【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】高二一年,強(qiáng)人將浮出水面,鳥人將沉入海底。高二重點(diǎn)解決三個(gè)問(wèn)題:一,吃透課本;二，找尋適合自己的學(xué)習(xí)方法；三，總結(jié)自己考試技巧，形成習(xí)慣。為了幫助你的學(xué)習(xí)更上一層樓，逍遙右腦為你準(zhǔn)備了《高二上學(xué)期第三次月考英語(yǔ)試卷》希望可以幫到你！
*部分：英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分65分）
*節(jié)：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)填空（共35小題，每題1分，滿分35分）
1.Itis___reminderthatweneedtocareabout_____worldwelivein,_____onewithnecessityforlifeandlife.
A.a;a;/B.a;the;theC./;the;/D.a;the;/
2.Themanwith____shouldersstaredatmewith____eyes.
A.broad,greatB.wide,largeC.wide,broadD.broad,wide
3.Youmaynotagree,but____Ithinksheisaverygoodgirl
A.personallyB.trulyC.generallyD.commonly
4.Theystayedupverylatelastnight.Nowtheyarestillasleep.Don’t____them.
A.breakB.disturbC.knockD.interrupt
5.Theswimmingpoolisused_____allthechildrenintheneighborhood.
A.incommonB.incommonbyC.incommonwithD.incommonof
6.Theprogresshehasmadeinmathsismuchgreaterthan_____inEnglish.
A.theoneB.thatC.hehasD.it
7.Wehavebeentoldthatundernocircumstances_____thetelephoneintheofficeforpersonalaffairs.
A.mayweuseB.wecoulduseC.wemayuseD.didweuse
8.Thepolicemansignedforthedriverto_____andthencheckedhisdrivinglicense.
A.setasideB.breakdownC.stopoverD.pullover
9.Themostexcitingthingforhimwas______hefinallyfoundtwotinnedfruitsin______seemedtohimtobeaservant'sbedroom.
A.that;whatB.what;whichC.that;thatD.what;where
10.Thelittleboyisn’tgettingonwellinmathsandworsestill,heisevenunwillingtogotoschool.Withherson_____,shefeelsvery______.
A.disappointing；worryingB.disappointing；worried
C.disappointed；worriedD.disappointed；worrying
11.WhenIturnedtotheperson_____nexttome,Irecognizedthathewasmyschoolmate.
A.seatingB.seatedC.sitD.sat
12.TheShaolinTemple_____1400yearsagohasbecomeatouristattraction.
A.datesbacktoB.datingbackC.datesfromD.datingfrom
13.Hewasgladtolearn____wasamongthenamesadmittedtotheuniversity.
A.itB.thatC.heD.his
14.---Wheredidthemurderhappen?
---Itwasinthehouse_____mygrandmotherusedtolive.
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.inwhich
15.Iwas_______inthemiddleofthecall,forIhadnocoinstoputintothebox.
A.hungupB.calledoffC.cutoffD.comeoff
16.Hesatthere,silentanddepressed,withhiseyes____ontheceiling.
A.fixingB.beingfixedC.fixedD.tobefixed
17---Musttheyhandintheircompositionstomorrow?
---No,they______handtheminthisafternoon.
A.aregoingtoB.aretoC.needn’tD.can’t
18.Thatdaywasamostexcitingmomentforthefootballfans,____forthefirsttime,theirfootballteamwontheWorldCup.
A.whenB.whichC.whileD.ontheday
19.?What’sthematterwithyourfinger?
?I______inthedoorjustnow.
A.gotittocatchB.gotitcaughtC.gotitcatchingD.gottocatchit
20.It’sreportedthataplanewithfivepeople______crashedintothemountainseveraldaysago.
A.onboardB.ontheboardC.inboardD.intheboard
21.Itwas10o’clock____thebigfirebrokeout,______5peoplelosttheirlives.
A.that,whichB.when,whichC.that,whereD.when,where
22.Theprofessortriedhisbesttomakehislectureeasy________.
A.understoodB.tounderstandC.understandingD.tobeunderstood
23.Althoughthereweremanypeopleinthesquare,Icould____myoldfriend.
A.pickupB.makeupC.pickoutD.leaveout
24.---DoesBilldohisnewjobwell?
---______hisoldjob.I’mafraidthere’snohopeforhim.
A.NotbetterthanB.NotdowellasC.NobetterthanD.Notaswellas
25.---Doyoureallywanttogoout?
---Itmayrain.____Ishallgoout.Idon’tmindtherain.
A.AnywayB.OtherwiseC.NowthatD.Orelse
26.---Marylookssad.Didyoutellheraboutthebadnews?
---Yes,butI______herlater.
A.shouldhavetoldB.shouldn’thavetold
C.musthavetoldD.needn’thavetold
27.---Whatlies______themountains?
---Abeautifulfreshlake.
A.overB.acrossC.beyondD.through
28.--HasMr.Robee______?
--Itwilltakeaperiodoftwoweeksafterhisoperation.
A.recoveredB.uncoveredC.discoveredD.restored
29.Allthepartsoftheproductsrequiretestingagainbeforetheyare_______.
A.forsaleB.onsaleC.soldoutD.tosale
30.Onceyouareinanewculture,youneedto_____yourselfforatime,beforeyou______it
A.fit;getusedtoB.suit;usedtoC.adjust;getusedtoD.correct;usedto
31.--It’simpossiblethatJoneswillpassthedrivingtest.
--Butshewishshe______.
A.doesB.wouldC.shouldD.will
32.----CanIlookatthemenuforamoreminutesbeforeIdecide?
---Ofcourse.________Sir.
A.MakeyourselfathomeB.Enjoyyourself
C.Itdoesn’tmatter.D.Takeyourtime
33.He_______upearlysincehischildhood.
A.usedtogetB.isusedtoget
C.hasbeenusedtogetD.hasbeenusedtogetting
34.Seeingthehappy________ofchildrenplayinginthepark,I’mfullofjoyandconfidenceinthefutureofourcountry.
A.sightB.sceneC.viewD.sign?
35.---Whichofthetwoshirtswouldyouliketotake?
--__________.There’snotmuchdifferencebetweenthem.
A.AnyoneB.EitherC.BothD.None
第二節(jié)：完形填空（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出一個(gè)*佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
Itwasautumn.Athinwhitemoonroseoverthevalley.Peter,11yearsold,didnotseeit.Hedidnotfeelthecoolwind36hisface,forhisthoughts_37__onaredandblack38onthetable,whichwasa39fromhisfathertohisgrandfather.TheysaidthatGrandpawas40.
Peterhad41believedFatherwouldsendGrandpaaway.Now,therewasthethingFatherhadbought42verymorning.ThiswasthelasteveningheandGrandpawouldhavewitheachother.Afterwashingthe43dishes,theoldmantookuptheblanket.“Whata44doubleblanket!I’llnotfeelcoldwithit,”saidtheoldman,45itoverhisknees.
“Oh,yes!”Petersaidandtriedto46backthetearsinhiseyes.
Justthen47cametwopeople,Fatherandthegirlhewasto48.ThegirlwentuptoGrandpaandsaidPrettily,“I’llnotbe49youinthemorning,soIcameovertosaygood-bye.”
“It’sniceofyou,”saidGrandpa.“Willyoulookatthis?Isn’titafineblanketmysonhasgivenmetogoawaywith?”
“Yes,really,”shesaid,Shefeltitandsaid50,“Adoubleone!Itmusthavecostmuch..Hedoesn’tneedadoubleone.”
“Sheis51,Father,”theboysaid,“Here,Father.”Heheldouta52ofscissors（剪刀）.“Cuttheblanketinto53.Asingleoneisenoughforanoldman.We’ll54theotherhalf.
“Whatdoyou55bythat?”askedFather.
“I’llgiveittoyouwhenyouareoldandI’msendingyouaway.”saidtheboyslowly.
36.A.beatingB.blowingC.hittingD.brushing
37.A.cameB.wentC.werefixedD.weretaken
38.A.blanketB.cupC.dishD.jar
39.A.debtB.giftC.letterD.will
40.A.dyingB.gladC.goingawayD.married
41.A.infactB.notreallyC.notsimplyD.obviously
42.A.inB.itC.onD.that
43.A.breakfastB.cleanC.lunchD.supper
44.A.badB.dirtyC.fineD.old
45.A.smoothingB.holdingC.cleaningD.putting
46.A.comeB.getC.keepD.take
47.A.inB.outC.outofD.outside
48.A.loveB.helpC.knowD.marry
49.A.seeingB.missingC.forgettingD.thinking
50.A.anxiouslyB.coldlyC.quietlyD.warmly
51.A.cleverB.lyingC.rightD.wrong
52.A.bitB.kindC.pairD.piece
53.A.oneB.piecesC.halfD.two
54.A.spareB.keepC.sellD.use
55.A.meanB.sayC.showD.think
第二部分：閱讀理解（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）
閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出*佳選項(xiàng)。
A
PhysicistStephenHawkingmovedtohearthospital
World-renownedBritishphysicistStephenHawking,authorofsciencebest-sellerABriefHistoryofTime,hasbeentransferredtoaspecialistheartandlunghospitalduetotheeffectsofpneumonia（肺炎）,thehospitalsaidonTuesday.
MrHawking,62,whoiswheelchair-boundduetothemotorneurone（運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)元�。ヾiseasehehassufferedformorethan40years,wasmovedtoPapworthHospitalinCambridge,easternEngland,fromageneralhospitalalsoinhishome.
"He'sstableandwasbroughtinyesterday[Monday]morning,"saidaspokeswomanforPapworth,acentreofexcellenceincardiactreatment.
CambridgeUniversity,whereMrHawkingisamathematicsprofessor,wasunabletosaywhyhehadbeenmovedbutsaidhehadinitially（*初）gonetohospital"inrelationtothepneumoniahewasbeingtreatedforinDecemberandJanuary".
BritishpolicearecurrentlyinvestigatingclaimsmadebynurseslookingafterMrHawkingwhosaythathehadbeenphysicallyabused（*）byhiswife,Elaine.
Lastmonththephysicistissuedastatementsayinghe"firmlyandwholeheartedly"rejectedtherumors,describingmediareportsofsupposedassaults（攻擊）byhiswifeas"completelyfalse".BriefHistory,whichsoldmorethan10millioncopies,madeMrHawkingamillionaireandoneofthemostfamousscientistsontheplanet.
WhenMrHawkingwasdiagnosedwithmotorneuronediseasewhilestillauniversityundergraduate,hislifeexpectancywasputataroundtwoyears,andheisoneofthelongest-survivingsufferersofthecondition.
Despitehisillnessandhisneedtospeakthroughanelectronicvoicebox,MrHawkinghascontinuedtotourtheworld,givingsciencelectures.
56.Fromthepassagewecansee___________.
A.Hawkinghasmovedtoanewhospitaltotreathispneumonia
B.Hawkinghasmovedtoanewhospitaltotreathislong-suffereddisease
C.Hawkinghasmovedtoanewhospitaltoavoidassaults.
D.Hawkinghasmovedtoanewhospitaltogivelectures.
57.Itseemsthat_________________.
A.Hawkinghasnotgoodrelationwithhiswife.
B.Hawkingwillrecoverhisspeech.
C.Hawkingisateacher.
D.ThefirsthospitalwillnotbeabletocureHawking’sdisease.
58.Thewriterwritesthispassagemainlyto___________.
A.telloftheseriousnessofHawking’sdisease.
B.tellofthefamilylifeofHawking.
C.tellofthepresentconditionofHawking.
D.Hawking’swealthcomesfromthebook“Abriefhistoryoftime”.
59._____hasmadeHawkingamillionaire.
A.thebook“Abriefhistoryoftime”B.hislectures
C.HisteachingpositionD.Hiswife
B
TheFourTreasures
Inthe5thor6thcenturyJapanadoptedtheChinesewritingsystem.ItisofnosurprisethenthattheJapanese,beingtheindustriouspeoplethattheyare,adoptedthemethodsandideologyoftheChinesewritingsystemaswell.AsproofoftheJapanesesinglemindednesstheyhavestucktothisrigidstyleofwritingforthepast1500years.
TheChinesebeliefthatthatgovernmenthasitsfoundationinwritingdedicatedgreatimportancetotheFourTreasuresofWriting:brush,ink,inkstone,andpaper.UponcopyingtheChinesebureaucratic（官僚政治的）systemofgovernmenttheJapanesealsoadoptedtheChineseideaoftheFourTreasures.OnecantracethisbacktoJapan'searliestrecordsfromthe8thcenturywherethebrush,ink,inkstoneandpaperappearasobjectsofadoration.
60.Itwasin________thatJapanbegantofollowChinainwriting.
A.1500A.D.B.500-600A.D.C.Before5thA.DD.5thor6thB.C.
61.ThefourtreasuresforChinais_______________.
A.brush,ink,inkstoneandpaper
B.beliefs,socialsystems,writingsystemsandideology
C.brush,writingsystems,inkstoneandpaper
C.brush,ideology,inkandpaper.
62.TheJapaneseadoptedChinesewritingsystembecause_______.
A.theyareindustriouspeople.
B.theyhavesinglemindedness.
C.theyadmiredChinesewritingsystem
D.theylivedclosetoChina.
63.TheJapaneseadoptedthoseofChinain_____ways.
A.fourB.threeC.twoD.five
C
GettingintotheCity
FromJohnF.KennedyInternationalAirport
Queens:（718）244-4444
Distancetomidtown:15miles
Timetomidtown:50-60minutes
Hoursofoperation:24
Traveler’sAid:（718）656-4870
MTA-
NewYorkCityTransitAuthority
130LivingstonSt.,Brooklyn11201;（718）330-1234,www.mta.info.BusesfromtheairportconnectwithsubwaystopsinQueensandBrooklyn:afreeshuttlegoesfromJFKterminalstotheAline;theQ3busgoestotheFline;andtheB15goestothe3line.Also,theQ10,operatedbyGreenBusLines（718995-4700）,connectstotheE,F,J,andZlines.Bus/subwayfareis＄1.5,paidinexactchange,withatoken,orwithaMetroCard.
Readercard#67.Adonp.43.
NewYorkAirportService
�。�718）875—8200,www.nyairportservice.com.Operatesbusshuttleevery20—30minutestoNYC’sPennStation,PortAuthority,andGrandCentralTerminal（＄13）andtoManhattanhotelsbetween33rdand57thSts.（＄15）.Readercard#230.Adonp.25.
SuperShuttle
52—1511thSt.,LongIslandCity,Queens11101;（212）209—7000,（800）258—3826,www.supershuttle.com.Door—to—doortransportation,24hours,365days.Lookforthebluevan.Readercard#123.Adonp.39.
64.IfyouwanttoknowmoreabouttheMetroCard,youcan.
A.visitwww.nyairportservice.com.
B.telephone（212）209—7000or（800）258—3826
C.readtheadonpage43ofthebook
D.visitwww.supershuttle.com
65.WhatdoyouknowaboutNewYorkCitysubwaylinesfromthereading?
A.Theysupplydoortodoortransportation.
B.Theyaredirectlyconnectedwiththeairport.
C.Theyrun24hours,365days,markedwithcolors.
D.Theyaremarkedwitheithernumbersorletters.
66.SupposeyouwanttogettoaManhattanhotelin23rdStreetfromtheairport,you’dbetter.
A.takeabusshuttleB.takeabusbyGreenBusLine
C.takeSuperShuttleD.takeasubway
D
Itisnotalwayseasytounderstandinventionsandnewdevelopmentsinscience.Tounderstandfiberoptics（光纖）,however,youcantryanexperiment.
Putadroportwoofmilkintotheglassofwater.Turnoffthelights.Shinethelightfromyourflashlight（手電筒）throughthetopoftheglassatanangle（角度）ofabout45degrees.Putapieceofwhitepaperagainsttheglasswhenthebeam（光束）oflightisshining.Movethepapersoyoucanseewherethebeamiscomingoutoftheglass.Youshouldseeaspotoflight.Someofthelighthaspassedthroughthewaterandthroughtheglass.Youseeitonthepaper.Youalsoseeanotherbeamgoingdownintotheglass.Itisbeingreflecteddownintotheglass.
Nextmovetheflashlightsothatthebeamiscomingstraighterdown（30degrees）intothewater.Youwillseethesamephenomenon:someofthelightisreflectedbackintotheglass.Andsomeescapesout.Nowmovethebeamoflightfromtheflashlightslowlyupuntilyoucannotseeanylightescaping.Thispointiscalledthe“pointoftotalinternalreflection.”Thewordinternalmeans“inside.”Allthelightisstayinginsidetheglass.Thereisnobeamshowingabrightspotonthewhitepaper.Allthelightenergyisinsidetheglass.
Theglassofmilkywaterislikeastrand（線）ofglass.Afiberoptictubeisabundleoflongthinstrandsofglass,reallymanytubes.However,theprinciple（原理）isthesame:atacertainangle,allthelightenergythatgoesintotheglassfibercomesouttheotherend.
Lightisenergy.Soundisenergy.Radiowavesandelectricityarebothenergy.Theycanallbechangedintolight,andaslighttheycanalltravelalongaglassfiber.Lighttravelsattherateof186,000milespersecond.Therefore,amessagecantravelthatfastinaglassfiber.Thisistheprinciple,orlawofnature,thatmakesfiberopticswork.
67.Whichfigureshowsthelaststepoftheexperiment?
68.Thepurposeoftheexperimentistotellus________.
A.howfastlighttravelsB.howfiberopticsworks
C.howlighttravelsinaglassofwaterD.howfiberopticshelpsmankind
69.Intheexperiment,makesthebiggestdifference.
A.theangelatwhichtoshinethelightfromtheflashlight
B.theamountofwaterintheglassofmilk
C.thenumberofdropsofmilktopourintotheglassofwater
D.thesizeoftheholethroughwhichtoshinelightfromtheflashlight
70.Thelaststepistoprove.
A.nobeamisshownonthewhitepaper
B.nolightcanbenoticedinsidetheglass
C.noreflectioncanbeseen
D.noenergyiswasted
71.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitle?
A.ExperimentofLightTravelB.PrinciplesofFiberOptics
C.CommunicationonFiberOpticsD.TheoryofLightTravel
E
Theorangutan（猩猩）isoneofthefourremainingkindsofman-likeapes（類人猿）leftintheworldtoday.OrangutansarefoundonlyontheislandsofBomeoandSumatra.Theyaregrowingfewer.Thereisadangerthattheymaydieout.
Untilthetimebetweenthewars,feworangutanswerekeptinzoos.
Littlewasknownaboutthem.Aspeoplecametoknowtheirgentleandinterestingways,theybecamemorepopular.Everyzoowantedtohavesomeofthem,butthenumberoforangutansintheworldwassmall.
Afterthelastwar,thenativesfoundtheywouldmakealotofmoneybycatchingandsellingyoungorangutans.Fully-grownandhalf-grownorangutansweremuchtoostrongtobetaken.Theonlyknownwayofcatchingtheyoungwastoshoottheparentsfirst.Thismeantthatorangutanswerelosttowildlifeforeveryonecaught.Italsomeantthatfewerorangutanswereborn.Oncecaughttheyoungweresobadlylookedafterthatatleasthalfofthemdied.Theywereusuallysoldtosomeonewhoknewlittleaboutlookingafterthem.
72.Exceptorangutans,howmanykindsofman-likeapseareleftintheworld?
A.One.B.TwoC.ThreeD.Four
73.BeforetheSecondWorldWar,________.
A.peopleknewlittleaboutorangutans
B.peopleknewtheymightdisappear
C.manyorangutanswerekeptinzoos
D.thenumberofthemweresmall
74.Whatmakespeoplesurethatorangutansmaydieout?
A.Theyarefoundmorepopularinthezoos.
B.TheycanlivenowhereexceptBorneoandSumatra.
C.Theycometobelovedbypeople.
D.Sellingandcatchingthemarethequickestmeanstobecomerich.
75.Theynativesonlycaughttheyoungorangutansbecause______.
A.theywerewelllookedafter
B.theycouldeasilyfitinwiththenewplaces
C.theywerelightandeasilytakenway
D.theycouldbelosttowildlifeandtamed
76.Thecatchoftheyoungorangutansledto______.
A.fewerbornbabiesB.thedeathoftheirparents
C.thepoorcareandmoredeathoftheyoungD.alloftheabove
F
Whenaninventionismade,theinventorhasthreepossiblecoursesofactionopentohim:hecangivetheinventiontotheworldbypublishingit,keeptheideasecret,orpatentit.
Agranted（批準(zhǔn)的）patentistheresultofabargainstruckbetweenaninventorandthestate,bywhichtheinventorgetsalimitedperiodofmonopoly（壟斷）andpublishesfulldetailsofhisinventiontothepublicafterthatperiodends.
Onlyinthemostexceptionalcircumstances（情況）isthelifespanofapatentextendedtoalter（改變）thisnormalprocessofevents.ThelongestextensionevergrantedwastoGeorgesValensi;his1939patentforcolorTVreceivercircuitrywasextendeduntil1971becauseformostofthepatent'snormallifetherewasnocolourTVtoreceiveandthusnohopeofrewardfortheinvention.
Becauseapatentremainspermanentlypublicafterithasended,theshelvesofthelibraryattachedtothepatentofficecontaindetailsofliterallymillionsofideasthatarefreeforanyonetouseand,ifolderthanhalfacentury,sometimesevenre-patent.Indeed,patentexpertsoftenadviseanyonewishingtoavoidthehighcostofconductingasearchthroughlivepatentsthattheonesurewayofavoidingviolationofanyotherinventor'srightistostealadeadpatent.
Likewise,becausepublicationofanideainanyotherformpermanentlyinvalidates（使無(wú)效）furtherpatentsonthatidea,itistraditionallysafetotakeideasfromotherareasofprint.Muchmoderntechnologicaladvanceisbasedonthesepresumptions（假定）oflegalsecurity.
Anyonecloselyinvolvedinpatentsandinventionssoonlearnsthatmost"new"ideasare,infact,asoldasthehills.Itistheirreductiontocommercialpractice,eitherthroughnecessityordedication,orthroughtheavailabilityofnewtechnology,thatmakesnewsandmoney.Thebasicpatentforthetheoryofmagneticrecordingdatesbackto1886.Manyoftheoriginalideasbehind
televisionoriginatefromthelate19thandearly20thcentury.EventheVolkswagenrear（后面）enginecarwasanticipated（預(yù)見(jiàn)）bya1904patentforacartwiththehorseattherear.
77.Thepassageismainlyabout_________
A.anapproachtopatentsB.theapplicationforpatents
C.theuseofpatentsD.theaccesstopatents
78.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
A.Whenapatentbecomesoutofeffect,itcanbere-patentedorextendedifnecessary.
B.Itisnecessaryforaninventortoapplyforapatentbeforehemakeshisinventionpublic.
C.Apatentholdermustpublicizethedetailsofhisinventionwhenitslegalperiodisover.
D.Onecangetallthedetailsofapatentedinventionfromalibraryattachedtothepatentoffice.
79.GeorgeValensi'spatentlasteduntil1971because_________
A.nobodywouldofferanyrewardforhispatentbeforethattime
B.hispatentcouldnotbeputtouseforanunusuallylongtime
C.therewerenotenoughTVstationstoprovidecolourprogrammes
D.thecolourTVreceiverwasnotavailableuntilthattime
80.Fromthepassagewelearnthat________
A.aninventionwillnotbenefittheinventorunlessitisreducedtocommercialpractice.
B.productsareactuallyinventionswhichweremadealongtimeago
C.itismuchcheapertobuyanoldpatentthananewone
D.patentexpertsoftenrecommendpatentstoothersbyconductingasearchthroughdeadpatents
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】逍遙右腦整理《高二地理知識(shí)點(diǎn)：物質(zhì)運(yùn)動(dòng)和能量交換2》，以及最全的高考備考資料，有語(yǔ)文、數(shù)學(xué)、英語(yǔ)、物理、化學(xué)、生物、政治、歷史、地理、文綜、理綜復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)資料，復(fù)習(xí)講義、聽(tīng)力材料、作文素材，歷年真題試題下載及答案解析，完備的資料庫(kù)為廣大考生提供全面的備考參考。
（1）大氣對(duì)太陽(yáng)輻射的削弱作用：①吸收作用：具有選擇性，臭氧吸收紫外線，水汽和二氧化碳吸收紅外線。對(duì)可見(jiàn)光吸收的很少。②反射作用：云層和顆粒較大的塵埃。云層的反射作用最顯著。③散射作用：空氣分子或微小塵埃，使一部分太陽(yáng)輻射不能到達(dá)地面。
�。�2）大氣對(duì)地面的保溫作用：大氣吸收地面輻射并產(chǎn)生大氣逆輻射（射向地面的大氣輻射），把部分熱量歸還給地面，云層越厚大氣逆輻射越強(qiáng)。
5、全球近地面有7個(gè)氣壓帶（高低壓相間分布），6個(gè)風(fēng)帶。
�。�1）低緯度環(huán)流：
①赤道低壓帶：因?yàn)闊崃ψ饔眯纬�，氣流輻合上升，易成云致雨，形成多雨帶。常年受其控制形成熱帶雨林氣候（亞馬孫平原、剛果盆地、東南亞的馬來(lái)群島）
②副熱帶高壓帶：因?yàn)閯?dòng)力作用而形成，氣流在30度緯度上空聚積而下沉，形成少雨帶（東亞季風(fēng)區(qū)除外），常年受其控制的地區(qū)形成熱帶沙漠氣候（北非的撒哈拉水沙漠、西亞的沙漠、北美美國(guó)西部的沙漠、南美智利、秘魯西部的沙漠、澳大利亞大沙漠）
③信風(fēng)帶：由副高吹向赤道低壓的氣流，在北半球右偏成東北信風(fēng)，在南半球左偏成東南信風(fēng)。
�。�2）中緯度環(huán)流：
④副極地低壓帶：由來(lái)自低緯的暖氣流與來(lái)自高緯的冷氣流相遇運(yùn)動(dòng)上升而形成。形成溫帶多雨帶。
�、葜芯曃黠L(fēng)帶：由副高吹向副極地低壓帶的氣流，在北半球右偏成西南風(fēng)，在南半球左偏成西北風(fēng)，習(xí)慣上叫西風(fēng)，受其常年控制的地區(qū)，在大陸西岸形成溫帶海洋性氣候。（歐洲西部、北美西部如加拿大的溫哥華附近、南美南端的安第斯山西側(cè)、澳大利亞南端及塔斯馬尼亞島、新西蘭等）
（3）高緯環(huán)流：
�、迾O地高壓帶：因?yàn)闊崃ψ饔枚纬�，冷空氣下沉，形成少雨帶。不過(guò)極地因?yàn)闅鉁氐停舭l(fā)更少，所以極地屬于降水量大于蒸發(fā)量的地區(qū)，為濕潤(rùn)地區(qū)。
⑦極地東風(fēng)帶：由極地高壓帶吹向副極地低壓帶的氣流，在地轉(zhuǎn)偏向力作用下，北半球右偏成東北風(fēng)，南半球左偏成東南風(fēng)。
�。�4）氣壓帶和風(fēng)帶的移動(dòng)：△移動(dòng)的原因：隨太陽(yáng)直射點(diǎn)的移動(dòng)而動(dòng)�！饕苿�(dòng)方向：就北半球而言，大致是夏季北移，冬季南移。
（5）單一氣壓帶或風(fēng)帶作用形成的氣候類型：熱帶雨林氣候（赤道低氣壓帶）、熱帶沙漠氣候（副熱帶高氣壓帶）、溫帶海洋性氣候（中緯西風(fēng)帶）。
（6）氣壓帶、風(fēng)帶移動(dòng)形成的氣候類型：熱帶草原氣候（夏季受赤道低氣壓帶控制，冬季受低緯信風(fēng)帶控制）、地中海氣候（夏季受副熱帶高氣壓帶控制，冬季受中緯西風(fēng)帶控制）。
本文來(lái)自：逍遙右腦記憶 http://yy-art.cn/gaoer/1121573.html
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