初中英語知識點:形容詞

編輯: 逍遙路 關(guān)鍵詞: 初中英語 來源: 高中學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
形容詞
簡稱adj.或a,形容詞用來修飾名詞或代詞,表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài),和特征的程度好壞與否,形容詞在句中作定語,表語,賓語補足語。
她是一個好學(xué)生,她學(xué)習(xí)努力。She is a good student, and she works hard.
這輛自行車很貴。This bike is expensive.
對不起,我現(xiàn)在很忙。I am sorry, I'm busy now.
你為這次會議做好準(zhǔn)備了嗎? Have you got everything ready for the meeting?

形容詞的語法功能:
一、作定語
He is the greatest writer alive.他是依然健在的偉大的作家。
Somewone else has done it.別人已經(jīng)做了這事。
二、作補語
形容詞做主語補足語和賓語補足語時,可以表示其現(xiàn)狀、狀態(tài),也可以表示某一動作的結(jié)果,并常用在表示“認(rèn)為,看待”的動詞如believe,prove,consider等候。例如:
The news made her sad.這消息使他感到非常悲傷。
Don't marry young.不要早婚。
三、作狀語
形容詞或形容詞短語可作狀語,形容詞作狀語時,可以看作是“being+形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的省略,可表示時間、原因、條件、方式、強調(diào)或伴隨狀況等意義。例如:
Enthusiastic,they are co-operative.熱心的時候他們是很合作的。
Rich or poor, young or old, we all have problems.不管是窮人還是富人,不管是年輕人還是老人,我們都有問題。
四、做表語
The ship was adrift on unknown seas.那艘船在陌生的海域漂流。
五、做主語
Old and young joined the discussion.
Rich or poor meant the same to him.作感嘆語
Very good!Say it again.
Stupid!He must be crasy.

形容詞的幾個特殊用法:
most 同形容詞連用而不用 the, 表示 " 極,很,非常, 十分"。
It's most dangerous to be here. 在這兒太危險。
I cannot do it, it's most difficult. 我干不了這件事,太難了。

"The+形容詞比較級..., the+形容詞比較級..." 表示 " 越... 就越..."。
The more you study, the more you know. 你學(xué)的越多, 就知道的越多。
The more I have, the more I want. 我越有就越想要有。
The more, the better. 越多越好。

" 形容詞比較級 + and + 形容詞比較級 ", 表示 " 越來越... "。
It's getting hotter and hotter. 天氣越來越熱了.
It's pity he is getting poorer and poorer. 真可憐他越來越窮了。
The computer is cheaper and cheaper. 計算機越來越便宜。
The more and more people focus on the meeting next year. 越來越多的人關(guān)注明年的會議。

主語+謂語(系動詞)+as+形容詞原形+as+從句。表示兩者對比相同。
This box is as big as mine. 這個盒子和我的一樣大。
This coat is as cheap as that one. 這件衣服同那件衣服一樣便宜。
I study English as hard as my brother. 我同我兄弟一樣學(xué)習(xí)努力。

the + 形容詞 表示某種人。
He always helps the poor. 他經(jīng)常幫助窮人。
I like to have a talk with the young. 我喜歡同年輕人談話。
The rich sometimes complain their empty life. 富人有時抱怨他們空虛的生活。
The police led the old man across the street. 警察領(lǐng)老人橫過馬路。


以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞
1) 大部分形容詞加-ly可構(gòu)成副詞。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,brotherly,仍為形容詞。
改錯:(錯) She sang lovely.   (錯) He spoke to me very friendly.
   (對) Her singing was lovely. 。▽Γ He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
2)有些以-ly 結(jié)尾的詞既為形容詞,也為副詞。
daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early
The Times is a daily paper.
The Times is published daily.


too+adj.+to句型 “太…而不能”
He is too young to go to school.
=He isn’t old enough to go to school.
=He is so young that he can’t go to school.



形容詞的位置:
1.形容詞一般放在名詞前作定語?
單個形容詞修飾名詞時,一般要放在名詞的前面。它們的前面常常帶有冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、指示代詞、數(shù)詞等。例如:?
a red flower一朵紅花?
an interesting story一個有趣的故事?
six blind men 六個盲人?
my own house我自己的房子?
如果有兩個或兩個以上的形容詞修飾一個名詞時,則由它們和被修飾的名詞之間的密切程度而定,越密切的形容詞越靠近名詞。
如果幾個形容詞的密切程度差不多則按音節(jié)少的形容詞放在前面,音節(jié)多的形容詞放在后面。
2.當(dāng)形容詞所修飾的詞是由some,any,every,no等構(gòu)成的不定代詞時,形容詞必須置于名詞之后。例如:?
She has something new to tell me.?她有一些新的情況告訴我。?
I have nothing important to do today.?今天我沒有重要的工作要做。?
Do you know anybody else here??這兒你還有認(rèn)識的人嗎??
3.形容詞后面有介詞短語或不定式短語時,形容詞必須置于名詞之后。例如:?
It is a problem difficult to work out.?這是一道難以解決的問題。?
Edison is a student difficult to teach.?愛迪生是個很難教的學(xué)生。?
This is a kind of flowers easy to grow.?這是一種易栽的花。?
4.用 and 或 or 連接起來的兩個形容詞作定語時一般把它們放在被修飾的名詞后面。起進(jìn)一步解釋的作用。例如:?
All people,young or old,should be strict with themselves.?
所有的人,無論老少,都應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格要求自己。?
We are building a new school, modern and super.?
我們正在建一所現(xiàn)代化的高檔次的新型學(xué)校。?
All countries, rich and poor, should help one another. 所有的國家,無論窮富都應(yīng)該互相幫助。?
5.有少數(shù)形容詞,如enough和possible,既可置于所修飾的名詞前面也可以置于它所修飾的名詞之后。例如:?
Do you have enough time(time enough)to prepare?你有足夠的時間做準(zhǔn)備嗎??
Maybe it will be a possible chance(chance possible)for you.或許它將成為一次可能的機遇。
6.有些形容詞,置于名詞之前與之后,含義不盡相同。例如:?
the writer present 出席的作者?
the present writer 現(xiàn)在的作者?
7.表示長,寬,高,深,及年齡的形容詞,應(yīng)放在相應(yīng)的名詞之后。
This river is about 100 metres wide.
The building is more than 50 metres tall.
He is less than 40 years old.
8. enough修飾名詞時,在名詞前后都可以。
They said that they had enough food.=They said that they had food enough.
enough 修飾形容詞和副詞,位于其后。
He is old enough to join the army.
He isn’t old enough to go to school.
9.形容詞else通常放在疑問代詞,疑問副詞或不定代詞后
what/who/where/when/when else
something/anything/nothing…else
What else did you do?
Do you have anything else to say?
10.由兩個或兩個以上的詞組成的形容詞詞組修飾名詞時須放在名詞之后。
This is the book easy to read.
這是一本容易讀的書。



形容詞知識拓展:
名詞化的形容詞:
有些形容詞可以和定冠詞連用,表示一類人或事物,這時,它相當(dāng)于一個名詞,可作主語或賓語;
表示一類人時,看作復(fù)數(shù),表示一類事物時,通常看作單數(shù)。
Robin Hooh(羅賓漢) hated the rich and loved the poor.
The old are taken good care of in American.
the+形容詞,常見的短語有:
the old/the young/the sick/the white/
the black/the rich/the poor/the dead(死者)

形似副詞的形容詞:
以-ly結(jié)尾的詞通常是副詞,但是下列詞為形容詞。
friendly lonely (孤獨的) ;lively (活著的);lovely(可愛的)

復(fù)合形容詞的類型:
(1)名詞+過去分詞 man-made satellite 人造衛(wèi)星
(2)形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 a good-looking man
(3)形容詞+名詞 second-hand cars
(4)數(shù)詞+名詞-ed three-legged chairs三條腿的椅子
(5)數(shù)詞+名詞 400- metre race
(6)副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 hard-working students
(7)副詞+過去分詞 well-known writers
(8)形容詞+形容詞 a dark-red jacket
(9)形容詞+過去分詞 ready-made clothes 成品服裝

含有形容詞的常用句型:
(1) It’s+adj. of sb. to do sth.
(good/ kind/nice/polite/clever/foolish… )
It’s very kind of you to help me.
(2) It’s +adj. for sb. to do sth.
(difficult/easy/hard/dangerous/usefulinteresting/important…)
It’s important for us to learn English well.
(3)下列形容詞后常跟動詞不定式
表示情感或情緒的形容詞:glad,pleased,sorry,sad,afraid,thankful…
I'm glad to see you.
表示能力,意志或推測的形容詞:ready,able,sure,certain…
I’m sorry to hear that.

某些現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞可作形容詞
the moving story 令人感動的故事
a moved boy 一個被感動的男孩
a frightened child 一個被嚇到的孩子
a frightening film 一個恐怖電影

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