(二)現(xiàn)在完成對表示從過去發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(包括現(xiàn)在)的某個動作或狀態(tài),與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的時間狀語連用,一般過去時表示過去某一特定(與現(xiàn)在無關(guān))的時間,與具體的表示過去的時間狀語連用。例如: He has lived here since he was born.自他出生從來一直居住在這兒。(since自從……以來與現(xiàn)在有關(guān),說明還居住在這兒。) Liumei went to see her grandmother last night.劉梅昨晚去看了他外婆。(只說明昨晚)
(三)值得注意的幾個問題 1)動作發(fā)生在過去。一直持續(xù)到說話的時候,并且還在延續(xù)時,要用現(xiàn)在完成時。例如: We have studied English for two years(我們學英語兩年了) 2)指過去的經(jīng)歷,但沒有表示過去的時間狀語,要用現(xiàn)在完成時。例如: I have been to Shanghai twice. 我曾去過上海兩次 3)以when開頭的特殊疑問句,要用一般過去時。例如: When did you lose your pen?你什么時候丟了鋼筆? 4)just(剛剛)與現(xiàn)在完成時連用,just now(剛才)與一般過去時連用,例如: The train has iust gone. 火車剛剛離開。 The train left here just now. 火車剛才離開。 5)since作介詞,后面跟時間名詞一起作狀語時,句子要用現(xiàn)在完成時since作連詞,引導狀語從句時,主句用現(xiàn)在完成時,從句用一般過去時。 He has worked in this factory since 1996. I have known him since he was a child. Where have you been since I last saw you? 6)so far、in the last、past……與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。 例如:In the last 30 years,our lives have changed a lot. So far,many countries have sent up satellites into space.
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