from the Chinese mainland, 12 from Hong ong, acao and Taiwan, and 39 from abroad.
單元自測(cè) （模塊）
1完形填空
閱讀下面短，掌握其大意，然后從21—30各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
字?jǐn)?shù)：192完成時(shí)間：14分鐘難度：***
The legal age for smoking in Japan is 20 and as the country' s 570,000 tobacco vending machines ( 自動(dòng)售貨機(jī)) prepare for a July regulation requiring them to ensure buyers are not minors, a company has developed a 1 to identify age by studying facial features.
By having the customer look into a digital camera 2 to the machine, Fujitaka Co's system will 3 facial characteristics, such as wrinkles surrounding the eyes, bone structure and skin sags (松弛), to the facial data of over 100,000 people, Hajime Yamamoto, a company spokesman said.
"With face 4 , so long as you've got some change and you are an adult, you can buy cigarettes like before. The problem of 5 borrowing (identification) cards to purchase cigarettes could be 6 as well," Yamamoto said.
But due to concerns about its accuracy, the facial identification method has yet to be 7 .
Yamamoto said the system could 8 identify about 90 percent of the 9 , with the remaining 10 percent sent to a "grey zone" for minors that look 10 , and baby-faced adults, where they would be asked to insert their driving license.
1. A. system B. machineC. program D. monitor
2. A. added B. attached C. covered D. devoted
3. A. prefer B. adjust C. lead D. compare
4. A. features B. structure C. recognition D. expression
5. A. students B. youths C. adults D. minors
6. A. avoided B. clarified C. raised D. improved
7. A. corrected B. approved C. updated D. spread
8. A. completely B. correctly C. specifically D. partly
9. A. smokers B. sellers C. lookers-on D. users
10. A. older B. younger C. wiser D. nicer
答案：
1. A 從第二段及最后一段第一句可以判斷：一家日本公司研制出一套年齡識(shí)別體系。
2. B attach to 所附的，“附在機(jī)器上的數(shù)碼相機(jī)”。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)境。
3. D compare ... to ... “系統(tǒng)將面部特征與十萬(wàn)多人的面部數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對(duì)比”。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞盡管可以和介詞to連用，但不符合語(yǔ)境。
4. C features 特征，structure 構(gòu)造，recognition 識(shí)別，expression表情，選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。
5. D從第一句及最后一句可以判斷。minor未成年人，本首句提到吸煙的合法年齡是20歲，自動(dòng)售貨機(jī)要確保購(gòu)買者不是未成年人。
6. A 年齡識(shí)別系統(tǒng)可以避免未成年人借用身份證購(gòu)買香煙的問(wèn)題。clarify澄清。
7. B 因涉及到準(zhǔn)確性問(wèn)題，這套面部識(shí)別方法還有待批準(zhǔn)。
8. B 該系統(tǒng)能正確識(shí)別出約90%的使用者。
9. D 從第一段to ensure buyers are not minors判斷，該系統(tǒng)識(shí)別的是使用自動(dòng)售貨機(jī)購(gòu)買香煙者。故選users。
10. A 從baby-faced adults可得提示。有10%的長(zhǎng)相顯老的未成年人和娃娃臉的成年人進(jìn)入“灰色地帶”。
2語(yǔ)法填空
閱讀下面短，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和上下連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語(yǔ)的正確形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡標(biāo)號(hào)為31-40的相應(yīng)位置上。
字?jǐn)?shù)：202完成時(shí)間：10分鐘難度：***
Wang Hong was born in 1985 in Guangzhou, China. Even when she was a baby, she loved to draw lines everywhere. 1 (see) this, her father decided to help her. He gave her paint, brushes and paper. She practised hard 2 improved very quickly. Soon her lines became flowers, trees and animals. Some of her pictures 3 (show) in an art exhibition in Shanghai at the age of 4. By the age of six, Wang Hong 4 (make) over 4,000 paintings. She loved to draw animals, especially monkey and cats. 5 her father was good at drawing, he didn't give her any art lessons. He even stopped painting his own pictures. 6 , he often took the little girl to parks and zoos to get ideas for her work. 7 this way, Wang Hong developed her own style of painting 8 bright colours. All her pictures were different from others.
At the age of 8, 9 of her monkey paintings was made into a Chinese stamp. Later, she started to draw pictures of country scenery and people. And when she was just 14, she became the youngest person to have 10 (person) shows in Washington D.C. and many other cities around the world.
答案：
1．Seeing，現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于when her father saw this，
2．a(chǎn)nd，表并列關(guān)系：
3．were shown，考查動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用法：
4．had made， 由前By the age of six可知, 此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。
5．Although/ though，“雖然，盡管”表讓步關(guān)系：
6．Instead，“相反，而是”，表轉(zhuǎn)折：
7．In，in this way是固定搭配，“用這種方法”：
8．with，介詞“用，有”：
9．one，one of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)表“……之一”：
10．personal，person的形容詞，“個(gè)人的”：
3 信息匹配（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）
請(qǐng)閱讀下列應(yīng)用及相關(guān)信息，并按照要求匹配信息。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上將對(duì)應(yīng)題號(hào)的相應(yīng)選項(xiàng)字母涂黑。
以下是請(qǐng)求幫助者的資料：
[A]. As we know, the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing and many people from other countries will come to visit China. The taxi drivers in Dongfeng Taxi Company think the way to show kindness is to be able to greet the foreigners in their languages. They need someone who can teach them languages and the best time is at night when they are not so busy.
[B]. Tom is so addicted to on-line games that he cannot concentrate on his study like before. Now he often misses school in order to play games, thus telling lies to his teachers and parents again and again. Though he realizes what he does is wrong, he just can't stop it. How badly he needs someone's help.
[C]. ane, a 44-year-old single mother of three, has to walk two miles to the nearest supermarket twice a week because she doesn't knohich bus to take. What's worse, since she does not knoords, she can not write out a shopping list. Also, she can only recognize items by sight, so if the product has a different label, she will not recognize it as the product she wants.
[D]. "Helping hand" organization will hold an event to help the starving children in Africa. The event starts in August and those taking part in will go without food for 30 hours. In this way, it is expected that money will be raised for the poor children.
[E]. "Green Earth" cares a lot for the animals in danger. Still many people in the world don't know much about the importance of animal protecting. This summer vacation a lot of events will be organized to call on people to live in harmony with our earth.
[F]. A group of young children in a remote village in southwest China are in great need of teachers. Because of the low salary, many teachers came and then went. The villagers hope to have a teacher who can stay for at least a year, because they know knowledge can make a difference to the children's future.
以下是樂(lè)于提供幫助的人員信息介紹，請(qǐng)匹配他們與所對(duì)應(yīng)的幫助對(duì)象。
1. Stephen: Last summer I went through a training program and became a literacy volunteer. When I began to discover what other people's lives were like because they could not read, I realized the true importance of reading.
2. Ben: After graduation, I don't want to apply for a job at once Instead, I plan to spare one year to help those who need help most and try my best to improve their lives. You know, education is essential to poverty relief and at the same time I'll get valuable experience for my future career.
3. Susan: I'm a girl from England and has studied French for years. I'm here in Beijing University studying Chinese. I like China as it is full of mysteries. So I hope the voluntary work will help me to get in touch with Chinese people and get to know about China. Although my study is busy, I can be free at night and at the weekends.
4. Tim: Since I myself have overcome a lot of difficulties in my life, I understand young people's problems and I know how to listen patiently to others and offer some advice. I'm working now in the daytime so I can only spend two to three hours a day at night to help others.
5. Lisa: I burst into tears when I saw those children in a TV programme. What a sight. They have only bone and skin left. What's worse, every day the children are dying because of lack of food. I realized how lucky I am with enough food and a good chance to get education. The summer vacation is coming and I hope I can do something for them.
[答案] 求助者——提供幫助的人
1. C 關(guān)鍵詞：she doesn’t knohich bus to take; she does not knoords; they could not read。
2. F 關(guān)鍵詞：in great need of teacher; knowledge; education。
3. A 關(guān)鍵詞：They need someone who can teach them foreign languages; at night; volunteer work; know about China。
4. B 關(guān)鍵詞：addicted to on-line games; realizes he is wrong; can’t stop; need help; listen patiently; offer some advice。
5. D 關(guān)鍵詞：the starving children; the children are dying because of lack of food。
4寫作訓(xùn)練
閱讀下面的短，然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語(yǔ)短。
What ls the Best Preparation for Life?
Some people say that the best preparation for life is learning to work with others and be cooperative. In life we are faced with many types of situations. Each situation requires us to behave in different ways. In school or work we may be faced with a large project which demands the cooperation of many individuals. In this instance, each person must be flexible, supportive and be willing to compromise because he is only a small part of a much larger machine.
Others take the opposite view and say that learning to be competitive is the be preparation. Being competitive also has a place in life. The desire to succeed arid better than others will motivate us to work hard on the job and study diligently school. But competition has its limits.
[寫作內(nèi)容]
1．以約30個(gè)詞概括短的要點(diǎn)；
2．然后以約120個(gè)詞就“人生最好的準(zhǔn)備”這個(gè)主題發(fā)表你的看法，至少包括以下的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：
a)我們生活在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與合作共生共存的時(shí)代，要與人相容(compatible)，合作共處；
b)今天的事業(yè)是集體的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，與他人相容，善于合作的人成功機(jī)會(huì)更大；
c)你對(duì)此有什么看法，為什么?
[寫作要求]
你可以使用實(shí)例或其他論述方法支持你的論點(diǎn)，也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容但不能抄襲閱讀材料中的句子。
[評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)]
概括準(zhǔn)確、語(yǔ)言規(guī)范、內(nèi)容合適、篇連貫。
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答案
There are almost two opinions about preparation for life. One is learning to work and cooperate with others. The other is to compete because the desire to succeed and do better than others motivates to work hard.
We are living in the age of competition, cooperation and coexistence, so we should be compatible and cooperative with others. The business today is a collective competition, where some people are compatible with others. Those who work in closer cooperation with the other people can have a larger opportunity to succeed in the end.
Similarly, students' learning goals may be structured to promote cooperative, competitive, or individualistic efforts. In cooperation, students work against each other to achieve a goal. In competition there is a negative interdependence among goal achievements.
So I think too much desire to compete with others may become selfish and destructive. In order to succeed in life, we must learn to be both cooperative and competitive. The most important thing to learn in life is to knohen tobe cooperative and when to be competitive.
本文來(lái)自：逍遙右腦記憶 http://yy-art.cn/gaoyi/38929.html
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