高中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn):動(dòng)名詞

編輯: 逍遙路 關(guān)鍵詞: 高中英語 來源: 高中學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)

動(dòng)名詞概念:


動(dòng)名詞是一種兼有動(dòng)詞和名詞特征的非限定動(dòng)詞。它可以支配賓語,也能被副詞修飾,動(dòng)名詞有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。



現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞用法比較:


動(dòng)詞的-ing形式包括現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞兩種形式。他們的句法功能如下:
動(dòng)詞的-ing形式如果作句子的主語或者賓語時(shí),應(yīng)該是動(dòng)名詞形式;如果作補(bǔ)語或者狀語時(shí),應(yīng)該是現(xiàn)在分詞形式。那么作表語或者定語的動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞又該怎樣區(qū)分呢?
1、動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語時(shí)的比較:
(1)動(dòng)名詞作表語說明主語的內(nèi)容,回答what的問題;現(xiàn)在分詞作表語相當(dāng)于形容詞作表語,說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征等,回答how的問題。
如:One of the best exercises is swimming. 游泳是最好的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目之一。
What pleases him most is bathing in the sea. 最使他高興的事是在海中沐浴。
The situation both at home and abroad is very in-spiring. 國內(nèi)外的形勢都很鼓舞人心。
The color is pleasing to the eye. 顏色悅目。
(2)動(dòng)名詞作表語,表語和主語幾乎處于同等地位,可以互換位置,其句意不變;現(xiàn)在分詞作表語,表語和主語則不能互換位置。
如:Our work is serving the people.
(=Serving the people is our work.)我們的工作是為人民服務(wù)。
The news was disappointing. 那消息令人失望。
(3)作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞前可以用very,quite,rather,greatly等副詞修飾,而動(dòng)名詞則不可以。
如:What he said was very encouraging. 他的話很鼓舞人心。
Our goal is realizing the four modernizations in the near future. 我們的目標(biāo)是在不久的將來實(shí)現(xiàn)四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化。
(4)現(xiàn)在分詞與形容詞一樣可以和more,the most構(gòu)成形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí),而動(dòng)名詞則不可以。
如:The story is the most fascinating. 那個(gè)故事最迷人。
(5)作表語用的現(xiàn)在分詞除了和be連用以外,還可以和其它的系動(dòng)詞連用;而作表語的動(dòng)名詞則通常只能和be連用。
如:His speech seems inspiring.他的演講似乎很鼓舞人心。
His interest is writing for the news papers. 他的愛好是給報(bào)社寫文章。
(6)有些用作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化了。常見的有:exciting,moving,inspiring,missing,interesting,disappointing等。
2、動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí)的比較:
(1)動(dòng)名詞作定語時(shí),表示它所修飾的名詞的性能和用途,和它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上沒有主謂關(guān)系;
現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí),表示它所修飾的名詞正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,和它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系,?梢詳U(kuò)展成一個(gè)定語從句。
如:a swimming girl=a girl who is swimming 一個(gè)在游泳的姑娘
a walking stick=a stick that is used for walking 一根拐杖
(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語有時(shí)可以后置,而動(dòng)名詞則通常只能放在它所修飾的名詞之前。
如:The girl wearing glasses is one of his students. 戴眼鏡的那個(gè)女孩是他的一個(gè)學(xué)生。
I bought some reading materials. 我買了一些閱讀材料。



動(dòng)名詞的用法:


1、作主語:
例如:Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方與北方開戰(zhàn)了!
2、作賓語:  
a. 有些動(dòng)詞可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。
例如:admit承認(rèn) appreciate感激 avoid避免 complete完成 consider認(rèn)為 delay耽誤 deny否認(rèn) detest討厭 endure忍受 enjoy喜歡 escape逃脫 fancy想象 finish完成 imagine想象 mind介意 miss想念 postpone推遲 practice訓(xùn)練 recall回憶 resent討厭 resume繼續(xù) resist抵抗 risk冒險(xiǎn) suggest建議 face面對(duì) include包括 stand忍受 understand理解 forgive寬恕 keep繼續(xù)
例如:Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音機(jī)音量調(diào)小一點(diǎn),好嗎?
  The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 這松鼠幸運(yùn)得很,剛逃避了被逮住的厄運(yùn)!    
b. 有些結(jié)構(gòu)后面可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語或其他成分。
例如:admit to prefer...to burst out keep on insist on count on set about put off be good at take up give up be successful in be used to lead to devote oneself to object to stick to no good no use be fond of look forward to be proud of be busy can't help be tired of be capable of be afraid of think of
3、作表語,對(duì)主語說明、解釋:
例如:Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗刷、清掃和照顧孩子。
比較:She is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children.
4、作定語,一般表示所修飾名詞事物的用途:
例如:a writing desk=a desk for writing 寫字臺(tái)
a swimming pool=a pool swimming 游泳池
有些動(dòng)名詞作定語,與所修飾的名詞關(guān)系比較復(fù)雜。
例如:boiling point=a temperature point at which something begins to boil 沸點(diǎn)
a walking tractor=a tractor which a driver can operate while he or she is walking behind it 手扶拖拉機(jī)



動(dòng)名詞知識(shí)體系:




動(dòng)名詞與不定式用法對(duì)比:




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