1、介詞的主要用法：

介詞是一種虛詞,不能獨(dú)立使用。介詞之后一般有名詞或代詞(賓格)或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語或從句作它的賓語,即構(gòu)成介詞短語。有些介詞是由兩個(gè)以上的詞構(gòu)成的短語介詞,如：out of(從…中出來), because of(因?yàn)?, away from(距離…), on top of(在…頂上), ever since(自從…), next to(在…隔壁), according to(根據(jù)…), in front of(在…前方)等。

2、介詞的分類表： (見下表)

地點(diǎn)(位置、范圍)介詞：above在…前, about在…附近, across在…對面, after在…后面, against倚著..., along在…近旁, among在…中間, around在…周圍, round在….周圍, at在…處, before在...前, behind在...后, below低于..., beside在...旁邊, between在...之間, by在...旁, down在...下面, from來自..., in在...里面, inside在...里面, near靠近..., of在...之中, on在...上面, out of在...之外, outside在....外面, over在....上方, under在...下方, up在...上面, on top of在...頂部, in front of在...前, close to靠近..., in the middle of在...的中間, at the end of在...的末端,等等。

方向(目標(biāo)趨向)介詞：across橫越..., against對抗..., along沿著..., around繞著..., round環(huán)繞..., at朝著..., behind向…后面, etween…and…從…到...,by路過/通過..., down向…下, for向..., from從/離..., in進(jìn)入..., into進(jìn)入..., inside到...里面, near接近..., off脫離/除..., on向...上, out of向...外, outside向....外, over跨過..., past經(jīng)過/超過..., through穿過..., to向/朝..., towards朝著..., on to到...上面, onto到...上面, up向...上, away from遠(yuǎn)離...

時(shí)間介詞：about大約..., after在…以后, at在… (時(shí)刻), before在…以前, by到…為止, during在…期間, for有…(之久), from從…(時(shí))起, in在(上/下午);在(多久)以后, on在(某日), past過了…(時(shí)), since自從…(至今), through 貫穿…(期間), till直到…時(shí), until直到…時(shí), to到(下一時(shí)刻), ever since從那時(shí)起至今,at the beginning of在...開始時(shí) ,at the end of在...末 , in the middle of在...當(dāng)中 ,at the time of在...時(shí)

方式介詞：as作為/當(dāng)作..., by用/由/乘坐/被..., in用…(語言), like與…一樣, on騎(車)/徒(步),通過(收音機(jī)/電視機(jī)), over通過(收音機(jī)), through通過..., with用(材料),用(手/腳/耳/眼), without沒有…

涉及介詞: about關(guān)于..., except除了…, besides除了…還... for對于/就…而言, in在…(方面), of…的,有關(guān)..., on關(guān)于/有關(guān)..., to對…而言, towards針對..., with就…而言

其它介詞:

【目的介詞】 for為了..., from防止…, to為了…

【原因介詞】 for因?yàn)?.., with由于…, because of因?yàn)?..

【比較介詞】 as與…一樣,like象…一樣,than比...,to與…相比, unlike與…不同

【伴隨/狀態(tài)介詞】 against和…一起(比賽),at在(上班/休息/上學(xué)/家,etc.),in穿著…(衣服/顏色),into變成...,on在(值日), with與…一起,有/帶著/長著..., without沒有/無/不與…一起

3、介詞短語的句法作用：

介詞短語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞或副詞,可用作狀語、定語和表語。如：The man came .(狀)(那個(gè)人走下樓來)/The woman is from the countryside.(定)(頭上戴花的婦女來自鄉(xiāng)下)/The teacher is now with the pupils.(表)(老師現(xiàn)在和學(xué)生在一起)

4、介詞短語在句子中的位置：

介詞短語做狀語時(shí),如果表示時(shí)間/地點(diǎn),可以放在句首或句尾,如果表示方向/方式/伴隨/涉及/原因/目的/比較,一般放在句尾; 介詞短語作表語時(shí)放在連系動(dòng)詞之后;介詞短語作定語時(shí),只能放在被修飾的名詞之后。如：He wanted to find a good job in Shanghai the next year.(狀語)(他想來年在上海找份好工作)/ They searched the room for the thief.(他們在房間里搜索小偷) / The letters are for you.(表語)(信是給你的)/ Have you seen a cat with a black head and four white legs?(定語)(你看見一只黑頭白腿的貓了嗎?)

5、重要注釋：

⑴ this / that / these / those / last / next / a / every / each等詞構(gòu)成的時(shí)間短語,前面不用任何介詞。如：Every year travellers from abroad come to visit Pingyao.(每年都有國外的游客來游覽平窯鎮(zhèn))/ He had a bad cold that week.(那個(gè)星期他患重感冒)

⑵ for有時(shí)用來引出動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語,常翻譯成“對于…而言”。如：It’s too hard for me to finish the work in only one hour.(讓我在區(qū)區(qū)一個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作太難了)/ The house is big enough for 10 men to live in.(房子夠大的可以容10個(gè)人住)

⑶ of有時(shí)用來表示后面的人物正好是前面的表語的邏輯主語。如：It’s very nice/kind of you to do so.(你這么做真是太好了)

⑷ 介詞有時(shí)會與它的賓語分離,而且賓語前置。

① 當(dāng)賓語是疑問詞時(shí)。Who are you talking about?(你們在談?wù)撜l?)

② 賓語在從句中當(dāng)連接詞時(shí)。He has a younger brother who he must take good care of.(他有 一個(gè)需要他照顧的小弟。) / Do you know who our teacher is talking with over there?(你知道我們的老師在那邊和什么人談話嗎?)

③ 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語且該動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞,后面有介詞。I finally found a chair to sit on.(我 最終找到了一張椅子坐。)

(5) 記住一些固定詞組：arrive at/in(到達(dá)…),on foot(步行),not…at all(根本不),to the north of(在…以北),in the east of(在…的東部),in the night(在夜間),at night(在晚上),be afraid of(害怕…),be full of(充滿/ 裝滿….),be filled with(充滿/ 裝滿….),be good/bad for(對…有益/有害),be made of(由…做成),be made from(由…制造),play with(玩耍……),look out of(朝…外面看),at the end of(在…末梢/結(jié)束時(shí)),by the end of(不遲于…/到…末為止),with the help of或with one’s help(在…的幫助下),look after(照料…),look for(尋找…),on a bike(=by bike)騎車, help sb. with(幫某人做…),get on (well) with(與某人相處[融洽]),等等。

本文來自：逍遙右腦記憶 http://www.yy-art.cn/gaozhong/241932.html

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