定語(yǔ)從句
I. 定語(yǔ)從句起了形容詞的作用，在句中修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫做先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，他的作用一是放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句中間起了連接作用，二是在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，并與先行詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。
關(guān)系詞
先行詞
從句成分
例句
備注
關(guān)系代詞
who
人
主語(yǔ)
Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?
whom, which和that在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，�？梢允÷裕樵~提前時(shí)后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不可以用that
whom
人
賓語(yǔ)
Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
whose
人，物
定語(yǔ)
I like those books whose topics are about history.
The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
that
人，物
主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)
A plane is a machine that can fly.
She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which
物
主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)
The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.
The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
as
人，物
主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)
He is such a person as is respected by all of us.
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
as做賓語(yǔ)一般不省略
關(guān)系副詞
when
時(shí)間
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
I will never forget the day when we met there.
可用on which
where
地點(diǎn)
地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)
This is the house where I was born.
可用in which
why
原因
原因狀語(yǔ)
I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.
可用for which
II. that與which, who, whom的用法區(qū)別：
情況
用法說(shuō)明
例句
只用that的情況
1． 先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代詞時(shí)。
2． 先行詞被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修飾時(shí)
3． 先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)和序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)
4． 先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)
5． 先行詞被the only, the very修飾時(shí)
6． 句中已經(jīng)有who或which時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)
1.He told me everything that he knows.
2.All the books that you offered has been given out.
3.This is the best film that I have ever read.
4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.
5.He is the only man that I want to see.
6.Who is the man that is making a speech?
只用which, who, whom的情況
1． 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人
2． 在由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。
3． 先行詞本身是that時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用which, 先行詞為those, one, he時(shí)多用who。
He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.
I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.
Those who respect others are usually respected by others.
III. as與which的區(qū)別：
定語(yǔ)從句
區(qū)別
例句
限制性定語(yǔ)從句中
名詞前有such和the same修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用as,不能用which
He is not such a fool as he looks.
Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中
as和which都可以指代前面整個(gè)主句。如果有“正如，象”的含義，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放主句后，并無(wú)“正如”的意思。
They won the game, as we had expected.
They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.
As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.
IV. 限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：
類別
意義及特征
例句
限制性定語(yǔ)從句
對(duì)先行詞起修飾限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明確，這種從句與主句的關(guān)系十分密切，寫時(shí)不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。
The accident happened at the time when I left.
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
對(duì)先行詞作附加的說(shuō)明，與主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，較松散。從句和主句之間用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)，不能用that引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系代詞做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)也不能省略。
His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago
本文來(lái)自：逍遙右腦記憶 http://www.yy-art.cn/gaozhong/210625.html
相關(guān)閱讀：2013年高考英語(yǔ)作文范文：招聘啟事