虛擬語(yǔ)氣(Subjunctive Mood)這一語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目是各類(lèi)英語(yǔ)考試中心測(cè)試的重點(diǎn)之一。虛擬語(yǔ)氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式，用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的話并不是事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑或推測(cè)。判斷是真實(shí)條件句還是非真實(shí)條件句。只有在非真實(shí)條件句中才使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。通過(guò)句子意思，看假設(shè)的條件是否能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)是真實(shí)條件句，不能使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；假設(shè)的條件不能實(shí)現(xiàn)則是非真實(shí)條件句，要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣.判斷這個(gè)假設(shè)是與哪個(gè)事實(shí)相反。通常有三種情況：①與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。②與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。③與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反
I: 最基本的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句型:
1. 虛擬現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，其if 從句的謂語(yǔ)形式用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might 動(dòng)詞原形。If places were a like, there would be little need for geographers.如果各個(gè)地方都一樣，就不需要地理學(xué)家了。
2. 虛擬過(guò)去時(shí)是表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，if 從句的謂語(yǔ)形式用過(guò)去完成時(shí)即had＋過(guò)去分詞，主句用would / should / could / might have 過(guò)去分詞。If he had known your address yesterday,he would have telephoned you.
3. 虛擬將來(lái)時(shí)是表示對(duì)將來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很小的或不確定的假設(shè)。If從句的謂語(yǔ)形式用一般過(guò)去式或用were to / should 動(dòng)詞原形，主句用would / should/could/ might 動(dòng)詞原形。If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday
4. 省略if 采用倒裝語(yǔ)序的條件句。有時(shí)可以把含有助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、be或have的虛擬條件句中的連詞if省去，而將had , should, were 等詞提到主語(yǔ)之前，即用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams.Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.Were I in your place, I wouldn’t do that.

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