初中英語知識點(diǎn):實(shí)義動詞的過去分詞

編輯: 逍遙路 關(guān)鍵詞: 初中英語 來源: 高中學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
過去分詞的用法也有兩個特點(diǎn):一是表示完成,二是表示被動。

實(shí)意動詞過去分詞變化規(guī)律和他的過去式變化規(guī)律幾乎是一樣的:
①一般情況直接加ed,如ask—asked,work—worked
②以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾,只加d,如love—loved,dance—danced
③以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾,把y變?yōu)閕ed,如try—tried,study—studied
④以一個元音字母和一個輔音結(jié)尾的重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞,先雙寫末尾一個字母,再加ed,
如stop—stopped,permit—permitted
注意:以l結(jié)尾的動詞,尾音節(jié)重讀時,雙寫l,如control—controlled,尾音節(jié)不重讀時,雙不雙寫都可以,如travel—traveled/traveled。
特例:picnic—picnicked,另外還有很多動詞的過去分詞是不合乎上述規(guī)則的,需熟記。

實(shí)意動詞過去式與過去分詞的區(qū)別:
過去式是發(fā)生過的事;
過去分詞形式是發(fā)生了并且對現(xiàn)在造成影響的事 。

過去式是用來作謂語的
過去分詞用于完成時結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語。

另外,在兩者的形式也有所差異,有的過去式和過去分詞一樣 ,有的不一樣 .
比如:
begin began begun 就不一樣
teach taught taught 就一樣
用的時候一定要分清



過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu):
1. 過去分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)
過去分詞有時可有其獨(dú)立主語,二者構(gòu)成一種獨(dú)立分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。過去分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)多用于書面語中,常用作狀語,用來表示時間、條件、原因、伴隨情況等。如:
He rushed into the room,his face covered with sweat.
他滿臉是汗跑進(jìn)屋來。(表伴隨)
This done,we went home.
做完此事,我們就回家了。(表時間)
All our savings gone,the couple started looking for jobs.
積蓄全部用完了,這對夫妻就開始找工作。(表原因)
That point settled,the speaker went on to the next one.
那個問題講完了,演講人繼續(xù)講下一個問題。(表時間)
2. with/without+賓語+過去分詞表示伴隨情況的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)
With everything taken into consideration,we all think this is a very good plan.
每件事都考慮到了,我們都認(rèn)為這是一項(xiàng)不錯的計(jì)劃。
With different methods used,different results are obtained.
采用不同的方法,得到不同的結(jié)果。
She went angrily away without a word spoken.
她一個字也沒說,就生氣地走了。
3. 過去分詞(短語)作賓語補(bǔ)足語
(1) 過去分詞(短語)在感官動詞和使役動詞等之后作賓語補(bǔ)足語,這些詞語有: have 讓,使 keep 使處于某狀態(tài) get 使得
see 看見 hear 聽見 find 發(fā)現(xiàn)
feel 感覺到 leave 使處于某狀態(tài) make 使
want 想要 start 引起 notice 注意
observe 觀察 watch 注視 set 使處于某狀態(tài)
如:
The work left him exhausted.
這個活使得他筋疲力盡。
The doorkeeper heard the chain and bolts withdrawn.
看門人聽見門上的鏈和拴被拉開了。
The tenant found the house renovated.
房客看到房子已整修過了。
It’s better to leave some things unsaid.
有些事倒是不說的好。
I don’t want my name linked with him.
我不要把我的名字和他聯(lián)系在一起。
The person concerned should like this matter settled immediately.
當(dāng)事人希望此事立刻得到解決。
(2)過去分詞(短語)在使役動詞get或have之后作賓語補(bǔ)足語,表示的動作往往是由別人完成的。如:
I had my car repaired
我把我的車修好了。(別人修的)
I had my hair cut
我理發(fā)了。(別人給我理的)
We must get the television set repaired
我們必須把電視機(jī)修好。(被別人修)
He had his window broken to pieces.
他的窗戶給打破了。(被他人打破)

初中英語不規(guī)則動詞過去式、過去分詞表:
(1)AAA型(動詞原形、過去式、過去分詞同形)
cost(花費(fèi))costcost
cut(割)cut cut
spit spit/spat spit/ spat(英)
hit(打)hit hit
hurt 傷害)hurthurt
let(讓) let let
put(放) put put
read (讀)read read

(2) AAB型(動詞原形與過去式同形)
beat(跳動) beat beaten

(3) ABA型(動詞原形與過去分詞同形)
become(變成) became become
awake awoke awoken
come(來) came come
run(跑) ran run

(4) ABB型(過去式與過去分詞同形)
dig(挖) dug dug build built built
get(得到) got got/gotten catch caught caught
hang(吊死) hanged hanged deal dealt dealt
hang(懸掛) hung hung feed fed fed
hold(抓。 held held find found found
shine(照耀) shone shone sit(坐) sat sat
pay paid paid win (贏) won won
send sent sent meet(遇見) met met
shoot shot shot keep (保持) kept kept
tell told told sleep(睡) slept slept
win won won sweep(掃) swept swept
feel(感覺) felt felt smell(聞) smelt/smelled smelt/ smelled
leave(離開) left left build(建設(shè)) built built
lend(借出) lent lent send (傳送) sent sent
spend(花費(fèi)) spent spent lose (丟失) lost lost
burn (燃燒) burnt burnt learn(學(xué)習(xí)) learnt learnt
mean(意思是) meant meant catch(抓住) caught caught
teach(教) taught taught bring(帶來) brought brought
fight (戰(zhàn)斗) fought fought buy(買) bought bought
think(想) thought thought hear (聽見) heard heard
sell(賣) sold sold tell(告訴) told told
say(說) said said find(找到) found found
have/has(有) had had make(制造) made made
stand(站) stood stood understand明白u(yù)nderstood understood

(5) ABC型(動詞原形、過去式與過去分詞三者不同形)
begin(開始) began begun take(取) took taken
drink(喝) drank drunk mistake(弄錯) mistook mistaken
ring(鈴響) rang rung ride(騎) rode ridden
sing (唱) sang sung do(做) did done
swim(游泳) swam swum write(寫) wrote written
blow(吹) blew blown go(去)went gone
draw (畫) drew drawn lie(平躺) lay lain
fly(飛) flew flown see(看見) saw seen
grow(生長) grew grown wear (穿) wore worn
know(知道) knew known be ( am, is, are )(是)was, were been
throw(投擲) threw thrown show(出示) showed shown
break(打破) broke broken choose(選擇) chose chosen
forget(忘記) forgot forgotten (forgot) bear bore borne/born
speak(說,講) spoke spoken draw drew drawn
wake(醒) woke woken dream dreamt/ dreamed dreamt/ dreamed
drive(駕駛) drove driven hide hid hidden
eat(吃) ate eaten lay laid laid 放置
fall(落下) fell fallen lie lied lied 撒謊
give(給) gave given lie lay lain 躺
rise(升高) rose risen see saw seen
shake shook shaken steal stole stolen
can----could may---might will---would shall---should
must----must

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