推理判斷題
　　這類題屬于主觀題，是層次較高的設(shè)題。它包括判斷和推理題。這兩類題常常相互依存，推理是為了得出正確的判斷，正確的判斷又依賴于合乎邏輯的推理。推理題要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，做出一定判斷和推論，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中某一句話，也可是某幾句話，但做題的指導(dǎo)思想都是以文字信息為依據(jù)，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根據(jù)的推理，也不能根據(jù)表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理題的答案只能是根據(jù)原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即對(duì)原文某一句話或某幾句話所作的同義改寫(paraphrase)或綜合。
　　常見的題干有：
　　1) It can be inferred from the text that.
　　2) We can conclude that.
　　3) When the writer talks about..., what he really means is that.
　　4) Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
　　判斷題考查學(xué)生在理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)不同觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)和判斷的能力。推理題考查學(xué)生由文章的字面信息推出未知信息或隱含信息的能力。
　　1) 判斷有據(jù), 推論有理, 忠實(shí)原文。切忌用自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的本意。
　　2) 全面分析所有相關(guān)信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面結(jié)論。
　　3) 善于揣摩作者思路，盡可能與作者的思路吻合。
　　4）不可直接選取文中的原句。
　　例1：                     Annealing
　　Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping (浸) it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle-that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as it is wished, by annealing it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also be used on other material, such as glass.（1990NMET）
　�、賅hy do people put hot metal in water?
　　A. To make it hard.     B. To make it soft.    C. To make it cool.     D. To make it brittle.
　　[分析]答案為A，此題屬推斷歸納題。文中第二句說如果把金屬加熱，然后迅速放到水里冷卻，也就會(huì)變得非常硬，但也變得脆。hard 是工藝的主觀目的。brittle是伴隨的客觀結(jié)果，故選A而不選D。B項(xiàng)明顯錯(cuò)
　　誤；C項(xiàng)是手段不是目的，因此，都可排除。
　�、贗n annealing, the required hardness of metal depends on __.
　　A. the quantity of water used     B. the temperature of the metal
　　C. the softness of the metal      D. the timing of the operation
　　[分析]答案為D,此題屬概括歸納題。timing 是時(shí)間的選擇。本答案的依據(jù)是5和6兩句，"The metal is heated,length of time.","The longerthe softer it becomes."cool 的時(shí)間是可以控制的，時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)越 soft,即硬度就越低。由此我們可得出結(jié)論：在退火過程中，金屬的硬度是受到冷卻的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短影響的。
　�、跘s suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle?
　　A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly.    B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly.
　　C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly.    D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly.
　　[分析]答案為C此題屬推理判斷題。文中提到"metal"。最后一句說退火工藝同樣可用于象玻璃一類的其他材料。文中我們已知"annealing"就是先"heat"后"cool slowly"。由此推斷C是正確的。

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