1 equal vt. 等于，與……相等(＝be equal to)；比得上
adj. (大小、數(shù)量、程度)相等的；勝任的
n． 同等的人和物
(回歸課本P41)All human beings are equal.人人平等。
11
歸納總結(jié)
(1)equal＋n.(in＋n.)(在……方面)比得上，與……匹敵；與……相等,
(2)feel/be equal to sth./doing sth.等于；能勝任,
(3)be equal with與……平等,
(4)without (an) equal無人可比的
例句探源
①(牛津在線)She’s the equal of her brother as far as intelligence is concerned.
論智力，她和她哥哥不相上下。
②He somehow felt equal to carrying out the plan.
他總覺得似乎能夠?qū)嵭心琼椨媱潯?br />③Trade should balance when supply equals demand.
供需相當(dāng)時貿(mào)易便達(dá)到平衡。
④His paintings are without equal in the Western world.
他的畫在西方世界首屈一指。
即境活用
1．Running a company is not________a matter of hiring people— they also need to be trained.
A．simply B．partly C．seriously D．equally
解析：選A。句意是：經(jīng)營一家公司不僅僅是雇傭工人的問題——他們也需要被培訓(xùn)。simply“僅僅；簡單地”；partly“部分地”；seriously“嚴(yán)肅地”；equally“相同地”。
2.Fitness is important in sport，but of at least ________importance are skills.
A．fail B．reasonable C．equal D．proper
解析：選C。該題考查形容詞作定語的用法。應(yīng)注意根據(jù)句意選用意義恰當(dāng)?shù)男稳菰~。該句的正常語序為“...but skills are of at least________importance”。equal importance表示“同等重要的”。
2 order n． 秩序；次序，順序；整齊；命令；訂購；訂單；點飯(菜)
vt. 命令；訂購；安排
(回歸課本P43)He stressed the importance of kindness ，duty and order in society.
他強調(diào)了仁愛、責(zé)任和社會秩序的重要性。
歸納總結(jié)
例句探源
①It will be quite in order for you to make this suggestion at our next meeting.
你在我們下次會議上提這個建議很合適。
②Then they call out our names in order and we answer yes or no.
隨后，他們依次點我們的名字，我們則回答到與否。
③The names are listed in alphabetical order.
姓名是按字母順序排列的。
④Some teachers find it difficult to keep their classes in order.
有些老師覺得難以維持課堂秩序。
⑤The doctor ordered me to take a rest for a month.
＝The doctor ordered that I (should) take a rest for a month.
醫(yī)生指示我要休息一個月。
即境活用
3．John saved his money________he can buy a bicycle.
A．in case B．in order that C．in order to D．a(chǎn)s though
解析：選B�？疾閕n order that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的用法。本句意為“約翰為了買自行車把錢都存了起來�！眎n case表示“以防；萬一”；as though表示“好像”，與題意不符；而若選C則應(yīng)表達(dá)為．..in order to buy a bicycle。
4. He ordered that the work ________at once.
A．started B．was started C．start D．be started
解析：選D。order表示“命令”，后跟定語從句，從句要用虛擬語氣，即sb.should do...，其中should可以省略，本句中因為從句的主語為the work，所以應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)(should)be started。本句意為“他下令立即開展工作�！�
3 invent vt. 發(fā)明；捏造；虛構(gòu)
(回歸課本P47)For example，it is the country in which silk was first invented.
例如，絲綢最先發(fā)明于這個國家。
歸納總結(jié)
例句探源
①The Chinese invented the compass.
中國人發(fā)明了指南針。
②Abner Doubleday invented baseball in 1839.
阿布納?道布爾迪于1839年發(fā)明了棒球。
③(朗文P297)Kai invented some excuse about having a headache.
卡伊編了個頭疼的借口。
④(牛津P1075)Such changes have not been seen since the invention of the printing press.
自從發(fā)明了印刷機，這種變革還沒有出現(xiàn)過。
易混辨析
discover，find，invent，create
(1)discover發(fā)現(xiàn)的對象本身存在，但主語不知道，如科學(xué)真理、新的區(qū)域等，有時也泛指“發(fā)現(xiàn)”某種情況、丟失的東西。
(2)find作“發(fā)現(xiàn)”講，其常用結(jié)構(gòu)是find＋賓語＋補足語。find接that從句則表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)一個事實、一個道理”。
(3)invent指“發(fā)明”，發(fā)明以前沒有的新東西，如工具、機器、材料、方法等，也可指“捏造”某種不誠實的借口、理由等。
(4)create則指有目的地把原材料制成新產(chǎn)品，也指創(chuàng)造出原來不存在的或與眾不同的事物。
①Some believe the universe was created by a explosion.
②She found that no one could answer the question.
③Edison invented the electric light.
④Police discovered a large stash of drugs while searching the house.
即境活用
5．完成句子
We must________________for our absence.
我們必須為缺席編造一個借口。
答案：invent an excuse
4 contribution n． [C]貢獻，投稿；[U]捐獻，捐助；捐獻的物品(或錢)(回歸課本P46)
歸納總結(jié)
例句探源
①Does smoking contribute to lung cancer?
吸煙會導(dǎo)致肺癌嗎？
②This week’s issue has contributions from several wellrespected journalists.
這期周刊有幾位德高望重的新聞記者的稿件。
③Day centres for the elderly make a valuable contribution to the overall service.
照顧老人的日托中心為整個服務(wù)事業(yè)作出了可貴的貢獻。
④I made a contribution of $10,000 to his hometown.
我向他的家鄉(xiāng)捐獻了一萬美元。
⑤He contributed generously to the Red Cross.
他對紅十字會慷慨捐助。
即境活用
6．Some of the most important achievements in physics________their success to these mathematical systems.
A．oblige B．owe C．contribute D． devote
解析：選B。oblige sb.to do sth.表示“強迫某人做某事”；owe...to...表示“把……歸功于”；contribute...to...表示“把……貢獻于……”；devote...to...表示“把……致力于……”。根據(jù)句意“一些最重要的物理方面的成就之所以獲得成功應(yīng)歸功于這些數(shù)學(xué)體系�！笨芍獞�(yīng)選B。
7.We can see monuments here and there.Those who have made a great ________to human beings and society will never be forgotten.
A．a(chǎn)dvance B．progress C．contribution D．a(chǎn)chievement
解析：選C�？疾樵~義辨析。achievement指“成就”；progress指“進步”；advance指“前進；進步”；這里make a contribution to表示“為……作出貢獻”。本句意為“我們到處可見紀(jì)念碑，那些為人類和社會作出巨大貢獻的人將永垂不朽�！彼赃xC。
5 bring up 撫養(yǎng)；教育；提出；嘔吐；使(車輛等)突然停��；(船等)停下/到終點
(回歸課本P43)His father died when he was young，and he was brought up by his mother.
他小的時候，父親就去世了，他是由母親撫養(yǎng)大的。
歸納總結(jié)
例句探源
①They have brought up their sons to stand on their own feet.
他們已把兒子們撫養(yǎng)長大，能自食其力了。
②All children should be brought up to respect their parents and teachers.
應(yīng)該教育所有的兒童尊敬父母和老師。
③All these problems were brought up at the last meeting.
所有這些問題都在上次會議上被提出來過。
④The greedy child brought up all he had eaten.
這個饞嘴的孩子把吃的東西都吐出來了。
即境活用
8．He was________by his aunt in a small mountain village.
A．grown up B．come up C．brought up D． brought about
解析：選C。grow up和come up分別意為“長大”和“被提出來”，是不及物動詞短語，都不能用于被動語態(tài)；bring about表示“引起；導(dǎo)致”；bring up 是及物動詞短語，表示“撫養(yǎng)；養(yǎng)育”。本句意為“他由他的姑姑在一個小山村撫養(yǎng)長大�！�
9.His idea of having weekly family meals together，which seemed difficult at first，has ________many good changes in their lives.
A．got through B．grew up C．turned into D．brought about
解析：選D。get through表示“穿過；完成”；grow up 表示“長大”；turn into表示“變?yōu)椤�；bring about表示“引起；導(dǎo)致”。本句意為“他的每周進行家庭聚餐的主意，起初似乎很困難，但給他們的生活帶來了一些好的變化。”
6 for the first time 第一次(在句中作時間狀語)
(回歸課本P49)With the Industrial Revolution，factories appeared and mass production became possible for the first time.
隨著工業(yè)革命的發(fā)展，工廠出現(xiàn)了，產(chǎn)品的批量生產(chǎn)第一次成為可能。
歸納總結(jié)
the＋序數(shù)詞＋time可作連詞，引導(dǎo)一個狀語從句。其重點不是強調(diào)某一次做了什么事，而是敘述某一動作或情況，即第幾次做某事的時候。這時不能與for連用，并且time后不用when。
It is time for sb.to do sth.；It is (high) time that sb.did sth.,第二個句型用一般過去時表達(dá)虛擬語氣，表示“是該某人做某事的時候了”。
例句探源
①They came to Beijing for the first time.
他們第一次來到北京。
②When I went to Shenzhen for the first time，it was not much bigger than a town.
我第一次去深圳的時候，深圳比一個城鎮(zhèn)大不了多少。
③The first time I went abroad I could hardly understand what the foreigners said.
我第一次出國時幾乎聽不懂老外說些什么。
即境活用
10.The little boy showed great interest________chemistry when he was doing it________the first time.
A．in；for B．on；for C．in；on D．for；at
解析：選A。show interest in“對……感興趣”；for the first time“第一次”。
11．完成句子
________________________，I knew that he was an honest man.我第一次見到他，我就知道他是個誠實的人。
答案：The first time I met him
句型梳理
1【教材原句】 But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.(P43)
但那也是一個產(chǎn)生了許多哲學(xué)家的時期。
【句法分析】 本句中的a time表示“一段時間”，后面接定語從句時，常用when或“at/during等＋which”引導(dǎo)定語從句，譯為“一個……的時期”。
There is/was a time when...有一段時間……
It (That)is/was the first(second，third...)time that...
這/那是第一次(第二次，第三次……)……
①It was a time when all the children were expected to study hard.那是一個人們都期望孩子們努力學(xué)習(xí)的時期。
②There are times when I wonder what you’re talking about.有幾次我不知道你在說什么。
③Andrew’s been promoted？That’s the first time I’ve heard about it.安德魯升職了？這事我頭一次聽到。
即境活用
12．There was ________time________I hated to go to school.
A．a(chǎn)；that B．a(chǎn)；when C．the；that D．the；when
解析：選B。句意：有那么一段時間，我不想去上學(xué)。句型為There is/was a time when...，意思是“有那么一段時間……”，when引導(dǎo)定語從句，不能省略，也不能用that替換。
13.完成句子
__________________________ we never needed to lock our house at night.
曾經(jīng)有那么一段時間，我們晚上不必要鎖門。
答案：There was a time when
2【教材原句】 Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.(P43)
孟子認(rèn)為人之所以不同于動物是因為人是向善的。
【句法分析】 第一個that引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，在賓語從句中，why引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾the reason；that man is good是表語從句。
the reason (why...)is that...(……的)原因是……
①The reason why I’m late is that I missed the bus.
我遲到的原因是沒有趕上公共汽車。
②The reason why he was driving so fast was that he would be late for an important meeting.
他把車開得這么快的原因是他參加重要會議要遲到了。
【注意】 reason用作定語從句先行詞時，首先判斷reason在定語從句中作什么成分，如果作狀語，則要使用關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)定語從句，而且why有時可省略；如作主語或賓語，則使用關(guān)系代詞that/which引導(dǎo)定語從句。
③I didn’t believe the reason (that/which) he gave me.
我不相信他給我的理由。
即境活用
14.The reason ________I was late for the school was ________I was held up by traffic jam in the morning.
A．why；because B．that；that C．that；because D．why；that
解析：選D。the reason后跟定語從句時，用why引導(dǎo)，表語從句用that引導(dǎo)，構(gòu)成“The reason why...is that...”句型。
15．(高考上海卷)One reason for her preference for city life is ________she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.
A．that B．how C．what D．why
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