賓語從句
復習內(nèi)容：賓語從句考點歸納
復習目標：
1．掌握引導賓語從句的各種連詞
2．掌握賓語從句的語序──主句+連接詞+主語+謂語
3．掌握賓語從句，主句與從句在時態(tài)上的呼應。
重點：語序和時態(tài)呼應
難點：語序和時態(tài)呼應；與疑問詞+不定式的轉(zhuǎn)化；與狀語從句的辨析
考點梳理：
一、賓語從句的連接詞
1．連詞that，只起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，也無詞匯意義，在口語中常被省略。
eg. He knew （that） he should work hard.
2．連詞if 、whether，它們起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口語中多用if。
eg. Tom don't know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.
He asked me whether or not I was coming.
一般情況下，if 和whether可以互換，但以下3種情況只能用whether：
①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided.
②在介詞前：It depends on（依靠） whether it is going to rain.
③與or not連用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.
3．連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which，連接副詞when, where, why, how， 它們起連接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意義。
eg. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.
I wonder where he got so much money.
【注意】
1．由連接代、副詞引導的賓語從句可以和“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化。
eg. I don't know how I should do with the presents. ==> I don't know how to do with the presents.
2．要注意區(qū)分判斷由if、when引導的從句類型.
二、賓語從句的語序
賓語從句的語序是陳述語序，即“連接詞+主語+謂語+其它成分”。特別強調(diào)：它的主語和謂語的語序是陳述語序，而不是疑問句的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
Can you tell me who（m） do we have to see?（?）
Can you tell me who（m） we have to see?（ √）
The teacher asked the students what they were doing.（思考: what在從句中的成分）
陳述句變?yōu)橘e語從句時,要注意人稱和時態(tài)的變化,語序不變。 eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.” → She said she would leave a message on the desk.
一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句時,也要注意人稱和時態(tài)的變化,后面接陳述語序。Eg. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him. → I asked him where the tickets are.
三、賓語從句的時態(tài)呼應
賓語從句中謂語動詞的時態(tài)，常常受到主句謂語時態(tài)的制約，此為時態(tài)呼應。如果主句謂語是一般現(xiàn)在時或?qū)r，從句謂語的時態(tài)不受限制；如果主句謂語的時態(tài)是一般過去時，從句一般要隨著改為相應的過去時態(tài)（一般過去時、過去進行時、過去將時、過去完成時）。
eg. I thought （that） you are free today. （?）
I thought （that） you would be free today. （ √）
【注意】當賓語從句敘述的是客觀真理時，不管主句謂語的時態(tài)如何，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時。
eg. The teacher told us （that） the earth moves around the sun.
四．其他需要說明的問題
1．標點由主句決定，如主句是陳述句、祈使句，則用句號；是疑問句則用問號。
eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall. Can you tell me which bus I should take?
2．要注意個別句子中主從句人稱的一致。
▲五．賓語從句和狀語從句的區(qū)分
eg. 1） I will go out tomorrow if it is fine.
2） I don't know if the train has arrived.
句1）中if引導的是狀語從句。這個從句表示“條”，修飾主句。整個句子的意思是如果明天天氣好，我就出去。句2）中if引導的是賓語從句，充當謂語動詞don't know的賓語。整個句子的意思是我不知道火車是否到達。
判斷方法：
1．可以從整個句式看。狀語從句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（個別除外），賓語從句只能放在主句謂語動詞之后。
2．從引導詞看。if充當賓語從句的連接詞時，相當于whether， 詞義為“是否”，充當狀語從句的連接詞時，詞義為“如果”。when充當賓語從句的連接詞時，意為“什么時候”，充當狀語從句的連接詞時，意為“當……的時候”。
3．從時態(tài)看。if和when作連接詞時，引導賓語從句要注意：從句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)應根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)作相應的變化。if和when充當從屬連詞時，引導條和時間狀語從句，若主句的謂語動詞用一般將時，則從句的時態(tài)應用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將。
【外鞏固】
1．《中考捷徑》第21講，內(nèi)練習選擇題，3，4，5，6，7，11，12，第41講例題、內(nèi)練習，外練習三。
2．《復習導引》26頁第3大題，27頁第4大題，28頁第5大題1，2，3，4，5
同步檢測
一、用合適的連接詞填空
1. Wang Hai told me _____ he didn't go cycling yesterday afternoon.（how, why）
2. Can you tell me ______ else is going to be on duty today?（who, whom）
3. She said _____ it wouldn't matter much.（that, if）
4. He always thinks ______ he can do better.（how, who）
5. I really don't know ________ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）
6. They don't know _______ we are going hiking.
7. She wanted to know _______ her coat would be ready the next day.
8. I was really surprised at ______ I sa
9. I don't know ______ so many people crowding round him
10. Do you know ______ shirt it is?
二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換
1. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.（改為賓語從句） →
Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________.
2. What does he do? Do you know? （改為賓語從句）→
Do you know _______ he _______?
3. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. （改為賓語從句） →
He asked the boys _______ they ______ fried chicken.
4. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't kno （改為賓語從句）→
I don't know _______ the watch _______ made in Shanghai.
5. “Do you want to try something new?” Tom's mother asked him. （同義句）→
Tom's mother asked him _______ _______ _______ to try something ne
6. I think this is a good idea.（改為否定句） →
I _______ ________ this ________ a good idea.
7. Lucy hasn't decided which trousers to buy.（改為復合句） →
Lucy hasn't decided ________ _________ ________ _______ buy.
8. I don't know how I can get to the hospital.（改為簡單句） →
I don't know ________ ________ ________ to the hospital.
三、選擇題
1. I don't know _____ he will be back home.
A. who B. what C. when D. where
2. Could you tell me ___________?
A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for
C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in
3. Do you still remember _______?
A. that he said B. what he said C. did he say that D. what did he say
4. I can't understand ______the boy alone.
A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left
5. She told me the sun ______ in the east.
A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen
6. They tried to find out ______ the new train ________.
A. how far/ had gone B. how long/ has gone
C. how far/ went D. how far had/ run
7. The manager came up to see __________.
A. what was the matter B. what the matter was
C. what the matter is D. what's the matter
8. Can you tell me ___________?
A. where are you doing B. where do you study
C. where you were doing D. where yu study
9. I can't understand _______ the boy alone.
A. why she let B. why did she leave C. why had she left D. why she had left
10. He asked his father _______.
A. where it happens B. where did it happen
C. how it happened D. how did it happen
11. No one tells us______, so we need your help.
A. hoe should do B. what should we do
C. how to do it D. what to do it
12. Could you please teach me _______ the computer.
A. how check B. to check C. how to check D. to how checking
13. _______ he'll come or not isn't important.
A. Why B. If C. Whether D. What
14. Would you like to know _______they will do it or not.
A. if B. that C. whether D. why
15. ─Where do you think _____ he ____ the TV set? ─ Sorry, I've no idea.
A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought
16. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _____ it would be like in _____ five years.
A. how, another B. what, more C. how , other D. what, another
17. ─ Could you tell me ______? ─ Yes. He ____ to the USA.
A. where is he/ has been B. where he is/ has gone
C. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone
18. ─ike wants to know if ____ a picnic tomorro
─Yes. But if it _______, we'll visit the museum instead.
A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rain
C. you will have/ rains D. will you have/ rains
19. I don't know if he ______tomorro If he ________, I'll meet him.
A. will come/ comes B. comes/ comes C. will come/ will come D. comes/ will come
20. I really don't know if she _______ it when she ________.
A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives
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