【—過去完成時】過去完成時是表示過去的過去，通常是用had +過去分詞構(gòu)成了它基本的結(jié)構(gòu)。
1）概念：表示過去的過去，其構(gòu)成是had +過去分詞構(gòu)成。
2）用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 狀語從句
在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3)過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
典型例題
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把書忘在辦公室"發(fā)生在"去取書"這一過去的動作之前，因此"忘了書"這一動作發(fā)生在過去的過去，用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點，表示在"同學(xué)們正忙于……"這一背景下，when所引導(dǎo)的動作發(fā)生。因此前一句應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時。
注意：
had no … when 還沒等…… 就……
had no sooner… than 剛…… 就……
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
這一章對過去完成時，介紹的還是相當(dāng)?shù)娜娴�，不論是含義還是用法都有介紹，包括典型例題的解答。
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