（原創(chuàng)精品）2013年普通高考英語科語法知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)

專題01 冠詞

冠詞分為不定冠詞（a, an），定冠詞（the），和零冠詞。

I. 不定冠詞的用法

1

指一類人或事，相當(dāng)于a kind of

A plane is a machine that can fly.

2

第一次提及某人某物，非特指

A boy is waiting for you.有個男孩在等你。

3

表示“每一”相當(dāng)于every，one

We study eight hours a day.

4

表示“相同”相當(dāng)于the same

We are nearly of an age.

5

用于人名前，表示不認(rèn)識此人或與某名人有類似性質(zhì)的人或事

— Hello, could I speak to r. Smith?

—Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ r. Smith here.

A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one

That boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷鋒）

6

用于固定詞組中

a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time

7

用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后

This room is rather a big one.

8

用于so(as, too, how)+形容詞之后

She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.

9

用于抽象名詞具體化的名詞前

success(抽象名詞)→a success(具體化) 成功的人或事

a failure 失敗的人或事 a shame 帶恥辱的人或事

a pity 可惜或遺憾的事 a must 必需必備的事

a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知識

II. 定冠詞的用法

1

表示某一類人或物

In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular means of transportation.

A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the

2

用于世上獨(dú)一無二的事物名詞前

the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean

3

表示說話雙方都了解的或上提到過的人或事

Would you mind opening the door?

4

用于演奏樂器

play the violin, play the guitar

5

用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人

the reach, the living, the wounded

6

表示“一家人”或“夫婦”（對比上的不定冠詞用法5）

—Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons, please?
—Sorry, we don’t have ____ Johnson here in the village.
A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; /

7

用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級最高級前

He is the taller of the two children.

8

用于國家黨派等以及江河湖海，川群島的名詞前

the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French

9

用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前

The compass was invented in China.

10

在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀(jì)的某個年代

in the 1990’s(二十世紀(jì)九十年代)

11

用于表示度量單位的名詞前

I hired the car by the hour.

12

用于方位名詞，身體部位名詞

He patted me on the shoulder.

III. 不用冠詞（又名零冠詞）的用法

1

專有名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞，人名地名等名詞前

Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air

2

名詞前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制

I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?

3

季節(jié)，月份，星期，節(jié)假日，一日三餐前

arch, Sunday, National Day, spring

4

表示職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前

Lincoln was made President of America.

5

表示球類，棋類等運(yùn)動的名詞前

He likes playing football/chess.

6

與by連用表示交通方式的名詞前

We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across ______ continent.

A. the; the B.不填；the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填

7

以and連接的兩個相對的名詞并用時

husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night

8

表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前

Horses are useful animals.

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