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中學(xué)英語語法網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖全集
中學(xué)英語語法網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖
一.名詞
I. 名詞的種類:
專有名詞 普通名詞
國名.地名.人名,
團(tuán)體.機(jī)構(gòu)名稱 可數(shù)名詞 不可數(shù)名詞
個(gè)體名詞 集體名詞 抽象名詞 物質(zhì)名詞
II. 名詞的數(shù):
1. 規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式:
名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,一般在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es,F(xiàn)將構(gòu)成方法與讀音規(guī)則列表如下:
規(guī)則 例詞
1 一般情況在詞尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days
2 以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加-es class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes
3 以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的詞 變-f和-fe為v再加-es leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives
加-s belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs
4 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i加-es party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities
5 以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,或?qū)S忻~以y結(jié)尾的,加-s toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys
6 以輔音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞 一般加-es hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes
不少外來詞加-s piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos
兩者皆可 zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos
7 以元音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞加-s radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos
8 以-th結(jié)尾的名詞加-s truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,
2. 不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):
英語里有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的,現(xiàn)歸納如下:
規(guī)則 例詞
1 改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式 man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice
2 單復(fù)數(shù)相同 sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin,
3 只有復(fù)數(shù)形式 ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents
4 一些集體名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù) people, police, cattle, staff
5 部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)(整體)也可以作復(fù)數(shù)(成員) audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party
6 復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別含義 customs(海關(guān)), forces(軍隊(duì)), times(時(shí)代), spirits(情緒), drinks(飲料), sands(沙灘), papers(文件報(bào)紙), manners(禮貌), looks(外表), brains(頭腦智力), greens(青菜), ruins(廢墟)
7 表示“某國人” 加-s Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans
單復(fù)數(shù)同形 Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese
以-man或-woman結(jié)尾的改為-men,-women Englishmen, Frenchwomen
8 合成名詞 將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù) sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends
無主體名詞時(shí)將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù) grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches
將兩部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù) women singers, men servants
本文來自:逍遙右腦記憶 http://www.yy-art.cn/gaozhong/191714.html
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