Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 發(fā)明家及其發(fā)明
核心詞匯
1．The driver took a(n)____________(突然的)turn and made his car roll down the road.
2．They invited her to visit their house on a(n)____________(方便的)date.
3．You may safely climb those steps；they’re quite____________(穩(wěn)固的)．
4．What are your____________(標(biāo)準(zhǔn))for judging a bottle of wine?
5．Every member in the committee thinks that his plan is ideal rather than____________(實(shí)際的)．
6．In the hard times，she ____________(忍受)the pain with great courage.
7．It occurred to him that he might____________(抓住)the chance to declare his own innocence.
8．Dad always drives with____________(小心)although he has driven for more than 20 years.
9．She ____________herself by her kindness and bravery as well
as a____________novelist.(distinguish)
10．用freeze的適當(dāng)形式填空
(1)Tonight，temperature will fall below ____________point.
(2)I_____________with terror as the door slowly opened.
1.abrupt 2.convenient 3.stable 4.criteria 5.practical,6.bore 7.seize 8.caution 9.distinguished；distinguished 10.freezing；froze
高頻短語
1．________________ 給……打電話
2．________________ 偶爾；有時(shí)
3．________________ 開始；著手
4．________________ 迅速把手伸入；一心投入
5．________________ 開始(做)
6．________________ 不掛斷；稍等；緊緊握住
7．________________ 次序顛倒；發(fā)生故障
8．________________ 設(shè)法聯(lián)系上(尤指打通電話)；(設(shè)法)做完；通過
9．________________ 回復(fù)電話
10．________________ 掛斷電話
1.call up 2.now and then 3.set about 4.dive into 5.set out(to do) 6.hang on 7.out of order 8.get through 9.ring back 10.ring off
重點(diǎn)句式
1．____________up，explore all around it，________before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to ________________.
跟隨它，在它的周圍探索，那么在你知道它之前，你將有值得考慮的某些東西占用你的大腦。
2．The criteria are __________________it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.
(評(píng)定)專利標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是很嚴(yán)格的，除非新的想法真是新穎的，否則很難被接受。
3．The next morning I got up early ____________the sun was hot.第二天早上，天還不是很熱，我就早早地起來了。
4．Now it’s __________________waiting and hoping.
現(xiàn)在只是一個(gè)等待和期望的事情。
1.Follow it；and； occupy your mind 2.so strict that 3.before 4.a matter of
知識(shí)詳解
1 .convenient adj. 便利的；方便的；就近的
(回歸課本P20)They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.
他們突然一下子就消失在附近的墻洞里去了。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P436)You’ll find these meals quick and convenient to prepare.
你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)準(zhǔn)備這樣的飯既快又省事。
②(牛津P436)A bicycle is often more convenient than a car in towns.
在城鎮(zhèn)騎自行車常常比開車更方便。
③(北京高考) Come and see me whenever it is convenient to you.
只要你方便，隨時(shí)過來看我。
④(朗文P441)Being able to pay bills over the Internet is a real convenience.
能通過因特網(wǎng)支付賬單確實(shí)非常方便。
⑤(朗文P441)I’ll call in two weeks to arrange a meeting at your convenience.
我會(huì)在兩周后打電話來把會(huì)議安排在您方便的時(shí)候。
[即境活用]
1．完成句子
(1)地鐵方便快捷，但上下班高峰時(shí)也會(huì)擁擠得可怕。
Trains are fast and ________，but rush hours can be terrible.
答案：convenient
(2)所有這些東西都給人們的生活帶來了極大的便利和歡樂。
These things all ________ ________ ________ and delight to people’s lives.
答案：bring great convenience
2 .distinguish vi.& vt. 辨別；顯示……的差別
(回歸課本P20)Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.
這回我有機(jī)會(huì)來表現(xiàn)一下自己了，我要發(fā)明某種仁慈的東西，既可以把蛇抓到，又不會(huì)傷害到它們。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(朗文P588)The twins are so alike，it’s difficult to distinguish one from the other.
這對(duì)雙胞胎太像了，很難分辨出誰是誰。
②(牛津P580)At what age are children able to distinguish between right and wrong?
兒童到什么年齡才能明辨是非？
③(牛津P580)What was it that distinguished her from her classmates?
是什么使她有別于班上其他同學(xué)呢？
④(牛津P580)She has already distinguished herself as an athlete.
作為運(yùn)動(dòng)員她已享有盛名。
[即境活用]
2．信不信由你，我羨慕你卓越的成就。
Believe it or not，I ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：admire your distinguished achievements
3 .bear (bore，borne) vt. 忍受；忍耐；負(fù)擔(dān)；生育
(回歸課本P24)I cannot bear the smell of burnt sausage on the barbecue.
我忍受不了架子上烤香腸的味道。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P155)The pain was almost more than he could bear.
這種痛苦幾乎使他無法忍受。
②Why do I have to bear all the costs of repair?
為什么要我負(fù)擔(dān)所有的維修費(fèi)用？
③I can’t bear people smoking while he’s eating.
我無法忍受人們吃飯時(shí)吸煙。
④You must bear it in mind that your parents hope to depend on you to become a good doctor.
你要記住你的父母指望你成為一名好醫(yī)生。
[即境活用]
3．?Why did Bob cry?
?He couldn’t bear________like that before the whole class.
A．making fun of B．being made fun of
C．to be laughed D．being made fun
解析：選B。動(dòng)詞bear后跟v.?ing形式或動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語，且此處應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)形式。若選C，應(yīng)改為：to be laughed at。
4．I can’t stand ________with Jane in the same office.She just refuses ________talking while she works.
A．working；stopping
B．to work；stopping
C．working；to stop
D．to work；to stop
解析：選C。stand 作“忍受，容忍”講時(shí)，后跟動(dòng)詞ing 形式；refuse 后跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語，所以C項(xiàng)正確。
4 .associate vt. 聯(lián)想，聯(lián)系
n. 同伴，伙伴
(回歸課本P26)Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody’s life.
雖然人們常把他與電話的發(fā)明聯(lián)系在一起，但是他的確是一位永不停息的探索家，不斷尋求著改善人們生活質(zhì)量的途徑。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P104)He is closely associated in the public mind with horror movies.
在公眾的心目中，他總是和恐怖電影緊密聯(lián)系在一起。
②I don’t like these young men you’re associating with.
我不喜歡你結(jié)交的這些游手好閑的人。
③You must bear it in mind that you should never associate with bad companions.
你必須要牢記千萬別和壞人交往。
④We are working in association with a local company to raise money for the homeless.
我們聯(lián)合一家當(dāng)?shù)氐墓�，為無家可歸的人籌款。
[即境活用]
5．他希望忘記跟他過去生活有聯(lián)系的一切東西，開始新的人生。
He wished to forget everything________ ________ ________ ________ ________and start a new life.
答案：associated with his former life
5 .set about 開始；著手(about 是介詞，其后常接名詞或動(dòng)名詞)
(回歸課本P20)I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them.
我著手研究蛇的習(xí)性，以便能找到捕蛇的最簡易的方法。
[歸納拓展]
set down 放下；記下；登記
set out (to do) 開始做；出發(fā)，動(dòng)身；
安排，擺放；陳述
[例句探源]
①(牛津P1823)We need to set about finding a solution.
我們得著手尋找一個(gè)解決方法。
②He set about his work as soon as he had finished his meal.
他一吃完飯就開始工作了。
[即境活用]
6．The moment she came back from work，she ________to clean the kitchen thoroughly.
A．set out B．set about
C．set off D．set up
解析：選A�？疾閯�(dòng)詞短語辨析。set out to do sth.著手做某事；set about doing sth.著手做某事；set off出發(fā)，動(dòng)身，使爆炸；set up成立，建立。
6 .call up 給……打電話；使……回憶起
(回歸課本P20)When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.
我給住在鄉(xiāng)下的母親打電話的時(shí)候，她感到很心煩。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(朗文P271)He called me up to tell me about it.
他打電話把那件事告訴了我。
②That picture calls up memories of a holiday I had when I was a child.
那張照片使我回憶起兒時(shí)一個(gè)假期的情景。
③The Ministry of Education calls on students to exercise for an hour every day.
教育部呼吁學(xué)生每天鍛煉一個(gè)小時(shí)。
④(朗文P274)The game was called off because of the bad weather.
比賽因天氣惡劣被取消。
⑤Why don’t you call on my sister when you’re in Brighton?
你到了布賴頓何不順便探望一下我姐姐呢？
[即境活用]
7．With the weather worsening，they have________the flight from London to Beijing.
A．called off B．called in
C．called out D．called for
解析：選A。考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：由于天氣變得越來越壞，他們已經(jīng)取消了從倫敦到北京的航班。call off取消(某項(xiàng)活動(dòng))，符合語境。call in請求，收回，召來；call out大聲喊叫，召集；call for需求，要求，去接(某人)。故B、C、D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均與語境不符。
8．?Please forgive me to________you________so late，but I have something urgent.
?That’s all right.What’s the matter?
A．call；by B．call；off
C．call；in D．call；up
解析：選D。考查短語辨析。call up給……打電話。句意：??請?jiān)徫疫@么晚給你打電話，但是我有急事。??沒關(guān)系，什么事？call by順路來一下；call off取消；call in順路(到某處或某人的家)。
9．?Sorry，but I have to________now.I have a train to catch.
?Goodbye！Wish you a pleasant journey.
A．ring out B．call out
C．call on D．ring off
解析：選D。考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。ring off掛斷電話。
7 .get through 設(shè)法聯(lián)系上(尤指打通電話)；(設(shè)法)做完；
通過
(回歸課本P26)I can’t get through.
我打不通電話。
[歸納拓展]
get into 進(jìn)入；陷入；染上(習(xí)慣)
get off (從……)下來；下車；脫下(衣服等)；
(使)動(dòng)身；(飛機(jī))起飛
get over 越過(墻等)；克服(困難、偏見等)；從
(病、損失等)中恢復(fù)過來
[例句探源]
①(朗文P868)When she finally got through，the manager wasn’t there.
當(dāng)她終于打通電話時(shí)，經(jīng)理卻不在那兒。
②(朗文P868)Are you willing to stand by him and get him through this difficult time?
你愿意支持他，幫助他度過這段困難時(shí)期嗎？
③(陜西高考)Many homeless people get into the habit of begging to get enough money to stay alive.
許多無家可歸的人開始養(yǎng)成乞討謀生的習(xí)慣。
[即境活用]
10．(2009年高考四川卷)?Have you________？
?No.I had the wrong number.
A．got in B．got away
C．got off D．got through
解析：選D。句意：??你打通電話了嗎？??沒有，我撥錯(cuò)號(hào)碼了。get in進(jìn)入，抵達(dá)，收獲；get away走開，逃脫；get off(從……)下來，出發(fā)，下班，逃脫懲罰；get through完成，度過，通過，講清楚，打通電話。
句型梳理
1【教材原句】
Prepared with some research findings，I decided on three possible approaches...(P20)
有一些研究發(fā)現(xiàn)作準(zhǔn)備，我決定了三種可能的方法……
【句法分析】 Prepared with some research findings為過去分詞短語作狀語，相當(dāng)于謂語動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)的狀語從句，該動(dòng)作和主句的主語之間存在著邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。
①(2009年高考福建卷)Reminded not to miss the flight at 15∶20，the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.
被提醒不要錯(cuò)過15∶20 的航班，經(jīng)理匆忙去了飛機(jī)場。
②Given more time，he can do it better.
如果給予他更多的時(shí)間，他會(huì)把它做得更好。
③Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.
＝When it is seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.
從山頂往下看，這座公園看起來更加漂亮。
④Encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.
＝As he is encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.
由于受到所取得進(jìn)步的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。
11．(2009年高考北京卷)________twice，the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.
A．Being bitten B．Bitten
C．Having bitten D．To be bitten
解析：選B。句意：因?yàn)閮纱伪灰�，郵遞員拒絕給我們投遞信件，除非我們拴住我們的狗。過去分詞作原因狀語。主句主語the postman與bite構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除C項(xiàng)；D項(xiàng)為動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語表示還未發(fā)生；A項(xiàng)表進(jìn)行；B項(xiàng)表示之前兩次被咬，故選B。
[即境活用]
2【教材原句】 Follow it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.(P25)
跟隨它，在它的周圍探索，那么在你知道它之前，你將有值得考慮的某些東西占用你的大腦。
【句法分析】 本題考查“祈使句＋and/then/or/＋陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。
①Work harder and/then you will succeed in your studies.
＝If you work harder，you’ll succeed in your studies.
＝Working harder，you will succeed in your studies.
如果你更加努力學(xué)習(xí)，在學(xué)習(xí)上你就會(huì)成功。
②Study hard，or you’ll fail in your exams.
＝If you don’t study hard，you’ll fail in your exams.
＝Y(jié)ou will fail in your exams unless you study hard.
如果你不刻苦學(xué)習(xí)，你就會(huì)考不及格。
[即境活用]
12．(2011年湖南師大附中檢測)?Mum，I am afraid I won’t do well in the coming test.
?Honey，________more careful，________you will make it。
A．is；so B．be；and
C．be；then D．being；and
解析：選B。句意：??媽媽，我恐怕考不好了。??寶貝，再仔細(xì)些，你就會(huì)考好的。“祈使句＋and＋陳述句”相當(dāng)于由if 引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句。此句可變?yōu)椋篒f you are more careful，you will make it.。
13．One more day，________I’ll get everything ready.
A．or B．while
C．a(chǎn)nd D．but
解析：選C。考查特殊句式。此句是“祈使句＋and＋簡單句”句型，相當(dāng)于“If I have one more day，I’ll get everything ready.”。
14．(2011年江南十校測試)?Can you help me?
?Yes.________your teacher’s advice，in my opinion，and everything will be OK.
A．Follow B．Following
C．To follow D．Followed
解析：選A。此題考查句型“祈使句＋and＋一般陳述句”，in my opinion在句中作插入語。
作文指導(dǎo)
圖畫類作文
【體裁導(dǎo)航】
圖畫類的材料直觀、形象、生動(dòng)，具有很大的自由發(fā)揮空間，所以，近幾年一直是高考英語寫作題的考查形式。
圖畫類材料的圖片可能是一幅或幾幅，也可能以漫畫形式出現(xiàn)；其寫作體裁更不固定，可以記敘，可以說明，也可以議論。但無論是何種形式，何種體裁，其寫作的過程及要求基本相同。
1．認(rèn)真觀察圖片所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容或內(nèi)涵，分清圖與圖之間的關(guān)系，甚至要考慮到圖片表達(dá)的是何時(shí)、何地、什么人、什么事、過程和結(jié)果等。
2．考慮用什么樣的體裁來寫(記敘、說明、議論都有可能)，從而確定你的寫作模式。是日記、通知，要注意其格式；是書信、Email，要注意其特定的要求或組成部分；是議論，則要把握好論點(diǎn)的設(shè)立，論據(jù)的選擇和論證的拓展等。
3．文章的過渡詞、過渡段在圖畫類的書面表達(dá)中起著關(guān)鍵的“潤滑”作用，可見，如何串點(diǎn)成文，整體劃一，關(guān)聯(lián)詞必不可少。
4．如何開頭才能做到“先聲奪人”，怎樣結(jié)尾才能令人“回味無窮”，也是要通盤考慮的問題。
【寫作示例】
請仔細(xì)觀察以下五幅圖，根據(jù)圖中信息用英語寫一篇有關(guān)第三中學(xué)優(yōu)秀學(xué)生方芳的短文。
要求：1.要點(diǎn)齊全，適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)；
2.條理清晰，行文連貫；
3.詞數(shù)：150左右。
【寫作要領(lǐng)】
本篇書面表達(dá)屬于看圖說話類。寫作時(shí)，首先看清要求，認(rèn)真審題，確定文體、人稱和時(shí)態(tài)。這是一篇故事性的記敘文，主體時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)為一般過去時(shí)，應(yīng)用第三人稱來寫。
其次，通過對(duì)五幅圖的認(rèn)真觀察，得出故事的主要情節(jié)：一天夜里，風(fēng)刮得很大。方芳凌晨兩點(diǎn)鐘起床，趕到學(xué)校，把窗戶關(guān)好后回家。
然后仔細(xì)觀察每一幅圖，注意圖畫之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，不放過每一處細(xì)節(jié)，如圖畫中鐘表的時(shí)間為兩點(diǎn)鐘。
最后，根據(jù)以上的觀察和分析，開始用英文進(jìn)行寫作。寫作時(shí)注意不但要把每一幅圖的信息表達(dá)出來，還要注意圖畫之間的銜接，注意使用必要的連接詞并照顧到首尾呼應(yīng)。
【金點(diǎn)模板】
第一幅和第二幅圖(兩幅圖可根據(jù)需要放在一起進(jìn)行描述)
One night，at about 2 o’clock，it began to blow outside./It was at 2 o’clock in the early morning that it began to blow.
The wind was so strong that the noise woke up Fang Fang.
The wind stuck the window open，and she felt a bit cold.
She knew a heavy rain would soon arrive.She thought of her classroom.
She wondered whether the students on duty had closed the windows properly.
She got up and put on her clothes.
第三幅圖
She decided to go out right away and get to the school before the rain came.
She opened the door and rushed out into the dark to the school.
On the way，the strong wind made it difficult for her to go forward quickly.In spite of this，she ran as fast as possible，and finally she got to the school.
第四幅圖
She hurried to her classroom and opened the door.
She turned on the lights and found that all the windows were open.
The strong wind made it difficult for her to shut up all the windows.It was difficult for her to .../She made great efforts to...
She made sure that all the windows were closed properly.
第五幅圖
She turned off the lights and left the classroom.
As soon as she got home，the rain started to pour down.
No sooner had she got home than the rain began to pour down.
Hardly had she got home when the rain began to pour down.
Upon/On getting home，she found the rain began to pour down.
【范文點(diǎn)評(píng)】
①It was nearly at 2 o’clock in the early morning that the wind began to blow outside.It was so strong that the noise woke up Fang Fang.②The wind blowing through the windows that were struck open made her feel a bit cold.She realized that a heavy rain would soon arrive.③Suddenly she thought of the windows in the classroom and wondered whether the students on duty had closed the windows properly or not.④Without hesitation，she began to put on her clothes，opened the door and rushed out into the dark to her school.
⑤On the way，the strong wind made it difficult for her to go forward.In spite of this，she ran as fast as possible and finally managed to get to the school before the rain came.⑥She hurried to her classroom，turned on the lights，and found that some of the windows were open.⑦She made great efforts to shut up all the windows one by one，fighting against the heavy wind.⑧After making sure that all the windows were properly closed，she turned off the lights and left the classroom.Hardly had she got home when the rain started to pour down.⑨Tired and sleepy as she was，she felt happy about the meaningful thing she had done.
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】
①該句使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，突出事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間是凌晨兩點(diǎn)。
②現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾the wind，更加生動(dòng)形象；用定語從句強(qiáng)調(diào)風(fēng)大。
③使用并列復(fù)合句，使文章句式更加多樣化。
④介詞短語用得恰到好處；一系列謂語動(dòng)詞的并列使用展現(xiàn)出她當(dāng)時(shí)急切的心情和迅速的動(dòng)作。
⑤it作形式賓語。
⑥三個(gè)并列謂語表明動(dòng)作的連貫與迅速，符合她當(dāng)時(shí)的心情。
⑦短語make efforts to do 的使用非常貼切；現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，突出她當(dāng)時(shí)關(guān)窗的難度之大。
⑧準(zhǔn)確地應(yīng)用了hardly...when...句式。
⑨使用as引導(dǎo)的倒裝句式，使文章句式豐富。
【類題嘗試】
(2011年北京海淀區(qū)第二學(xué)期期末考試)假設(shè)你是某中學(xué)的學(xué)生，3月22日(世界水日)你參加了你班開展的一系列節(jié)水宣傳活動(dòng)。請根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序，以日記的形式記錄當(dāng)天的活動(dòng)內(nèi)容。注意：詞數(shù)不少于150。
參考詞匯：宣傳材料?leaflets；危機(jī)?crisis
March 22,2010 Monday Sunny
Today is World Water Day._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
March_22,2010 Monday Sunny
Today is World Water Day.In the morning，we had a class meeting talking about what to do on this special day.Finally，we reached an agreement and immediately began to make preparations for the afternoon’s activities.
At 2∶00 p．m.we went to the neighboring community to hand out leaflets，calling on people to save water.Around 3 o’clock，the expert we invited made an excellent speech on the current water crisis in China.He talked about the draught in the Southeast and the severe shortage of water in out city.The speech had a strong appeal to all the people present，including me.
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