定語從句
【2012年高考命題預(yù)測】
定語從句也是高考英語的重要語法，是歷年考查的熱點。2012年高考對定語從句的考查主要體現(xiàn)在：1、關(guān)系代詞that和which的區(qū)別；2、關(guān)系代詞which和as的區(qū)別；3、介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句；4、定語從句與其他從句的區(qū)別。
【重難點突破】
【概述】定語從句是一種作定語用的從句，修飾主句中的一個名詞或代詞；定語從句所修飾的詞叫做先行詞。
⒈ 定語從句要跟在先行詞的后面。
⒉ 定語從句可分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句兩種。
⒊ 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有兩種：
　　關(guān)系代詞：that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等
　　關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why 等
⒋ 關(guān)系詞的作用：引導(dǎo)定語從句；代替先行詞；在定語從句中作成分。
一、定語從句中關(guān)系詞的使用：
⒈ 如果修飾人，一般用關(guān)系代詞who, whom, whose 或that。在定語從句中作主語的一般用who或that, 作賓語的一般用whom, who或that, 作定語并具有物主性質(zhì)的用whose。（在定語從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞可省略）關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
（2011?四川卷）17．The school shop, customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays．【B】
A．which B．whose C．when D．where[來源:Zxxk.Com]
（2011?福建卷）24．She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to communicate freely with each other．【A】
A．which B．where C．what D．who
⒉ 如果修飾事物，用關(guān)系代詞which 和that，作賓語時可省略。作介詞賓語時，如果介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前，則用which (不能省) ，而不用that（關(guān)系代詞that既能代人，又能代物）。whose也可用來指物（此時可用of which來代替），在定語從句中作定語。
（2011?全國新課標卷）31．The prize will go to the writer story shows the most imagination．【C】
A．that B．which C．whose D．what
（2011?江西卷）34．She showed he visitors around the museum, the construction______ has taken more than three years．【C】
A．for which B．with which C．of which D．to which
3. when指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語，有時也可用介詞+which來代替。
（2011?天津卷）10．The days are gone _____ physical strength was all you needed to make a living．【A】
A．when B．that C．where D．which[來源:學(xué)科網(wǎng)ZXXK]
4. where指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語，有時也可用介詞+which來代替。
（2011?陜西卷）11．I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. 【B】
A．which B．where C．who D．that
5. why指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語，常可用for+ which來代替。
　Do you know the reason why/for which he came so late?　
判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞
　 方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如：
　 This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 這是我去年呆過的山村。
　 I\'ll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永遠不會忘記與你共事的日子。
　 判斷改錯：
　 （錯） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
　 （錯） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
　 （對） This is the mountain village （which） I visited la st year.
　 （對） I\'ll never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside.
　　習(xí)慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。
　 方法二： 準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
　 A. where　B. that　 C. on which　 D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
　 A. where　B. that　 C. on which　　D. the one
答案：例1 D，例2 A
例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
　　在句1中，所缺部分為賓語，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。
　　而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點狀語。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對，所以選A。
　　關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時，選擇關(guān)系代詞（who, whom, that, which, whose）； 先行詞在從句中做狀語時，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞 （ where 地點狀語，when 時間狀語，why 原因狀語） 。
二、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句
限制性定語從句與主句的關(guān)系密切，對先行詞有修飾限制作用，如果去掉，主句的意義將不完整或失去意義；非限制性定語從句與主句的關(guān)系不太密切，只對先行詞有附加說明作用，如去掉，主句的意思仍完整；限制性定語從句和主句之間不用逗號分開，修飾的先行詞可是名詞，名詞詞組或代詞；而非限制性定語從句常用逗號和主句隔開，可修飾主句的某一個詞，也可以修飾整個句子。另外，在關(guān)系詞的使用上：限制性定語從句作賓語時可以省略，在非限制性定語從句中不可省略；限制性定語從句中可用that，而非限制性定語從句中不可使用that。
（2011?浙江卷）8．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures ,each of____ uses it somewhat differently ．【A】
A．which B．what C．them D．those
（2011?湖南卷）25．Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of ____ she spoke fluently. 【C】
A．who B．whom C．which D．that
（2010重慶）28. In china, the number of cities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world. 【C】
A. where B. whichC. whose D. that
（10全國Ⅱ）16. I refuse to accept the blame for something _____was someone else’s fault. 【B】
A. who B. that C. as D. what
定語從句的常見考點：
⒈ one of + the +復(fù)數(shù)名詞　后面定語從句中謂語單復(fù)數(shù)情況：
跟定語從句所靠近的那個復(fù)數(shù)名詞在數(shù)上保持一致，通常用復(fù)數(shù)。但如果這一結(jié)構(gòu)前面有the only之類的限定語，后面定語從句的謂語動詞則要用單數(shù)形式。
This is one of the books that are required for study at school.
He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.
⒉ 定語從句中用that而不用which的情況：
1）、先行詞是不定代詞時，如：everything, anything, any, something, little, much等。
We should do all that is useful to the people.
2）、先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, much等詞修飾時。
I have read all the books that you gave me.　。
3）、先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時。
This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.　
4）、先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時。
This is the very book that I want to find.　
5）、先行詞既有人又有物時。
They are talking about the factory, the leaders and the workers that they visited yesterday.
6）、主句是以who 或which 開頭的疑問句時。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
7）、關(guān)系代詞本身是定語從句的表語時。
My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.　
⒊ 定語從句中宜用which而不用that 的情況：
1）、當關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時。
Is this the room in which he lives?　
2）、在非限制性定語從句中。
（2011?浙江卷）8．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures ,each of____ uses it somewhat differently ．【A】
A．which B．what C．them D．those
3）、當關(guān)系代詞后面有插入語時。
Here is the English grammar book which, as I had told you, will help improve your English.
在一個句子中有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關(guān)系詞用了that，另一個宜用which。
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly opened to us.　　
給你看看我從新開放的圖書館借來的一本小說。
⒋ 關(guān)系代詞as 和which的選用：
在形式上as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面，而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面；在意義上，as定語從句和主句的關(guān)系一般為一致關(guān)系，常譯為“正如…，就象…”，而which定語從句和主句的關(guān)系是因果關(guān)系，或which從句是對主句的評論。
The room hasn’t been cleaned for weeks, which makes it very dirty.
He was late again, as we had expected.　　他又遲到了，正如我們所料。
另外，在such…as…, the same…as…, as…as, so…as等結(jié)構(gòu)中，as引導(dǎo)定語從句，此時不能用which代替。(這種定語從句常采用省略形式)
I have never seen such a lazy man as you.我從來沒見過你這樣懶的人。
Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.　這個大石塊太大沒人能把它舉起來。
⒌ 先行詞為situation、case、occasion、point時，常用where引導(dǎo)定語從句。
Can you point out a situation where this word can be used?　你能指出這個單詞使用的場合嗎
You have got to the point where a change is needed.　你已經(jīng)發(fā)展到非改不可的地步了。
⒍ 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，謂語動詞要和先行詞的性、數(shù)保持一致。
（2011?山東卷）32．The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other．【D】
A．they B．whereC．what D．that
⒎ 定語從句中不要重復(fù)了關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞所替代的部分。
誤：Thi s is the place that I have visited it.　
這就是我參觀過的那個地方。
應(yīng)去掉it, 因that 代替先行詞the place 在定語從句中作visit的賓語，再加it就是多余的了。
⒏ 定語從句中不要加多余的關(guān)系副詞或介詞。
誤：The house where he lives in needs repairing.
應(yīng)刪去關(guān)系副詞where, 因為where在這里的意思是in which, 否則介詞in就重復(fù)了�；虮Ａ魒here, 刪去從句里的in.
由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句
1. 由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句主要用于正式文體，在非正式文體中通常將介詞放至句末。如：This is the man to whom I referred. 我指的就是這個人。This is the man (whom) I referred to. 我指的就是這個人。
2. 直接用于介詞后作賓語的關(guān)系代詞which不能換成that，直接用于介詞后作賓語的關(guān)系代詞whom不能換成who。但若介詞用于句末，則用作賓語的which, whom也可換成that, who，或者省略不同。如：這是一個我們討論了許多的問題。(which不能換成that，也不能省略)This is a subject which we have talked about a lot. 這是一個我們討論了許多的問題。(which可以換成that，也可以省略)
3. 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why根據(jù)情況有時可換成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞which”。如： That is the day when [=on which] he was born. 那就是他出生的日子。That is the house where [=in which] he lived. 那就是他住過的房子。That is the reason why [=for which] he must apologize. 那就是他必須道歉的原因。4. 在很正式的文體中，“介詞
4. +關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句可緊縮成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：在那兒孩子們有個玩耍的花園。正：There the children had a garden in which to play. (很正式)正：There the children had a garden in which they could play. (較正式)正：There the children had a garden to play in. (較口語化)注：這類“介詞+關(guān)系代詞++不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞不能沒有，也不能放在句末。如不能說There the children had a garden which to play in.
定語從句關(guān)系詞省略的6種情形
定語從句中關(guān)系詞省略的6種情形關(guān)系詞有時可以省略，但這只限于限制性定語從句中，在非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系詞則不可省略。
一、關(guān)系代詞作賓語時的省略當關(guān)系代詞who, whom, which和that在定語從句中用作動詞賓語或介詞位于句末時的介詞賓語時，可以省略。如：在定語從句中用作動詞賓語或介詞位于句末時的介詞賓語時，可以省略。如：Is there anything (which) you wanted? 想要什么東西嗎? Who is the man (that / who / whom) you were talking to? 剛才和你講話的人是誰?
二、關(guān)系代詞作表語時的省略當關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中用作表語時，可以省略。如：China is not the country (that) it was. 中國已不是過去的中國了。(that作表語)
三、關(guān)系代詞作賓補時的省略當關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中用作賓語補足時，可以省略。如：I’m not the madman (that) you thought me. 我并不是你所認為的那個瘋子。(that作賓語補語)
四、關(guān)系副詞when的省略用作時間狀語的關(guān)系副詞when通常不能省略，但有一種特殊情況，即用于day, year, time等少數(shù)幾個詞后時可以省略(也可換成that)也可換成。如：That was the year (that) I first went abroad. 就是那一年我第一次出國了。I’ll never forget the day (that) we met. 我永遠也忘不了我們見面的那一天。
五、關(guān)系副詞where的省略用作地點狀語的關(guān)系副詞where通常不能省略，但有一種特殊情況，即用于place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少數(shù)幾個詞后時可以省略(也可換成that)。如：This is the place (where) they met yesterday. 這就是他們昨天碰頭的地方。Have you somewhere (that) I can lie down for an hour? 你有沒有一個什么地方可以讓我躺一個小時？
六、關(guān)系副詞why的省略關(guān)系副詞why通常只用于the reason后引導(dǎo)定語從句，且通常可換成that或for which，均可省略。如：That’s the reason (why, for which, that) he came.
這就是他來的原因。
Give me one reason (why) we should help you. 給我舉出一個我們應(yīng)當幫助你的理由。 absent, nothing couldn’t be done. 由于他缺席，什么事也干不成。
定語從句的考查
一、疑問句中考查定語從句
1. Is this the farm ________ you visited last week？
A. where　　B. the one　C. on which　　D. /
【解析】答案是D。命題人經(jīng)常利用疑問句的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)來干擾學(xué)生的正確選擇。遇到這類定語從句時，最好的辦法是先把疑問句還原成陳述句，然后判斷誰是先行詞，再看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中所充當?shù)某煞郑�最后確定正確答案。
二、倒裝句中考查定語從句
2. We came to a place， ________ stood a big tower.
A. which　　B. that　　C. /　　D. where
【解析】正確答案是D。為了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒裝語序。倒裝的使用使定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)變得較為特殊，因此對于使用倒裝語序的定語從句，應(yīng)先把倒裝語序還原成正常語序，這樣句子結(jié)構(gòu)就比較清晰了。
三、 拆分詞組和固定搭配
3. The second is connected with the use ________ the body makes of food.
A. of which　　B. where　　C. to do　　D. that
4. Why can’t you realize the part ________ they have played in our life？
A. which　　B. on which　　C. when　　D. where
【解析】正確答案分別是D和A。一些詞組和搭配被拆開后，句子的含義就變得難以理解。首先把拆開的詞組復(fù)原是理解此類定語從句的關(guān)鍵。上述句子中包含以下詞組：make use of， play a part （in）。
四、添加插入語或狀語
5. The scientist has made another discovery， _______ I belie ve is of great importance.
A. that　　B. /　　C. which　　D. why
【解析】應(yīng)選擇C。這類句子主要利用插入語或狀語的添加來增加試題的難度。常見的插入語有：I think （suppose， expect， believe， imagine）， in my opinion， to tell you the truth等。做這類題目時，最佳的辦法是先刪去插入語或狀語，這樣句子的主干部分就一目了然了。
五、插入非謂語動詞
6. Is this the man ________ you want to have ________
the radio for me？
A. who；repaired　　B. that；repaired
C. whom；repairing　D. that；repair
【解析】D項正確。非謂語動詞是英語中難度較大的語法項目之一，因而在定語從句中加入非謂語動詞就成了學(xué)生最易失分的題目。對付這類題目最有效的辦法就是將句子還原。如：我們可以把幾個句子中的定語從句進行還原，還原后的句子應(yīng)是：You want to have the man repair the radio for me.
典型高考英語陷阱題詳解
1. The factory was built in a secret place, around ______ high mountains.
A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were
【陷阱】容易誤選A或B，將A 、B中的 which 和 it 誤認為是其后句子的主語。
【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一 個由"介詞+which"引出的非限制性定語從句，而在該從句中，主語是 high mountains，around which 是表語，所以句子謂語應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)were，而不是用單數(shù) was.請做以下類例題目（答案均為C）：
（1） Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _______ some fruit shops.
A. which is B. it is C. which are D. them are
（2） The murder happened in an old building, beside ______ the city police station.
A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are
（3） Next month we'll move to a new building, next to _______ a nice restaurant where we can have Chinese food.
A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are
2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, "Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?"
A. that B. which C. where D. what
【陷阱】容易誤選 B，認為 around 是介詞，選 which 用以代替前面的名詞 hospital，在此用作介詞 around 的賓語。
【分析】最佳答案為C。以上語法分析并不算錯，但問題是，照此分析，此句的意思即為：有沒有這樣一個醫(yī)院，我在它的附近可以買藥治我的手傷？這樣的語境顯然有點不合情理，因為人們通常是在醫(yī)院里面治傷，而不是在醫(yī)院附近治傷。此題選 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介詞，而是副詞，意為"在附近"；其后的 where 引導(dǎo)定語從句用以修飾其前的地點名詞 hospital，句意為：附近有沒有一家醫(yī)院，我可以去治我的手傷？
3. _____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
【陷阱】容易誤選 A，認為此處應(yīng)填一個形式主語。
【分析】最佳答案是 B。as 引導(dǎo)的是一個非限制性定語從句。比較下面一題：
_______ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
此題答案選 A，it 為形式主語，真正的主語是后面的 that 從句。
再比較下面一組題，其中第（1）題選 B，第（2）題選 D：
（1） ______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing.
A. Which B. As C. That D. It
（2） ______ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior school is increasing.
A. Which B. As C. That D. It
4. David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like.
A. that B. who C. as D. whom
【陷阱】此題容易誤選A，許多同學(xué)一看到題干中的such，再聯(lián)系到選項中的 that，便認為這是考查such ... that ...句式。況且，這樣理解意思也還通順。
【分析】最佳答案為C，不是A，因為在such ... that ... （如此......以至......）結(jié)構(gòu)中，that 引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句，并且 that 在從句中不充當句子成分，若在上句填入 such ... that ...，句末的動詞 like 缺賓語。選C的理由如下：as 用作關(guān)系代詞，用以引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾其前的名詞 boy，同時 as 在定語從句中用作動詞 like 的賓語，句意為"所有老師都喜歡的一位好男孩"。有的同學(xué)可能還會問，假若選A，能否將其后的 that 視為引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞呢？不能，因為當先行詞受到 such 的修飾時，其后的定語從句應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞 as 來引導(dǎo)，而不用that.比較下面一題，答案為A，因為 like 后有自己的賓語 him：
David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like him.
A. that B. who C. as D. whom
請再做以下試題（答案選D）：
It was not such a good dinner _______ she had promised us.
A. like B. that C. which D. as
5. The buses, most of _______ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.
A. that B. it C. them D. which
【陷阱】容易誤選 C，用 them 代指 the buses.
【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 為非限制性定語從句，修飾 the buses.類似地，以下各題也選D：
（1） His house, for _______ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000.
A. that B. it C. them D. which
（2） Ashdown forest, through _______ we'll be driving, isn't a forest any longer.
A. that B. it C. them D. which
（3） This I did at nine o'clock, after _______ I sat reading the paper.
A. that B. it C. them D. which
類似地，以下各題選 whom，不選 them：
（4） George, with _______ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.
A. that B. him C. them D. whom
（5） Her sons, both of ______ work abroad, will come back home this summer.
A. that B. who C. them D. whom
（6） I met the fruit-pickers, several of _______ were still university students.
A. that B. who C. them D. whom
6. He had thousands of students, many of ______ gained great success in their own field.
A. whom B. them C. which D. who
【陷阱】容易誤選 B，用 them 代指 students.
【分析】最佳答案是A，many of whom gained great success in their own field 為非限制性定語從句。假若在many of... 的前面加上連詞and，則選答案B。比較以下各題（答案均選A）：
（1） He asked a lot of questions, none of ______ was easy to answer.
A. which B. them C. what D. that
（2） He asked a lot of questions, and none of ______ was easy to answer.
A. them B. which C. what D. that
（3） He told me that he had two girl-friends, neither of _______ knew anything about the other.
A. whom B. them C. which D. who
（4） He told me that he had two girl-friends, and neither of _______ knew anything about the other.
A. them B. whom C. which D. who
7. He had a lot of friends, only a few of ______ invited to his wedding.
A. whom B. them C. which D. who
【陷阱】容易誤選 A，認為這是非限制性定語從句。
【分析】最佳答案是B，這不是非限制性定語從句，而是一個獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因為空格后的動詞 invited 并不是一個完整的謂語，而是一個過去分詞。當然，假若在 invited 前加上助動詞 were，則是一個非限制性定語從句，答案便應(yīng)選A.比較：
（1） They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ carried out in their work.
A. which B. them C. what D. that
答案選B，none of them carried out in their work 是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，其中的 carried out 為過去分詞。
（2） They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ were carried out in their work.
A. which B. them C. what D. that
答案選A，none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定語從句，注意與上例比較句中多了一個助動詞were.
（3） They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _______ were carried out in their work.
A. which B. them C. what D. that
答案選B，由于兩句之間增加了一個并列連詞but，使得該句成了一個并列句。
8. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents seated together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
【陷阱】容易誤選B，認為這是非限制性定語從句。
【分析】最佳答案是A.與上面一題相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定語從句，而是一個獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因為空格后的動詞 seated 不是謂語，而是一個過去分詞，因為 seat 作動詞用時，是及物動詞。比較以下相似題：
（1） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were seated together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
選B. whose parents were seated together joking 為非限制性定語從句，因為其后有完整的謂語 were seated.
（2） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _______ parents were seated together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
選A.因為句中有并列連詞and，整個句子為并列句。
（3） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sitting together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
選A. their parents sitting together joking 為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
（4） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sat together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
選B. whose parents sat together joking 為非限制性定語從句，因為句中有完整的謂語 sat.
（5） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were sitting together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
選B. whose parents were sitting together joking 為非限制性定語從句，因為句中有完整的謂語 were sitting.
9. If the man is only interested in your looks, _____ just shows how shallow he is.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
【陷阱】容易誤選A或B，誤這是非限制性定語從句。
【分析】正確答案為D，注意逗號前是一個條件狀語從句，逗號后是該狀語從句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情況，用作主句的主語。類似地，下面幾道題也選 that，而不選 which：
（1） If you promise to go with us, _____ will be OK.
A. as B. which C. and it D. that
（2） If you want a double room, _____ will cost another ￡15.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
（3） Whether you go or not, _______ is quite all right with me.
A. that B. which C. and it D. so
（4） When I say two hours, _____ includes time for eating.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
10. She says that she'll never forget the time ________ she's spent working as a secretary in our company.
A. which B. when C. how D. where
【陷阱】容易誤選B，機械地認為時間名詞后必須用關(guān)系副詞when，地點名詞后用關(guān)系副詞 where.
【分析】正確答案為A.在時間名詞和地點名詞后是否用關(guān)系副詞要看它在定語從句中充當什么句子成分。一般說來，若用作主語或賓語，用關(guān)系代詞；若用作狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞。上面一題中的動詞 spent 缺賓語，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞 which或that.比較下面一題，由于空格后的句子不缺少主語或賓語，所以選關(guān)系副詞when：
She says that she'll never forget the time ________ she works as a secretary in our company.
A. which B. when C. how D. where
請再做一組試題（答案均選A）：
（1） Our company will move to a tall building _______ we bought last month.
A. which B. when C. how D. where
選A，which 在定語從句中用作動詞 bought 的賓語。
（2） Our company will move to a tall building _______ has just been complete.
A. which B. when C. how D. where
選A，which 在定語從句中用作主語。
（3） Our company will move to a tall building _______ we worked two years ago.
A. where B. when C. that D. which
選A，where 在定語從句中用作狀語。
【高考真題剖析】
（2011?江蘇卷）24．Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _____ the audience can buy ice-cream．
A．WhenB．WhereC．thatD．which
答案【A】考查定語從句。非限定性定語從句____ the audience can buy ice-cream．中不缺少成分，先行詞an interval表時間，所以選擇A。
（2011?浙江卷）8．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures ,each of____ uses it somewhat differently ．
A．which B．what C．them D．those
答案【A】考查定語從句。非限定性定語從句each of____ uses it somewhat differently ．中介詞of后缺少賓語。所以選擇A。
（2010重慶）28. In china, the number of cities is increa sing ________development is recognized across the world.
A. whereB. whichC. whoseD. that
答案【C】考查定語從句。development與先行詞cities之間是所屬關(guān)系，所以選whose。句意是：在中國，城市的數(shù)量在增加，城市的發(fā)展被全世界意識到。所以選擇C。
（10福建）24. Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually.
A. thatB. whereC. whichD. whose24. 答案：B
考點：定語從句
解析：先行詞為planet，表示地點，故用where。
（10湖南） 28. I've become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year.
A. who B. where C. when D. which
28. 答案：A
考點：考查定語從句。
解析：該空引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾表示人的先行詞the students，且在從句中作met的賓語，故選關(guān)系代詞who，即A項。
（10江西） 31 The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister ______ she would stay for an hour.
A where B who C which D what
答案：A
考點：考察定語從句。
解析：先行詞為centre, she would stay for an hour 不缺賓語或主語, 故要填狀語, 表地點用where。
（10山東）24. That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen.
A. that B. which C. whose D. What
答案：C
考點：本題考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。
解析：句意應(yīng)為“那就是那臺零部件小得幾乎看不見的新機器�！笨崭裉幰龑�(dǎo)定語從句并且在從句中作定語使用，所以使用whose。
38. Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.
A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which
答案：C
考點：此處考查的是介詞加疑問詞引導(dǎo)從句
解析：考察介詞+which的用法。=Wind power is an ancient source of energy which\that
we may return to in the near future.
（10天津）8. Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?
You should try the barber’s I go. It’s only 15.
A. as B. which C. where D. that
答案：C.
考點：考查定語從句。
句意：―你能相信我理一次發(fā)得花20美元嗎？―你應(yīng)該到我去的那家理發(fā)店試試，只需要15美元。
解析：句中the barber’s 是先行詞，從句中g(shù)o 是不及物動詞，所選關(guān)系代詞在從句中作狀語，所以要用where。
（10四川）10．After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling， turned out to be a wise decision．
A．that B．which C．when D．where
答案：B
考點：考查定語從句。
解析：此處應(yīng)為which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，which代替前邊整個句子。句意為：“大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，我們休假一段時間去旅游，這結(jié)果證明是一個明智的決定。”
（10全國Ⅰ）24. As a child , Jack studied in a village school ,_____ is named after his grandfather.
A. which B. where C. what D. that
24題 答案：A
句意：還是孩子的時候，Jack 在以他祖父命名的鄉(xiāng)村學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。
解答：根據(jù)選項此題考察從句，空格設(shè)置在名詞school后，且school后有逗號，此題考察非限定性定語從句。定語從句所修飾的先行詞是school，它在定于從句中做主語，因此使用關(guān)系代詞，選項中的關(guān)系代詞只有which和that，由于是非限定性定語從句，不能使用that，因此選擇A。
（10江蘇）32. The newly built café, the walls of_______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.
A. that B. it C. what D. which
選D定語從句表示咖啡屋的墻
（陜西）11. The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.
A. where B. which C. its D . Whose
11. 答案：D.
考點：考查定語從句。[來源:學(xué)*科*網(wǎng)Z*X*X*K]
解析：所填詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是the old temple，關(guān)系詞在從句中做roof的定語，用關(guān)系代詞whose，選D。其余選項與題意不符。
（10全國Ⅱ）16. I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else’s fault.
A. who B. that C. as D. what[來源:Zxxk.Com]
答案：B
考點：定語從句。
解析：不定代詞something作主語，用that引導(dǎo)。
（10湖北）77. My mother was so proud of all ________（我所做的）that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do)
77. 答案：that I had done
考點：定語從句
解析：先行詞是 “all”的時候，定語從句只能由 “that”引導(dǎo)，又因為主句是一般過去時，“我”所做的事情是過去已經(jīng)完成的事情，所以要用過去完成時。
80. ________(正如我們強調(diào)的那樣)many times, “serve the people” is our first policy. (stress)
80. 答案：As we have stressed
考點：非限定性定語從句
解析：當句子以整個主句作為先行詞，又放在主句前的非限定性定語從句只能由 “as”來引導(dǎo)，主句的內(nèi)容作定語從句謂語動詞的賓語
（北京）27. Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
A. what B. whose C. which D. that
27. 答案：B
考點: 本題考查定語從句關(guān)系副詞的選擇。
解析：不愛運動或者飲食熱量偏高的孩子們會很快發(fā)胖。較簡單。本定語從句不缺成分，為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，因此只能在考慮填關(guān)系副詞。A中的What不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。選B. whose誰的，符合題意。
（重慶）28. In china, the number of cities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world.
A. whereB. whichC. whoseD. that
28. 答案C
考點：考查定語從句。
解析： development與先行詞cities之間是所屬關(guān)系，所以選whose。句意是：在中國，城市的數(shù)量在增加，城市的發(fā)展被全世界意識到。
（10浙江）3．The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village home s for a better life in the city.
A．whomB．which C．themD．those
答案：A
考點：本題考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞。
解析：由many之后的逗號和選項特征，此處是主從句關(guān)系，排除C、D項。由于先行詞是“1,000 people”，表示人，故用whom。句意為：這里居住著將近1000人，他們中的許多人都背井離鄉(xiāng)去城市追求更好的生活。
真題練習(xí)
（09安徽）1. A good friend of mine from I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing.
A. how B. whom
C. when D. which
【答案】C
（09安徽）2. Many children， parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.
A. their B. whose
C. of them D. with whom
【答案】B
（09北京）3. ―What do you think of teacher ,Bob？
―I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ___ you are doing something serious but interesting .
A. where B. which C. when D. that
【答案】B
（09福建）4. It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.
A. that B. when C. which D. where
【答案】D 考查定語從句。先行詞是situation，指物，亦可指地點，關(guān)系詞在從句中做地點狀語，用關(guān)系副詞where，選D。
（09湖南）5．I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.
A. which B. of which C. that D. whose
【答案】D 考查定語從句。先行詞在定語從句中充當定語，意思為這個城市的名字。
（09江西）6. The house I grew up ________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which
【答案】B 考查定語從句。The house ( which / that I grew up in ) , 主語后面緊跟的是定語從句。
（09海南）7. She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before.
A. them B. who
C. whom D. these
【答案】C。 考查定語從句中的非限制性定語從句。句意為：她帶著她的三個朋友，他們?nèi)齻�中沒有一個人我曾見過。表示“部分的詞語+of+關(guān)系代詞” 在非限制性定語從句指人只能用whom。
（09山東）8. Whenever I met her, _________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
A. who B. which C. when D. that
【答案】B非限制性定語從句，指代前面一個句子，故用which.
（09陜西）9. Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time.
A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which
【答案】C 考查定語從句，先行詞是Gun control，指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中做介詞的賓語，介詞前置，介詞與從句動詞構(gòu)成搭配argue about sth，選C。
（09四川）10. She’ll never forget her stay there ________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
【答案】D 考查定語從句的用法。her stay為先行詞，可以理解為抽象的一段時間（她呆在那里期間），when指代her stay在定語從句中做時間狀語。
（09天津）11. A person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever[來源:Z_xx_k.Com]
【答案】C
（09天津）12 I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, _____ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.
A. as B. which C. when D. though
【答案】A
（09浙江）13．I have reached a point in my life ______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
A. whichB. whereC. how D. why
【答案】B
（09重慶）14. Life is like a long race _____we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
A. why B. what
C. that D. where
【答案】D
（09全國2 ）15. My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him.
A. which B. that C. where D. it
【答案】A 考查非限制性定語從句(這兒的which指代前面整句話內(nèi)容。
（2011全國卷I） 31．The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination．
A．that B．whichC．whose D．what
（2011全國卷II）7．Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ____ is a stupid thing to do in such weather．
A．this B．that C．what D．which
（2011北京卷）26．Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _________, of course, make all the others upset．
A．whoB．whichC．whatD．that
（2011上海卷） 39．You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your host family．
A．whichB．whereC．whenD．a(chǎn)s
（2011山東卷）32．The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other．
A．they B．where C．what D．that
（2011江西卷）34．She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____had taken more than three years．
A．for whichB．with whichC．of whichD．to which
（2011江蘇卷）24．Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _______ the audience can buy ice-cream．
A．when B．where C．that D．which
（2011安徽卷）28．Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _____ it will keep for two or three weeks．
A．when B．which C．where D．while
（2011浙江卷）8．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ____ uses it somewhat differently．
A．which B．what C．them D．those
（2011浙江卷）10．A bank is the place ______ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain．
A．when B．that C．where D．there
（2011福建卷）24．She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to communicate freely with each other．
A．whic h B．where C．what D．who
（2011四川卷）17．The school shop, ________ customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays．
A．which B．whose C．when D．where
（2011天津卷）10．The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living．
A．when B．that C．where D．which
（2011陜西卷）11．I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, __________ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake．
A．which B．where C．who D．that
（2011湖南卷）25．Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of _________ she spoke fluently．
A．who B．whom C．which D．that
【鞏固練習(xí)】
1. Don’t talk about such things of __________ you are not sure.
A. which B. what
C. as D. those
2.Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?
A. that B. where
C. in which D. the one
3.Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?
A. that B. where
C. which D. the one
4.Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?
A. that B. where
C. which D. the one
5.The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found.
A. that B. where
C. in which D. in that
6.The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into
ice.
A. at which B. on that
C. in which D. of what
7.This book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts..
A. how you have observed B. what you have observed
C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed
8. The reason is __________ he is unable to operate the machine.
A. because B. why
C. that D. whether
9. I’ll tell you __________ he told me last week.
A. all which B. that
C. all that D. which
10. That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.
A. whose B. of which
C. in which D. on which
11. I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing.
A. as B. that
C. which D. what
12. He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.
A. which B. it
C. that D. what
13. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist __________ were in the concert we attended last night.
A. which B. whom
C. who D. that
14. The girl __________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister.
A. who is singing B. is singing
C. sang D. was singing
15. Those __________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.
A. learn B. who
C. that learns D. who learn
16. Anyone __________ this opinion may speak out.
A. that against B. that against
C. who is against D. who are against
17. Didn’t you see the man __________?
A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now
C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now
18. Can you lend me the novel __________ the other day?
A. that you talked B. you talked about it
C. which you talked with D. you talked about
19. Is there anything __________ to you?
A. that is belonged B. that belongs
C. that belong D. which belongs
20. ---- “How do you like the book?”
---- “It’s quite different from __________ I read last month.”
A. that B. which
C. the one D. the one what
21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except __________ who had already taken them.
A. the ones B. ones
C. some D. the others
22. The train __________ she was travelling was late.
A. which B. where
C. on which D. in that
23. He has lost the key to the drawer __________ the papers are kept.
A. where B. in which
C. under which D. which
24. Antarctic __________ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
A. which B. where
C. that D. about which
25. It’s the third time __________ late this month.
A. that you arrived B. when you arrived
C. that you’ve arrived D. when you’ve arrived
26. It was in 1969 __________ the American astronaut succeeded in
landing on the moon.
A. that B. which
C. when D. in which
27. May the fourth is the day __________ we Chinese people will never
forget.
A. which B. when
C. on which D. about which
28. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, __________ live my grandparents and some relatives.
A. which B. that
C. who D. where
29. The hotel __________ during our holidays stands by the seaside.
A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at
C. we stayed D. in that we stayed
30. Is it in that factory __________ “Red Flag” cars are produced?
A. in which B. where
C. which D. that
31. It is the Suez Canal __________ separates Asia __________ Africa.
A. which, to B. where, from
C. that, from D. that, with
32. Under the bridge, however, almost directly below, __________ was a small canoe, with a boy in it.
A. there B. where
C. it D. which
33. He is not __________ a fool __________.
A. such, as he is looked B. such, as he looks
C. as, as he is looked D. so, as he looks
34. Is that the reason __________ you are in favour of the proposal?
A. which B. what
C. why D. for that
35. He must be from Africa, __________ can be seen from his skin.
A. that B. as
C. who D. what
36. He has two sons, __________ work as chemists.
A. two of whom B. both of whom
C. both of which D. all of whom
37. I, __________ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.
A. who is B. who am
C. that is D. what is
38. He is a man of great experience, __________ much can be learned.
A. who B. that
C. from which D. from whom
39. ---- Do you know the town at all?
---- No, this is the first time I __________ here.
A. was B. have been
C. came D. am coming
40. I don’t like __________ you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that
C. the way which D. the way of which
41. The two things __________ they felt very proud are Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.
A. about which B. of which
C. in which D. for which
42. The dinner was the most expensive meal we __________.
A. would have B. have had
C. had never had D. had ever had
43. Do you know which hotel __________?
A. she is staying B. she is staying in
C. is she staying D. is she staying in
44. There is only one thing __________ I can do.
A. what B. that
C. all D. which
45. Who can think of a situation __________ this idiom can be used?
A. which B. that
C. where D. in that
46. I have many books, some of __________ are on chemistry.
A. them B. that
C. which D. those
47. They were interested __________ you told them.
A. in which B. in that
C. all that D. in everything
48. The astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship, __________ much help for knowing space.
A. which we think it is B. which we think are of
C. of which we think is D. I think which is of
49. The great day we looked forward to __________ at last.
A. come B. came
C. coming D. comes
50. I like the second football match __________ was held last week.
A. which B. who
C. that D. /
參考答案：
1―5 AADBA 6―10 ABCCA 11―15 AADAD
16―20 CDDBC 21―25 ACBDC 26―30 AADAD
31―35 CABCB 36―40 BBDBA 41―45 BDBBC

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