初中英語知識點:地點副詞

編輯: 逍遙路 關(guān)鍵詞: 初中英語 來源: 高中學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
地點副詞:
表示地點的副詞和表示位置關(guān)系的副詞統(tǒng)稱為地點副詞。常見的這類副詞有:
表示地點的:
here, there, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, abroad, elsewhere等。
表示位置關(guān)系的:
above, below, down, up, out, in, across, back, along, over, round, around, away, near, off, on, inside, outside, past等。
在表示位置關(guān)系的副詞中,有些副詞也可用作介詞(如:above, over, beyond, around, below, down, up, in, along, near, off, on, past等),在沒有賓語時就是副詞,有賓語時就是介詞,如:
Come in, please. (副詞)
They live in the next room. (介詞)
Let's take along. (副詞)
Let's walk along this street. (介詞)
She looked around. (副詞)
They sat around the table. (介詞)
Let's go on with the work...(副詞)
What subject will you speak on? (介詞)

地點副詞在句中的位置:
地點副詞常放在動詞后面,如果是及物動詞,一般就放在賓語后面。如:
I remember having seen him somewhere.
Wuxia films are popular in China.
地點副詞和時間副詞并列使用時,一般要把地點副詞放在時間副詞之前。如:
We had a meeting here yesterday.
He did the work carefully here yesterday.
如果地點狀語很長時,也可以放在時間狀語之后。如:
He was born in 1940 in a small village at the foot of Mount Tai.

地點副詞?梢杂米鞅碚Z:

副詞可以用作表語,主要是地點副詞,時間副詞和其他副詞有時也可以用作表語。如:
They are inside. 他們在里面。
How long will she be away? 她要離開多久?
When will you be back? 你什么時候回來?
You haven't been around much. 你很少到這邊來。
He'll be round in an hour. 他一個小時內(nèi)就到。
Now autumn is in. 秋天來了。
I must be off now. 我得走了。
We are behind in our plan. 我們落在計劃后面了。


相關(guān)初中英語知識點:形容詞的比較級,形容詞的最高級

形容詞的比較級:
當(dāng)兩種物體之間相互比較時,我們要用形容詞或副詞的比較級;
當(dāng)相互比較的物體是三個或三個以上時,我們就要用形容詞或副詞的最高級。

形容詞的比較級和最高級的特殊變化規(guī)則:
一、少數(shù)單音節(jié)詞前面加 more-, most- 構(gòu)成比較級和最高級
tired ---- more tired , most tired
fond ----- more fond , most fond
glad ----- more glad , most glad
bored ---- more bored , most bored
pleased---- more pleased , most pleased


二、不規(guī)則變化
good /well------- better ,best
bad/badly/ill------ worse , worst
many/much-------more , most
little ------ less , least
far ---- farther, farthes / firther , furthest
old ---- older , oldest (GA)
---- older , oldest / elder , eldest (GB)


三、下列形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級有兩種形式
cruel----- crueler, cruelest /more cruel , most cruel
strict---- stricter , strictest /more strict , most strict
often----- oftener , oftenest /more often , most often
friendly------ friendlier , friendliest /more friendly , most friendly
clever----- cleverer, cleverest / more clever , most clever


四、下列形容詞和副詞沒有比較級和最高(即表示”最高程度”或”絕對狀態(tài)”的形容詞和副詞沒有比較級和最高級)
empty , wrong , perfect , unique , extreme , excellent , favourite (GB)/ favorite (GA) , true , right , correct , extremely ...



形容詞的比較級和最高級用法:
形容詞比較等級用法:
1.沒有比較對象時,用原級。
I have a new computer.
2.兩者比較,程度相同。
A+系動詞+as+adj.+as+B.
Our school is as beautiful as theirs.
3.兩者比較,程度不同。
A+系動詞+not as+adj.+as+B.
The weather here is not as hot as that in the south.
4.A比B更…
The earth is bigger than the moon.
5.比較級前可以用much,even,still,far,a lot,a little,a bit,any等修飾。
Your room is much bigger than mine.
I’m a little shorter than her.
6.用比較級可以表示最高級含義:
John is stronger than any other boy in his class.=John is stronger than any of the other boys.
兩者不屬于同一范疇,不能用other.
Chongqing is bigger than any city in Sichuang.
7.“比較級+and+比較級” 表示“越來越…”
China is becoming more and more beautiful.
Days are getting longer and longer.
8.用the+比較級,the+比較級 表示”越…就越…”.
The busier he is, the happier he feels.
9. Which/Who+is+比較級 A或B?
A和B哪一個/誰更…?
Which is better,this one or that one?

最高級用法:
表示三者或三者以上的人或物的比較,一個在某方面超過其他兩個或多個時,用最高級,結(jié)構(gòu)是
主語+系動詞+the+形容詞最高級+of/in短語。
This story is the most interesting of the three.
1. one of the+形容詞最高級+名詞復(fù)數(shù)
它的意思是最…之一。
English is one of the most important languages in the world.
2. which/who…+is+形容詞最高級
“…最...”
Which is the heaviest,the horse,the sheep or the elephant?
3.最高級前可以用序數(shù)詞
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.

形容詞的比較級和最高級的變化規(guī)則:





















































構(gòu)成


原級


比較級


最高級


一般加er,est


tall


taller


tallest


以字母e結(jié)尾只
加 r,st


large


larger


largest


以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的
重讀閉音節(jié),雙寫這一輔
音字母后再加er,est


red


redder


reddest


hot


hotter


hottest


thin


thinner


thinnest



以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞,
將y變?yōu)閕再加er,est


easy


easier


easiest


happy


happier


happiest


ugly


uglier


ugliest


early


earlier


earliest


其他雙音節(jié)詞和多
音節(jié)詞,在詞前
加more或most


interesting


more interesting


most interesting




相關(guān)初中英語知識點:時間副詞

常見的時間副詞
now, then, soon, ago, recently, lately, later, finally, before, early, today, tomorrow, yesterday, tonight, suddenly, immediately, already, just 等。
例如:He went to Paris recently.
He has just left for school.

常見時間副詞用法:
A 、afterwards,eventually,lately,now,recently,soon,then,today,tomorrow等和表示時間的副詞短語:at once,since then,till 。
上述副詞和詞組通常位于句首或句末,在祈使句中及與till短語連用時常放在句末:
Eventually he came./He came eventually.
他終于來了。
Then we went home./We went home then.
然后我們回家。
Write today.
今天就寫。
I’ll wait till tomorrow.
我等到明天。
動詞為復(fù)合時態(tài)時afterwards,eventually,lately,now,recent-ly,soon可位于助動詞之后:
We’ll soon be there.
我們馬上會到那里。

B、 before,early,immediately和late位于句末:
He came late.
他來晚了。
I’ll go immediately.
我馬上就走。
但before和immediately用做連詞引導(dǎo)一個從句時,應(yīng)位于從句的句首:
Immediately the rain stops we’ll set out.
雨一停我們就走。

C、 since和ever since與完成時連用:
since位于助動詞之后或否定句及疑問句的句末,ever since(副詞)位于句末。
帶有since和ever since的短語和從句常位于句末,有時放在句首也是可以的:
He’s been in bed since his accident/since he broke his leg.
自從他出了車禍/摔傷了腿,他一直躺在床上。

D、 yet和still(時間副詞):
yet常常位于動詞或動詞+賓語之后:
He hasn’t finished(his breakfast)yet.
他還沒吃完(他的早飯)。
如果賓語由許多詞組成,yet也可位于動詞之前:
He hasn’t yet applied for the job we told him about.
他還沒去申請我們跟他說的那個工作。
still位于be動詞之后或其他動詞之前:
She is still in bed.
她還在睡覺。
yet的含義是“到說話的時候為止”。它主要用于否定句或疑問句。
still強調(diào)動作在繼續(xù)延續(xù),主要用于肯定句或疑問句,但可用于否定句以強調(diào)否定意義的動作仍在延續(xù):
He still doesn’t understand.
他仍然不懂。(“不懂”這一否定意義的動作在延續(xù)。)
He doesn’t understand yet.
他還沒有弄懂。(“懂得”這一肯定意義的動作還沒開始。)
still和yet重讀時表示驚訝、討厭或不耐煩。它們都可以當(dāng)做連詞使用。

E 、just作為時間副詞跟復(fù)合時態(tài)連用:
I’m just coming.
我正要來。



時間副詞用法特點:
1.時間副詞表示時間或期間,如:
today(今天),tomorrow(明天),yesterday(昨天),now(現(xiàn)在),soon(不久),then(那時),recently(近來),lately(近來),afterwards(后來)等
2.時間副詞用在句尾。
I went to the bar yesterday.
我昨天去酒吧了。
3.時間副詞用在句首以加強語氣。
Tomorrow I shall attend a meeting.
明天我將參加會議。
4.句中若出現(xiàn)多個時間副詞,短時間在前,長時間在后。
It took place at 4 o'clock on the 4th of May, 1896.
它發(fā)生于一八九六年五月四日四點鐘。
5.表示時間的副詞或副詞短語前不加介詞或定冠詞。
中文:他下星期一回來。
(誤)He will be back on next Monday.
(誤)He will be back the next Monday.
(正)He will be back next Monday.
6.still (還,仍然),yet(還,仍然)等是特殊的時間副詞,一般用于強調(diào)某種時態(tài)。




相關(guān)初中英語知識點:副詞

副詞:
是一種用來修飾動詞、形容詞、全句的詞,說明時間、地點、程度、方式等概念的詞。副詞是一種半虛半實的詞。
副詞可分為:地點副詞、方式副詞、程度副詞、疑問副詞和連接副詞。
副詞連用順序:程度副詞+方式副詞+地點副詞+時間副詞。

副詞分類:
1、時間副詞有三類:always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系動詞、情態(tài)動詞和助動詞之后,實之前義動詞
1)表示發(fā)生時間的副詞:
It’s beginning to rain now! 現(xiàn)在開始下雨了!
2)表示頻繁程度的副詞,也稱頻度副詞always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系動詞、情態(tài)動詞和助動詞之后,實之前義動詞:
She often changes her mind. 她常改變主意。
3)還有一些其他表示時間的副詞:
He has just had an operation. 他剛動過手術(shù)。
2、地點副詞:
1)有不少表示地點的副詞:
She is studying abroad. 她在國外留學(xué)。
2)還有一些部分與介詞同形的副詞。它們與介詞同形,跟賓語的是介詞,否則是副詞:
①用作介詞:Stand up! 起立!
②用作副詞:A cat climbed up the tree. 貓爬上了樹。
3)以where 構(gòu)成的副詞也是地點副詞:
It’s the same everywhere. 到處都一樣。
3、方式副詞:
carefully, properly(適當(dāng)?shù)?, anxiously(焦慮地), suddenly, normally(正常地), fast, well, calmly(冷靜地), politely(有禮貌地), proudly(自豪地), softly, warmly ,slowly
4、程度副詞:
much,little, very,rather(相當(dāng)),so,too,still, quite, perfectly(完美地), enough, extremely(非常), entirely(整個),almost, slightly(細(xì)小地), hardly.
5、疑問副詞:
how, when, where, why.
6、關(guān)系副詞:
when, where, why.等。
7、 連接副詞:
therefore(因此),moreover(此外),however,otherwise(另外的),then,when ,where,how,why等。


副詞的語法作用:
副詞在句中可作狀語,表語,補語,定語。
He works hard. (作狀語)
他工作努力。
You speak English very well. (作狀語)
你英語講的相當(dāng)好。
Is she in ? (作表語)
她在家嗎?
Let's be out. (作表語)
讓我們出去吧。
Food here is hardly to get. (here作定語,hardly作狀語)
這兒很難弄到食物。
Let him out!(作補語)
讓他出去!
修飾名詞的副詞放在被修飾詞之后
a. The villagers there are busy getting in wheat.



不同類型副詞的用法比較:
方式副詞:
1)英語中有大量方式副詞,說明行為方式(回答how的問題):
How beautifully your wife dances. 你夫人舞跳的真美。
2)還有相當(dāng)多的副詞,表示某些情緒:
She smiled gratefully. 她感激的笑了笑。
3)還有一些以-ly結(jié)尾的副詞,表示動作發(fā)生的狀況:
He left the town secretly. 他悄然離開了這座城市。

程度副詞和強調(diào)副詞:
1)程度副詞可修飾動詞,表示“到某種程度”: Is she badly hurt? 她傷得重嗎?
[說明] 這類副詞除修飾動詞外,還可修飾形容詞(a)或另一副詞(b):
a. fairly simple 相當(dāng)簡單 quite correct 完全正確
b. wonderfully well 好極了 do it very quickly 干得很快
2)much 是一個特殊的程度副詞,它可以:
a. 修飾形容詞等:
I’m not much good at singing. 我唱歌不太好。
b. 修飾比較級:
You sing much better than me. 你比我唱的好多了。
Their house is much nicer than ours. 他們的房子比我們的好多了。

疑問副詞和連接副詞:
1)疑問副詞:疑問副詞用來引導(dǎo)特殊問句:
how: How is your grandmother? 你奶奶身體好嗎?
where: Where does she come from? 她是哪兒人?
when: When can you come? 你什么時候能來?
why: Why was he so late? 他為什么來得這么晚?
2)連接副詞:連接副詞意思和詞形都和疑問副詞一樣,但都引導(dǎo)從句或與不定式連用:
how: Do you know how to start this machine? 你知道這臺機(jī)器怎樣啟動嗎?
where: I don’t know where he lives. 我不知道他住在哪兒。(引導(dǎo)賓語從句)
when: Tell me when you’ll be ready. 告訴我你什么時候準(zhǔn)備好。(引導(dǎo)賓語從句)
why: That’s why I came round. 這就是我來的原因。(引導(dǎo)表語從句)

一些其它類型的副詞,如表示方向的副詞:
Let’s go inside. 咱們到里面去。
Take two steps forward. 向前走兩步。



副詞的位置:
1、實義動詞前,be動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后。
I am also Bush.
I can also do that.
I also want to play that games.
I get up early in the morning everyday. 我每天早早起床。
He gave me a gift yesterday. 他昨天給了我一件禮物。
She didn't drink water enough. 她喝的水不夠。
The train goes fast. 火車跑得快。
We can go to this school freely. 我們可以免費到這家學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。
They left a life hardly then. 當(dāng)時他們的生活很艱難。
He has a new hat on today. 他今天戴了一頂新帽子。
I have seen this film twice with my friends. 這部電影我和朋友看過兩次。

2、副詞修飾形容詞,副詞時,副詞在前面,而被修飾的詞在后面。
It's rather easy, I can do it. 這很容易,我能做到。
He did it quite well. 他做得相當(dāng)好。
It's rather difficult to tell who is right.很難說誰是對的。
It's so important that I must tell my friends. 這件事太重要了,我得告訴我的朋友。
It's much better. 好多了。

3、頻度副詞可放在實義動詞的前面,情態(tài)動詞和助動詞的后面。
I often help him these days. 這些日子我經(jīng)常幫助他。
I always remember the day when I first came to this school.
我常常記得我第一次來學(xué)校的那一天。
You mustn't always help me. 你不能老是幫助我。
He seldom comes to see us. 他很少來看我們。
We usually go shopping once a week. 我們通常一周買一次東西。
The new students don't always go to dance. 新學(xué)生并不時常去跳舞。

4、疑問副詞,連接副詞,關(guān)系副詞以及修飾整個句子的副詞,通常放在句子或從句的前面。
When do you study everyday? 你每天什么時間學(xué)習(xí)?
Can you tell me how you did it? 你能告訴我你如何做的嗎?
First, let me ask you some questions. 先讓我來問幾個問題。
How much does this bike cost? 這輛車子多少錢?
Either you go or he comes. 不是你去就是他來。
The students were reading when the teacher came into the classroom. 當(dāng)老師進(jìn)教室時,學(xué)生們正在讀書。

5、時間副詞和地點副詞在一個句中, 地點副詞在前面時間副詞在后面。
We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 o'clock yesterday.
昨天九點鐘我們到超市買東西了.
What were you doing in the classroom yesterday afternoon?
昨天下午你在教室里干什么?
The accident took place in the Eleven Avenue one hour ago.
一小時前十一號大街發(fā)生了一場事故。

6、否定副詞在句首,句子要倒裝,如:
Never have I felt so excited!

兼有兩種形式的副詞:
1) close與closely
close意思是"近"; closely 意思是"仔細(xì)地"
He is sitting close to me.
Watch him closely.

2) late 與lately
late意思是"晚"; lately 意思是"最近"
You have come too late.
What have you been doing lately?

3) deep與deeply
deep意思是"深",表示空間深度;deeply時常表示感情上的深度,"深深地"
He pushed the stick deep into the mud.
Even father was deeply moved by the film.

4) high與highly
high表示空間高度;highly表示程度,相當(dāng)于much
The plane was flying high.
I think highly of your opinion.

5) wide與widely
wide表示空間寬度;widely意思是"廣泛地","在許多地方"
He opened the door wide.
English is widely used in the world.

6) free與freely
free的意思是"免費";freely 的意思是"無限制地"
You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.
You may speak freely; say what you like.
副詞有加a或ly的 區(qū)別在于通常加a 的副詞描述一種狀態(tài),而加ly 的副詞則傾向于感覺。

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