虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測(cè)或建議,而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣通過(guò)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來(lái)表示。下面分別介紹虛擬語(yǔ)氣在各種句式中的用法。
1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句
注意:主句中的should通常用于第一人稱(chēng),would可用于任何人稱(chēng),同時(shí)也可根據(jù)意思用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could,might等代替should,would。
1)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反:
If I were you,I should stay at home.
If the peasants could farm the land themselves,food production would be much higher.
If fewer cash crops were grown,more food could be produced and there would be less or no starvation.
2)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反:
If you had come yesterday,you would have met him.
If the hurricane had happened during the daytime,there would have been many deaths.
3)表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反:If you came tomorrow,we would have the meeting.
If it were to/should rain tomorrow,the meeting would be put off.
If it should rain,the crops would be saved.
4)當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí),動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間來(lái)調(diào)整。例如:If you had followed the doctor's advice,you would be quite all right now.(從句說(shuō)的是過(guò)去,主句指的是現(xiàn)在。)
5)以上句型可以轉(zhuǎn)換成下列形式:①?gòu)木涫÷詉f,用倒裝句式"were,had,should 主語(yǔ)"。例如:Were I in school again,I would work harder. Had you been here earlier,you would have seen him. Should there be a meeting tomorrow,I would come.②用介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句。例如:Without air, there would be no living things. I would not have succeeded but for your help.
 

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