詞匯導(dǎo)練
1．The professor came into the lecture hall，____________ (陪伴)by some assistants.
2．His newly bought mobile phone is equipped with two ____________ (電池)，which may save a lot of time.
3．Gas is one of the modern ________ (便利)the newly built apartment building provides.
4. His busy work didn’t prevent him from going to see his colleagues before the Spring Festival____________(親自)．
5．As middle school students，you should make your plans for studies with ____________ (謹(jǐn)慎)，otherwise a lot of time would be wasted.
6．I didn’t know the fact that the recorder player used to be w____________by hand until I learned the history of TV and audio devices.
7．To the d____________of his parents，he has made a full recovery.
8．The new technology was a____________to farming.
9．When will the football game be b____________live on TV?
10．This computer is s____________ to the one you bought last year，and they are almost the same.
11．She d____________ an immediate explantion.
12．My mother doesn’t like me wearing short skirts to church－she doesn’t think they’re____________(suit)．
1．a(chǎn)ccompanied 2.batteries 3.conveniences 4.personally 5.caution 6.wound 7.delight 8.applied 9.broadcast
10．similar 11.demanded 12.suitable
短語匯集
1．________________ 在過去幾十年里
2．________________ 上市，面市
3．________________ 有史以來第一次
4．________________ 給人民生活帶來極大的方便
5．________________ 誤拿了你的傘
6．________________ 未必，不一定
7．________________ 目前；暫時
8．________________ 熟悉某事
9．________________ 被暴露在……之下
10．________________ 向那家公司申請一份工作
11．________________ 及時趕上……
12．________________ 負(fù)責(zé)某事
13．________________ 基于……之上
1.in the last few decades 2.come onto the market 3.for the first time ever 4.bring great convenience to people’s life 5.take your umbrella by mistake 6.not necessarily,7.for the time being 8.sb.be familiar with sth./sth.be familiar to sb. 9.be exposed to... 10.apply to the company for a job 11.in time for.../in time to do sth. 12.be responsible for sth./take the responsibility for sth.,13.be based on...
語句試譯
1．(回歸課本P2)It________more than two decades，though，until 1951，________colour broadcasts________begin in the USA.但是，直到1951年，花了20多年時間，彩色電視節(jié)目才得以在美國開播。
2．(回歸課本P3)Development of MP3 technology started in 1987 in Germany and since the beginning of 1999，the popularity of MP3 has increased to________a degree that major corporations are taking over the portable music player market with MP3 players.
德國于1987年開始研發(fā)MP3技術(shù)。自1999年初以來，MP3越來越受歡迎，因此許多大公司憑借MP3播放器占領(lǐng)了便攜式音樂播放器市場。
3．(回歸課本P14)It was found that people who used mobile phones were________ ________ ________likely to have a brain tumour on the side of the head where they held their phones________people who did not use them.
人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，使用手機(jī)的人頭部一側(cè)接觸話機(jī)患腦瘤的可能性是不使用手機(jī)者的兩倍半。
4．(回歸課本P14)It was found that after eighteen months，the first half had ________ ________ ________ the second half.
人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，18個月后，受輻射的老鼠患癌癥的比例是未受輻射的老鼠的兩倍多。
5．(回歸課本P8)．..but it took 50 years ________66 percent of USA families had it in their homes.
……但花了50年時間66%的美國家庭才得以擁有它。
1.took；for；to 2.such 3.two and a half times more；than 4.more than twice the cancer rate of 5.before
核心知識
1apply vt.& vi. 應(yīng)用，運(yùn)用；申請
(回歸課本P3)They bought the patent and applied the technology to create the transistor radio.
他們買下專利，將該技術(shù)用于生產(chǎn)晶體管收音機(jī)。
15
歸納拓展
例句探源
①The tour companies applied to be allowed to hunt some for a fee，which made a lot of money for the farmers.
旅游公司申請批準(zhǔn)有償捕獵，這樣農(nóng)民就賺到了很多錢。
②Now think of some more questions to ask people applying for these jobs.
現(xiàn)在多想一些問題來問應(yīng)聘人員。
③(朗文P83)New technology is being applied to almost every industry process.
新技術(shù)正被應(yīng)用到所有工業(yè)流程中。
④(牛津P82)We applied our minds to finding a solution to our problem.我們絞盡腦汁尋求解決問題的辦法。
1．完成句子
(1)這項(xiàng)研究成果將應(yīng)用于肺癌的治療。
The result of this research will________ ________ ________the treatment of lung cancer.
答案：be applied to
(2)我將去那家公司申請那份工作。
I will ________ ________the company ________the job.
答案：apply to；for
(3)這些規(guī)定不適用于孩子。
These rules don’t________ ________children.
答案：apply to
2.(2010年福建晉江四校聯(lián)考)After 15 years in the USA，he has finally decided to________American citizenship.
A．concentrate on B．a(chǎn)pply for
C．look out for D．a(chǎn)ppeal to
解析：選B。句意：他在美國15年以后，終于決定申請美國國籍了。apply for表示“申請”；concentrate on“集中精力于”；look out for“小心”；appeal to“呼吁，吸引”。
3.(2011年蕪湖調(diào)研)He has decided to________the bank ________loan.
A．a(chǎn)pply；to B．a(chǎn)pply to；for
C．a(chǎn)pply for；to D．a(chǎn)pply；for
解析：選B。句意：他已決定向銀行申請貸款。apply to sb.for sth.“向某人申請”……。
2demand vt & vi. 要求，需要
n． 要求，需要，所要求的事物
(回歸課本P3)．..，and in 1988，for the first time ever，people were demanding more CDs than LPs.
...，及至1988年，人們對CD唱片的需求第一次超過了LP唱片。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①But the eldest daughter demanded that he reduce the number of his soldiers to fifty.
但是他的大女兒要求他將他的衛(wèi)隊人數(shù)減少到50。
②(牛津P530)I demand to see the manager.
我堅決要求見經(jīng)理。
③(朗文P535)Some parents demand too much of their children.
有些父母對孩子的要求太高了。
④As many as 300,000 new houses were needed to meet demands this year.
需要30萬幢新房子來滿足今年的需求。
4．完成句子
(1)教師的工作需要極大的細(xì)心和耐心。
The work of a teacher________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：demands great care and patience
(2)老師要求我們下課后交上家庭作業(yè)。
The teacher demanded that we (________) ________ ________our homework after class.
答案：(should) hand in
(3) 我們非常需要書本。
We are________ ________ ________ ________the books.
答案：in great demand of
(4)對這種書的需求增加了。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
答案：There is an increased demand for the book.
(5)他要求被告知有關(guān)這件事的情況。(用2種方式翻譯)
①________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
②________ ________ ________ (________) ________ ________ ________ ________
答案：①He demanded to be told about the matter.
②He demanded he (should) be told about the matter.
3degree n． 等級；程度；學(xué)位
(回歸課本P3)．..，the popularity of MP3 has increased to such a degree that major corporations are taking over the portable music player market with MP3 players.
……，MP3受歡迎的程度高漲，各大公司便開始用MP3播放器來占領(lǐng)便攜式音樂播放器市場。
歸納拓展
to a certain degree在某種程度上
take/do a degree攻讀學(xué)位
例句探源
①Water boils at 100 ℃(100 degrees centigrade)．
水在攝氏一百度時沸騰。
②(朗文P531)To what degree is unemployment society’s fault?
失業(yè)情況達(dá)到什么程度就算是社會的過錯？
③(牛津P526)She has a degree in Biochemistry from London University.她有倫敦大學(xué)生物化學(xué)的學(xué)位。
5．完成句子
(1)她對電影的興趣到了什么程度了？
________ ________is she interested in films?
答案：To what degree
(2)他通過了考試，現(xiàn)在他有了碩士學(xué)位。
He passed the examinations and now he________ ________ ________of Master.
答案：has the degree
(3)我在某種程度上同意你的觀點(diǎn)。
I agree with you________ ________ ________.
答案：to a certain degree
4assume vt. 假設(shè)，設(shè)想，認(rèn)為
(回歸課本P5)Germany was the birthplace of MP3，not Japan or the USA as I had assumed they would be.
德國是MP3的誕生地，不是我以前所認(rèn)為的日本或美國。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves，regardless of the cold.
因此，我們有理由認(rèn)為他們不顧嚴(yán)寒就住在這些洞穴里。
②(朗文P103)It is assumed that they will eventually join the EU.
人們認(rèn)為他們最終會加入歐盟。
③(牛津P104)I had assumed him to be a Belgian.
我本以為他是比利時人。
④Assuming (that) he’s still alive，how old would he be now?
假定他還活著，現(xiàn)在有多大年紀(jì)了？
6．完成句子
(1)我認(rèn)為他是個誠實(shí)的人。
I________him___________an honest man.
答案：assumed；to be
(2)我猜想你已聽過了這個消息。
I________ ________you have heard the news.
答案：assume that
(3)假設(shè)他的話是真的，我們該怎么辦？
________(that) his word is true，what should we do?
答案：Assuming
5measure v． 測量；(比喻)估計，估量，
衡量，判定；
為(某體積、長度、容積等)；仔 細(xì)考慮
n． 測量，尺寸
(回歸課本P11)It only weighs 96 grams and measures 104×72×15 mm.
它僅重96公斤，長104 mm，寬72 mm，高15 mm。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①The doctor weighed the baby and measured its height.
大夫給嬰兒量了身長，稱了體重。
②(牛津P1251)It’s difficult to measure the success of the campaign at this stage.
在現(xiàn)階段還難以估量這場運(yùn)動的成敗。
③(朗文P1279)Measures are being taken to reduce crime in the city.
正在采取措施減少城市中的犯罪。
④You’ll need to get a suit made to measure.
你得定做一套西裝。
7．完成句子
(1)母親給我量好尺寸，好知道我穿多大號的衣服。
Mother________ ________to see what size of dress I wear.
答案：measured me
(2)裁縫依照我的尺寸為我做了一件上衣。
The tailor made a coat for me________ ________ ________.
答案：to my measure
(3)應(yīng)該采取有效措施提高工作效率。
________ ________should be taken to improve our work.
答案：Effective measures
6expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光；接觸
(回歸課本P14)This study was conducted with 200 mice，half of which were exposed to radiation while the other half did not receive any radiation.
該研究對200只老鼠進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)，其中一半接受輻射，另外一半不接受任何輻射。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
但一想到要幫助(那些)受到霍亂威脅的普通百姓，他就感到很振奮。
②(牛津P704)He did not want to expose his fears and insecurity to anyone.他不想向任何人顯露他的恐懼與不安。
③(朗文P709)Flowers will develop only if the plants are exposed to sunlight daily.
這些植物只有每天曬太陽才能開花。
8．完成句子
(1)父母不應(yīng)該讓孩子接觸暴力節(jié)目。
Parents should not________the children________violent programs.
答案：expose；to
(2)傷口暴露在外愈合得更快。
Wounds that________ to the air heal more quickly.
答案：are exposed
(3)這個膠卷已經(jīng)曝光了。
The film________ ________ ________.
答案：has been exposed
9. (2011年浙江省寧波市第一次聯(lián)考) ________to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.
A．Exposed B．Having exposed
C．Being exposed D．After being exposed
解析：選C。考查doing做主語，句意：“在陽光下暴曬這么長時間對人的皮膚有害。”主語是________to sunlight，所以選C。
7acknowledge vt. 承認(rèn)，認(rèn)可；告知已收
到；為……表示感謝
(回歸課本P15)For years，the cigarette companies would not acknowledge that cancer is associated with smoking，but now we all know that it is.
多年來，煙草公司不愿意承認(rèn)肺癌與抽煙有關(guān)，但現(xiàn)在我們都知道的確如此。
歸納拓展
acknowledge doing sth./having done sth.承認(rèn)做了某事
acknowledge sb.(sth.)as/to be承認(rèn)/認(rèn)為……是……
sb.acknowledge(s)that...某人承認(rèn)……
It is/was acknowledged that...……是大家承認(rèn)的
acknowledge one’s help感謝某人的幫助
例句探源
①It is now acknowledged by the movie industry as the most successful film series ever.
當(dāng)代電影界公認(rèn)它是有史以來最成功的電影系列。
②My son walked right past me without even acknowledging me.
兒子從我身旁走過竟連招呼都沒跟我打。
③We must acknowledge his letter.
我們必須告訴他來信已收到。
④(朗文P17)The author wishes to acknowledge the assistance of the Defense Department.
作者希望對國防部的協(xié)助表示感謝。
⑤(牛津P17)The country acknowledged his claim to the throne.
這個國家承認(rèn)了他繼承王位的權(quán)利。
答案：having made；had made
(2)人們普遍認(rèn)為紫色是高貴的顏色。
It ________ universally________that purple is a noble colour.
答案：is；acknowledged
11.The young couple wrote to Mr.Grand to________his warm reception during their visit to his farm.
A．a(chǎn)cknowledge B．update
C．consult D．a(chǎn)cquire
解析：選A。語意為：這對年輕的夫婦寫信感謝Grand先生熱情的招待。acknowledge“感謝”；update“更新”；consult“咨詢”；acquire“獲得”。
8be superior to 較高的，上級的；(數(shù)量等方面)較大的，較多的；(品質(zhì)等方面)比……杰出的，上等的；不向……屈服的，超越……的
(回歸課本P2)Some consider digital TV to be superior to satellite TV...
有些人認(rèn)為數(shù)字電視要比衛(wèi)星電視好……
歸納拓展
be superior/inferior to...in sth.在某方面優(yōu)于/劣于……
superior表示“比較”，后用to，不用than，superior無比較級
rise superior to不受……的影響，不為……所動
have no superior in在……方面沒有優(yōu)于……的人
superiority n.優(yōu)秀，優(yōu)越
溫馨提示
在be superior to中，to不能換成than.superior本身就帶有比較含義。
例句探源
①This western restaurant is superior to the one we went to last week.
這家西餐館比我們上星期去的那一家好。
②(牛津P2027)This model is technically superior to its competitors.
這一款式在技術(shù)上超過了與之競爭的產(chǎn)品。
③(朗文P2069)She always acts so superior to everyone else.
她總是表現(xiàn)得比別人優(yōu)越。
12．翻譯句子
(1)在這方面沒人能勝得過他。
_______________________________________________________________
答案：He has no superior in this respect.
13．(2010年湖南領(lǐng)航卷)?Do you know the 3G mobile phone will come into the market soon?
?Really？It is said to be superior________any other mobile.I can’t wait to buy________.
A．to；one B．than；one
C．to；it D．than；it
解析：選A。句意：“??你知道嗎？3G手機(jī)很快就進(jìn)入市場了。??真的嗎？據(jù)說它比其它手機(jī)性能要好得多，我迫不及待地要買一個。”be superior to...比……杰出的，優(yōu)越的；one指代mobile。
9a variety of 多種多樣的
(回歸課本P5)．..，people would be able to choose what to watch from a variety of 200 different channels because of cable TV.由于有線電視，人們能從200個多種多樣的頻道中來選擇看什么。
歸納拓展
vary vt.改變，使多樣化；vi.變化，不同
various adj.不同的，各種的；多方面的；許多的；雜色的
近義詞diverse adj.強(qiáng)調(diào)多樣的
varied各種各樣的，種類不同的
vary greatly/enormously大不相同
vary in price/quality價格/質(zhì)量不同
例句探源
①These new parks have a variety of things to see and do.
這些新的公園里有各種各樣可看可玩的東西。
②(朗文P2273)For a variety of reasons，our team will not be participating.由于種種原因，我們隊將不參加比賽。
③(牛津P2232)There’s a wide variety of patterns to choose from.
有種類繁多的圖案可供選擇。
14．完成句子
(1)Human IQs________from under 50 to over 200.
答案：vary
(2)We have quite a ________of pictorial story books.
答案：variety
(3)They are the people from________cultures.
答案：varied
15．翻譯句子
每個老師的方法都大不相同。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Teaching methods vary greatly from teacher to teacher.
10be familiar with 對……熟悉；通曉
(回歸課本P9)I don’t think you will have any difficulty using it even if you are not familiar with digital cameras.
我想即便你不熟悉數(shù)碼相機(jī)，你使用它也不會有任何困難。
歸納拓展
be familiar to...為……所熟悉
look/sound familiar (to sb.)看起來/聽起來熟悉
unfamiliar不熟悉的
例句探源
①Its topics can be different from a diary，often including people，things，and events less familiar to the readers.
它的話題可能與日記的不同，常包含讀者所不熟知的人物、事物和事件。
②(牛津P724)Are you familiar with the computer software they use？你熟悉他們使用的計算機(jī)軟件嗎？
③(朗文P732)Your face looks familiar to me.
我覺得你看起來面熟。
16．一句多譯
我不熟悉他的名字。
______________________________________________________________________________
答案：I’m not familiar with his name.
His name is not familiar to me.
17.She looks very________but I can’t remember her name.
A．familiar B．similar
C．known D．a(chǎn)like
解析：選A。句意：她看起來很面熟，但我記不起她的名字了。familiar熟悉的，常見的；similar相似的；known已知的，眾所周知的；alike相像的。
11be based on 以……為基礎(chǔ)
(回歸課本P14)The report is based on the findings of research that was carried out in Sweden，comparing 1,617 patients found to have brain tumours (cancer) between 1997 and 2003 with the same number of healthy people.
這個報告是以一個研究結(jié)果為根據(jù)的，這個研究是在1997年至2003年間在瑞典進(jìn)行的，對1617名腦癌患者和同等數(shù)量的健康人進(jìn)行了比對。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①The book is based on a true story.
這本書是以一個真實(shí)的故事為原型的。
②(朗文P140)Discrimination based on race or sex is forbidden by law.
種族和性別上的歧視是法律所禁止的。
③(牛津P146)They decided to base the new company in York.
他們決定將新成立的公司總部設(shè)在約克鎮(zhèn)。
18．完成句子
(1)這支歌源于一首古老的民歌。
This song________ ________ ________an old folk song.
答案：is based on
(2)意見應(yīng)以事實(shí)為根據(jù)。
One should always________one’s opinions________facts.
答案：base；on
(3)What are you________this theory________(以……為根據(jù))?
答案：basing；on
(4)The company’s headquarter________ ________ ________(把……設(shè)在……)Paris.
答案：was based in
19.The film________on a book written by Jack London is well worth________.
A．basing；seeing
B．based；being seen
C．to be based；to see
D．based；seeing
解析：選D。句意：以杰克?倫敦所寫的一本書為根據(jù)的那部電影很值得看。based on 以……為根據(jù)作定語修飾the film；be worth doing...值得做……。
句型解析
1【教材原句】 It was found that after eighteen months，the first half had more_than_twice_the_cancer_rate_of the second half.(P14)
人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，18個月后，受輻射的老鼠患癌癥的比例是未受輻射的老鼠的兩倍多。
【句法分析】 該句使用了倍數(shù)表達(dá)法之一即“倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞(size，length，width)of＋其他”。
倍數(shù)表達(dá)的句型：
(1)A＋謂語動詞＋倍數(shù)＋as＋形容詞的原級＋as＋B
(2)A＋謂語動詞＋倍數(shù)＋比較級＋than＋B
(3)A＋謂語動詞＋倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞(size，length，width，price，height...)＋of＋B
20.(2009年高考遼寧卷)Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s，but it cost________his.
A．a(chǎn)s much twice as B．twice as much as
C．much as twice as D．a(chǎn)s twice much as
解析：選B�？疾楸稊�(shù)表達(dá)法。B項(xiàng)為固定的倍數(shù)表達(dá)法，即“倍數(shù)＋as＋adj./adv.＋as＋比較對象”結(jié)構(gòu)。
21.(2009年高考四川卷)My uncle’s house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours，but it is twice________expensive.
A．a(chǎn)s B．so
C．too D．very
解析：選A�？疾楸稊�(shù)句型及其省略。這里是倍數(shù)句型：倍數(shù)＋as＋adj./adv.＋as。這里省略了as ours。
22．Ten years ago the population of our village was________that of theirs.
A．a(chǎn)s twice large as B．twice as large as
C．twice as much as D．a(chǎn)s twice much as
解析：選B�？疾楸稊�(shù)表達(dá)法。倍數(shù)句型主要有以下三種：
(1)A is...times as＋adj.＋as B；
(2)A is...times the size/length/width/height/depth，etc.＋of B；
(3)A is...times＋adj.比較級＋than B；
由題干可知本題是第一種句型，又由于population應(yīng)用large修飾，而不能用much修飾。
23.I collected________he did for the Hope Project the day before yesterday.
A．three times as many money as
B．three times much money than
C．three times more money than
D．three times much more money
解析：選C�？疾楸稊�(shù)的用法。語意：前天我給希望工程募集的錢比他的多三倍。這里用倍數(shù)＋more＋名詞＋than句型，這里more是much的比較級，修飾不可數(shù)名詞money。
24．A study of more than 18,000 Chinese men suggests that green tea drinkers are________to develop stomach cancer as those who drink little or no tea.
A．half as likely B．likely half as
C．likely as half D．a(chǎn)s half likely
解析：選A�？疾楸稊�(shù)表達(dá)法。表示事物對比時，可用“倍數(shù)＋as＋形容詞/副詞原級＋as＋比較對象”。只有A項(xiàng)正確。
2【教材原句】 ...but it took 50 years before 66 percent of USA families had it in their homes.(P8)
……但花了50年時間66%的美國家庭才得以擁有它。
【句法分析】 before在此譯為“……才……”。
before的譯法靈活，具體如下：
(1)趁……還沒，以免
①Write down the telephone number before you forget it.
趁你還沒忘記，把電話號碼記下來。
(2)……才
②He had walked for a whole day before he found water.
他走了一整天才找到水。
(3)……就
③I had not waited long before he came back.
我沒等多久他就回來了。
(4)在……前
④He had learned some Chinese before he came to China.
他來華之前，學(xué)過一些漢語。
(5)用在It is/was/will be＋一段時間＋before，“才……”或“就……”。
⑤It was not long before he left for the United States.
不久他就去美國了。
⑥It will be four years before we meet again.
四年后我們才能見面。
25．(2010年石家莊高中畢業(yè)班質(zhì)檢)A taxi driver saw a man luckily escape from the building just________it went up in flames.
A．unless B．until
C．before D．a(chǎn)fter
解析：選C。考查狀語從句連接詞的用法。before在這里引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示“在……之前”。句意：一位出租車司機(jī)看到一個男子在大樓起火之前幸運(yùn)地逃了出來。
26.(2010年安徽皖南八校聯(lián)考)The American Civil War lasted four years__________the North won in the end.
A．a(chǎn)fter B．before
C．when D．then
解析：選B�？疾闀r間狀語從句。句意：美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)持續(xù)了四年最后以北方勝利才結(jié)束。由句意知B項(xiàng)為正確答案。
27．?How long do you suppose it is________he arrives here?
?Nearly five weeks.
A．when B．since
C．a(chǎn)fter D．before
解析：選B。問句句意：你猜他來這兒已經(jīng)多久了？It is＋一段時間＋since...表示“……以來多久了”，主句時態(tài)可以是完成時或現(xiàn)在時。It is...when...表示“當(dāng)……的時間，……”；after...表示“……以后”；before...表示“在……之前”，都與題意不符。
28．?It’s a long time________I saw you last.
?Yes，and what a pity！It will be a long time________we see each other again.
A．since；before B．when；when
C．since；when D．before；since
解析：選A。It’s/It has been＋一段時間＋since...；It is/was＋具體時間點(diǎn)＋when...；It will be/was＋一段時間＋before...；It is/was＋時間狀語＋that...是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。由這幾種固定句型的構(gòu)成不難看出只有A項(xiàng)正確。
29.(2009年上海交大附中檢測)The police helicopter managed to land on the roof and rescued all the people__________the fire burnt up to the top of the building.
A．a(chǎn)fter B．before
C．until D．while
解析：選B。警察的直升機(jī)成功地在樓頂著陸，在大火還沒燒到頂樓前將所有遇險人員全部救出。根據(jù)句意可知B為正確答案。
作文指導(dǎo)
提綱式作文
【體裁導(dǎo)航】
提綱式寫作也是情景作文的一種，是通過給出段落提綱或者給出關(guān)鍵詞語、短語等提示的一種“引領(lǐng)”性的寫作。
無論是英語的段落主旨句、提綱提示，還是漢語的詞組或短語等引導(dǎo)寫作思路，進(jìn)行習(xí)作時，畢竟減少了審題環(huán)節(jié)，也不用謀篇布局、重組語序,所以，在寫作練習(xí)的初級階段，這種習(xí)作形式尤其受到師生的歡迎。
做這類寫作題要特別注意以下三點(diǎn)：
1．要按照所提供的“綱”的思路而寫；
2．要考慮提供的各“點(diǎn)”之間該用什么樣的連接詞、連接句，以及上下句之間的關(guān)系；
3．看有無題目要求，有無詞數(shù)限制，有無邏輯悖理現(xiàn)象(觀點(diǎn)不要悖理或前后矛盾)。
總之，能做到循“綱”蹈“句”、“綱舉目張”，此類寫作便能順利完成。
【寫作示例】
學(xué)校即將舉行以“Turning a bad mood(心情)into a good one”為題目的英語作文比賽，請按下列要求寫一篇120～150詞的記敘文或議論文。
【寫作要領(lǐng)】
一、審題
1．體裁：題目中已明確給出可以寫記敘文也可以寫議論文。
2．時態(tài)和人稱：如果寫記敘文，應(yīng)是結(jié)合過去發(fā)生的事件來說明怎樣有一個好的心情，所以應(yīng)用過去時態(tài)和第一人稱。如果寫議論文，則應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)和第三人稱。
二、謀篇
1．記敘文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為：
Para.1：描述過去發(fā)生的一件令人心情不好的事情以及由此產(chǎn)生的不良情緒。
Para.2：講述如何從壞心情轉(zhuǎn)至好心情的。
2．議論文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)為：
Para.1：提出問題：好心情的重要性。
Para.2：分析問題：產(chǎn)生壞心情的原因。
Para.3：解決問題：調(diào)整心情的方法。
三、注意事項(xiàng)
提綱作文雖然給出了寫作的要點(diǎn)，但要點(diǎn)非常簡略，因而還需要對要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行豐富和拓展。
【范文點(diǎn)評】
Turning a bad mood into a good one
①At the end of the last semester，I got a C in the English examination.②When I knew the result，I couldn’t hold back my tears.③My mood was terrible and I thought the world was coming to an end.④I feared to see my English teacher and I thought my classmates would laught at me.⑤My parents weren’t satisfied with me and maybe they would scold me.⑥So I even wanted to leave my school and family.
⑦But after a while，I found I was wrong for I came to realize “Failure is the mother of success”．⑧What I should do was to find the reason why I got so bad a result.⑨And I thought this was a lesson to me and it helped me to find my shortcomings.⑩Maybe it could help me to improve my English.?So my bad mood turned into a good one.
1．文章標(biāo)題，不要遺漏
本段為造成心情不佳的事件以及造成的影響，具體如下：
(1)①言簡意賅地點(diǎn)明導(dǎo)致心情不佳的事件。
(2)②③為具體心情不佳的表現(xiàn)。
(3)④⑤為導(dǎo)致心情不佳的心理原因。
(4)⑥為心情不佳造成的影響??想離家(學(xué)校)出走。
(5)綜上所述，整個事件的敘述娓娓道來，語意連貫，步步深入。
2．本段為“我的心情是如何由壞變好的”。具體過程如下：
意識到“失敗是成功之母”??自我反省??吸取教訓(xùn)??提升英語??心情變好。
3．本文作者心情由壞變好的原因就是“自我反思，不放棄，繼續(xù)努力”。當(dāng)然也可以借助外力，如老師、父母的教導(dǎo)，書中的某一句話等都可以成為心情變好的原因。
【類題嘗試】
(2011年山東濰坊質(zhì)檢)假如你是李華，你們學(xué)校最近開展了創(chuàng)建“平安校園”的活動。你們班為此組織主題班會，請你用英語寫一篇發(fā)言稿，談一談你對如何創(chuàng)建“平安校園”的一些想法。短文應(yīng)該包括下面的內(nèi)容：
1．安全意識的重要性；
2．在運(yùn)動中要注意安全；
3．在校內(nèi)要注意人身安全；
4．同學(xué)間發(fā)生矛盾時，一定要保持冷靜、理智；
5．逐步將“平安校園”活動轉(zhuǎn)化為全體師生的實(shí)際行動。
注意：
1．不要逐句翻譯，可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)以使行文連貫；
2．詞數(shù)：120左右；
3．文章開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。
參考詞匯：校園安全safety at school
My dear classmates，
There is no denying that safety plays an important part in our daily life.Recently our school has carried out a program aimed at making our campus a safe place to stay on.
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________
One possible version：
My_dear_classmates，
There_is_no_denying_that_safety_plays_an_important_part_in_our_daily_life.Recently_our_school_has_carried_out_a_program_aimed_at_making_our_campus_a_safe_place_to_stay_on.
I consider this as indeed a good practice，which will make us aware that safety should always come first in our daily life，whether when we stay at school or outside it.When we are doing sports，we should attach importance to the safety and avoid being hurt.Furthermore，when we get into trouble with our classmates，we should remain calm and avoid any form of fighting，which may only bring suffering and pain to us mentally and physically.
As far as I’m concerned，I feel all the students and teachers should work hard and creatively to keep the “safety at school” activity in mind.Besides，we are supposed to observe the law discipline where we are at any moment.
本文來自：逍遙右腦記憶 http://www.yy-art.cn/gaoer/68086.html
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