新目標八年級英語下冊Unit9 Section A導學案

編輯: 逍遙路 關鍵詞: 八年級 來源: 高中學習網(wǎng)


八年級(下)英語學科導學案

Unit9  Have you ever been to an amusement park?
(Section A)
教師寄語:Custom makes all things easy.有個好習慣,事事皆不難。
一、學習目標
1) 單詞與短語neither,amusement,character,Disneyland, mickey ouse, Donald Duck, seen, theme, attraction, roller coaster, cruise, board, on board, route, end up, island,especially
2)目標句型:
1. —Have you ever been to…?  —Yes,I have. /No,I haven’t.
  2. I/He/She has / have never been to…
  3. Where have you been?
3) 語法 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。
二、教學重點和難點
1.教學重點:現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。
2.教學難點:現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。
三、知識鏈接
現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)。
四、學法指導:
通過小組合作學習,探究討論,結合導學案及相關資料理解各知識點,掌握本節(jié)學習內(nèi)容。
五、導學過程:
1. 組長帶領組員預習現(xiàn)在完成進行時。
2. 組長帶領組員通讀本from page 69 to 70,理解其含義并完成表格。
3. 組長帶領組員熟讀,并指定堂朗讀人選。
4. 組長帶領組員找出本(from page 69 to 70)的重要短語、句子。 并指定堂展示人選。
5. 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)(The Present Perfect Tense)
(一)用法
▲現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的含義是表示過去發(fā)生的或已完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果。特點是既涉及過去,又聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在:動作是過去發(fā)生的,結果是現(xiàn)在存在的。
He has cleaned the blackboard. Look! The blackboard is so clean no
(他已經(jīng)擦過黑板了。)這句話所表示的結果是黑板現(xiàn)在是干凈的。
現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài),動作發(fā)生在過去,與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系有兩種(過去 現(xiàn)在),故其用法有兩種。(涉及兩個時間)
1.表示過去發(fā)生的動作,沒延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,但對現(xiàn)在仍有影響。強調(diào)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性的。
I closed the door just no
The door is closed noI have closed the door.
(關門的動作發(fā)生在過去,未延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,只是對現(xiàn)在造成了影響,即強調(diào)門現(xiàn)在關上了。)

影響


   past now future
Someone has broken the windo 有人把窗戶打破了。(窗戶現(xiàn)在仍然還是破的)
He's been ill. 他剛生過病。(指現(xiàn)在他的臉色還不好。)
I have posted the photos.(強調(diào)照片不在我這了。)
I have had my lunch. (強調(diào)我現(xiàn)在不餓了。)
標志詞:現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)第一種用法常用already, yet, just, never, ever, before等adv.作狀語。
1)already,用于肯定句句中或句尾。變否、問句時,already變成yet.
I have already posted the photos.
I have posted the photos already.
2) yet, 用于否定句和疑問句,位于句尾或助V.后。yet在否定句中意為“還,仍然”;在疑問句中意為“已經(jīng)”。
I haven’t yet posted the photos.
Have you posted the photos yet? No, not yet.
*I have already finished my work.(改為否定句和一般疑問句)
I haven’t finished my work _________.
Have you finished you work _________?
3) before, 用于句尾,單獨使用。(ago不獨用,用于一般過去時)
Have you read the book before?
I’ve never seen such a person before.
4) just, ever, never用于助V.后,行為V.前。
ever意為“曾經(jīng)”,常用句型Have you ever...? 其否定回答常用never。
例:Have you ever been to Beijing? (否定回答) Never.
I have just / ever / never seen the film.
2. 表示過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,還可能繼續(xù)下去。謂語動詞為延續(xù)性動詞,句中常帶有表示一段時間的時間狀語,如:since結構,for+一段時間,recently, lately, these days; in the last / past three years by the end of …,(到……為止)so far (到目前為止), by now=up to now, today等。
She’s been there for over two years 她在那兩年多了。
They’ve lived here since 1989/ since they came to this city.
I have learned about 2000 English words so far.
注意:常用How long …..? 提問現(xiàn)在完成時的時間。

持續(xù)


   past now future

(二)謂語結構: have/has+過去分詞
1)have/has 是助V. has是三單形式
2) 過去分詞構成
A)規(guī)則構成 + ed (構成方法同過去式構成)
a)直加ed work—worked play—played stay—stayed pass—passed
b)去加ed或直加d, like—liked live—lived
c)雙寫加ed, stop—stopped drop—dropped shop—shopped trip—tripped ship—shipped plan—planned
d) 輔y變i加ed, study—studied cry—cried worry—worried
B) 不規(guī)則構成 本最后一頁—不規(guī)則動詞表。
C) +ed讀音 __________________________________________________________
(三) 句型
*肯定句:1)We have finished our homework.
2)She has seen the film.
變否定句:______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
變一般疑問句并回答:_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
否定回答有時也可用“No,not yet.”或“No,never.”
劃線提問(特殊疑問句):_________________________________________
_________________________________________
3) He has done his homework for three hours.(劃線提問)
________________________________________________________
(四)延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞
1)延續(xù)性動詞:動作可持續(xù)一段時間,可和for, since等表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。
2)非延續(xù)性動詞:動作不能持久,一瞬間就結束,不能延續(xù),或表示一次性動作,也叫短暫性動詞、瞬間動詞、終止性動詞。不能和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。常見這類動詞有 come, go, leave, begin, start, arrive, reach, see, die, join, get up, borrow, lend, buy, finish, end, become, hear from等。
*判斷正誤如有錯誤并改正:
He has come back. ( )___________________________________
He has come back for 3 days. ( )___________________________________
I have borrowed the book. ( )___________________________________
I have borrowed the book since last week. ( )____________________________
I have got up for an hour. ( )____________________________
He has died for 10 years. ( )____________________________
3)非延續(xù)性動詞的否定式已成為一種可延續(xù)性狀態(tài),可以和for, since等表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。
I haven’t seen him for a long time. / since he left.
I haven’t heard from him for half a year.
I haven’t borrowed books for two months.
4) 非延續(xù)性V. 可以轉換為延續(xù)性V.,有以下幾種情況:
a)用相應的延續(xù)性動詞
buy—have; borrow—keep/have; put on—wear; catch(get) a cold—have a cold; come/go/become—be
b)轉換成“be + n.”形式
join the Party—be a Party member join the army—be a soldier
go to school—be a student
c)轉換成“be + adj./adv.”形式
die—be dead; finish—be over; begin—be on; leave—be away; fall asleep—be asleep; wake up—be awake; get up—be up; close—be closed; open—be open
d) 轉換成“be + 介詞短”語形式
go to school—be in school; join the army—be in the army
5)Practice:
a)他回已三天了。
b)他離家已有兩個月了。
c)他父親已死了三年了。
d)他已睡了一小時了。
e)這場電影已經(jīng)開始一小時了。
六、學習小結
我的收獲:_________________________________________________
七、達標檢測:翻譯下列句子
1)----你哥哥參軍了嗎?
----他參軍了。
----他什么時候參軍的?
----他是1990年參軍的。他參軍已5年了。
2)----你父親去哪了?
----他去美國了。他是3年前去的。他在那兒已呆了3年了。
3) ——I ________ an English-Chinese dictionary.
——When______ you______ it? ——Yesterday afternoon.
A. have bought , did , buy B. buy , do , buy
C. have bought, will, buy D. buy, have, buy
八、布置作業(yè)《同步練習冊》SectionA部分.




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