初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn):反意疑問句

編輯: 逍遙路 關(guān)鍵詞: 初中英語 來源: 高中學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
反義疑問句:
表示提問人的看法,沒有把握,需要對(duì)方證實(shí)。
反意疑問句由兩部分組成:前一部分是一個(gè)陳述句,后一部分是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的疑問句,兩部分的人稱時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致。
1. 陳述部分肯定式+疑問部分否定式可記為前肯后否。
2. 陳述部分否定式+疑問部分肯定式可記為前否后肯。
例如:This pencil is red, isn’t it? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.
This pencil isn’t red, is it? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.
速記:
前肯后否,前否后肯,前be后be,前無be后加助,時(shí)態(tài)一致。

反意疑問句的回答
前肯后否,前否后肯,根據(jù)事實(shí)從后往前翻譯。如:
(1)They work hard,don’t they?他們努力工作,不是嗎?
Yes, they do.對(duì),他們工作努力。/No, they don't.不,他們工作不努力
(2)They don’t work hard, do they? 他們不太努力工作,是嗎?
Yes, they do. 不,他們工作努力。/No, they don't. 是的, 他們工作不努力

否定反義疑問句的回答
當(dāng)陳述部分為肯定式,反義疑問句為否定式時(shí),其回答一般不會(huì)造成困難,一般只需照情況回答即可:
"It’s new, isn’t it?" "Yes, it is." “是新的,不是嗎?”“是,是新的。”
"He wants to go, doesn’t he?" "No, he doesn’t." “他想去,不是嗎?”“不,他不想去!
此時(shí),"Yes"即是,對(duì)前面"It's new."的肯定。

回答反義疑問句的原則
回答反意疑問句通常應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來確定,
如有人問你You are asleep, aren’t you? 你應(yīng)回答No, I’m not. 因?yàn)榧热荒隳芑卮,肯定你還沒有asleep。
但如果別人問你 You aren’t asleep, are you?(你還沒有睡著,對(duì)嗎),你也只能回答No, I’m not.(是的,還沒有睡著),而不能回答為Yes, I’m not. 也不能回答成 Yes, I am.
“It is a beautiful flower,isn't it?” “It isn't a beautiful flower,is it?”
上述兩句句子的回答肯定均為“Yes,it is."否定為“No,it isn't."
由上述例子可知,反義疑問句回答與句子本身所包含的中文肯定與否的含義并無太大關(guān)聯(lián),只需注意事實(shí),肯定即用yes,否定用no,無需考慮句子原本是前否后肯或是前肯后否。

口訣:
反意疑問并不難,陳述疑問句中含。
前后肯否恰相反,否定詞綴不能算。
主謂時(shí)態(tài)要一致,特殊情況記心田。
實(shí)際情況來回答,再把yes和no揀。
綜上所述,反義疑問句回答就是按實(shí)際情況回答。
對(duì)反意疑問句的回答,無論問題的提法如何,如果事實(shí)是肯定的,就用yes,事實(shí)是否定的,就要用no。
要特別注意陳述句部分是否定結(jié)構(gòu),反意疑問句部分用肯定式提問時(shí),回答yes或no與漢語正好相反。這種省略回答的yes要譯成“不”,no要譯成“是”。
例:
?He likes playing football, doesn’t he? 他喜歡踢足球,不是嗎?
?Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. 是的。/ 不是。
?His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹沒有參加會(huì)議,是嗎?
?Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. 不,她參加了。/ 是的,她沒參加。



快速記憶表:
陳述部分的謂語 疑問部分
I/主語 aren't I / are I
no,nothing,nobody,never,few, seldom, hardly,rarely, little等否定含義的詞 肯定含義
含有un-,in-.dis-,im-等否定意義的前綴構(gòu)成的詞語時(shí),視為肯定含義 否定含義
ought to(肯定的) shouldn't/ oughtn't +主語
have to+v.(had to+v.) don't +主語(didn't +主語)
used to+v. didn't +主語或 usedn't +主語
had better + v. hadn't you
would rather + v. wouldn't +主語
you'd like to + v. wouldn't +主語
must 根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定
感嘆句 be +主語
指示代詞或不定代詞everything,that,nothing,this 主語用it
并列復(fù)合句 謂語根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語而定
定語從句,賓語從句主從復(fù)合句 根據(jù)主句的謂語而定
think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引導(dǎo) 與賓語從句相對(duì)應(yīng)的從句
everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one 復(fù)數(shù)they, 單數(shù)he
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare或need need/needn't (dare/daren't ) +主語
dare, need 為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 do/don't +主語
省去主語的祈使句 will/won't you?
Let's 開頭的祈使句 Shall we?
Let us 開頭的祈使句 Will you?
there be 相應(yīng)的謂語動(dòng)詞+there(省略主語代詞)
否定前綴不能視為否定詞 仍用否定形式.

反意疑問句19條:
1) 陳述部分的主語是I,疑問部分要用 aren't I.
I'm as tall as your sister,aren't I?
2) 陳述部分的謂語是wish,疑問部分要用may +主語。
I wish to have a word with you, may I?
3) 陳述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞時(shí),疑問部分用肯定含義。
The Swede made no answer, did he / she?
Some plants never blown (開花), do they ?
4) 含有ought to 的反意疑問句,陳述部分是肯定的,疑問部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主語。
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
5) 陳述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑問部分常用don't +主語(didn't +主語)。
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
6) 陳述部分的謂語是used to 時(shí),疑問部分用didn't +主語或 usedn't +主語。
He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
7) 陳述部分有had better + v. 疑問句部分用hadn't you?
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
8) 陳述部分有would rather +v.,疑問部分多用 wouldn't +主語。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
9) 陳述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑問部分用wouldn't +主語。
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
10) 陳述部分有must 的疑問句,疑問部分根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。
He must be a doctor, isn't he?
You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?
11) 感嘆句中,疑問部分用用否定的助動(dòng)詞加sb/sth?如:
1)What a fine day it is today!
What a fine day it is today,isn“t it?
2)How fast he runs!
How fast he runs,doesn”t he?
3)What a long time we have been waiting!
What a long time we have been waiting ,haven“t we?
12) 陳述部分由neither… nor, either… or 連接的并列主語時(shí),疑問部分根據(jù)其實(shí)際邏輯意義而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
13) 陳述部分主語是指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this, 疑問部分主語用it。
Everything is ready, isn't it?
14)陳述部分為主語從句或并列復(fù)合句,疑問部分有三種情況:
a. 并列復(fù)合句疑問部分,謂語動(dòng)詞根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語而定。
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?
b. 帶有定語從句,賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句,疑問部分謂語根據(jù)主句的謂語而定:
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?
c. 上述部分主句謂語是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引導(dǎo)的定語從句,疑問部分與賓語從句相對(duì)應(yīng)構(gòu)成反意疑問句。
I don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?
15) 陳述部分主語是不定代詞everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑問部分常用復(fù)數(shù)they,有時(shí)也用單數(shù)he。
Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)
16) 帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare或need的反意疑問句,疑問部分常用 need (dare ) +主語。
We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare not say so, dare you?
當(dāng)dare, need 為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),疑問部分用助動(dòng)詞do + 主語。
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
17) 省去主語的祈使句的反意疑問句,疑問部分用will you。
Don't do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you / won't you ?
注意: Let's 開頭的祈使句,后用shall we?
Let us 開頭的祈使句,后用will you?
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?
18) 陳述部分是"there be"結(jié)構(gòu)的,疑問部分用there省略主語代詞。
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
There will not be any trouble, will there?
19) 否定前綴不能視為否定詞,其反意疑問句仍用否定形式。
It is impossible, isn't it?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
有些動(dòng)詞如:cost hurt hit put 等,它們的過去時(shí)與原型相同,在肯定句中一定要先弄清楚它們是什么時(shí)態(tài).

英語18種特殊的反意疑問句:
1.祈使句。祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you構(gòu)成反意疑問句,用will you 多表
示“請(qǐng)求”,用won't you 多表示提醒對(duì)方注意。例如:   
Look at the blackboard, will you/ won't you?看黑板,好嗎?   
Let 引導(dǎo)的祈使句有兩種情況:   
1) Let's...后的反意疑問句用shall we或shan't we。例如:   
Let's go home, shall we/ shan't we? 回家吧,好嗎?   
還可以用may I來表示征求對(duì)方的同意或許可。   
2) Let us/me...后的反意疑問句用will you或won't you。例如:   
Let me have a try, will you/won't you? 讓我試一試,行嗎?   
2. 感嘆句。感嘆句后加反意疑問句時(shí),其反意疑問句需用be的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的否定形式。 例如:   
What fine weather, isn't it? 多好的天氣啊,是吧?   
3. 當(dāng)陳述部分謂語動(dòng)詞是need, dare, used to,且這些詞被用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),其反意疑問 句需用do的適當(dāng)形式。例如:   
He needs help, doesn't he? 他需要幫助,是嗎?   
4. 陳述部分主、謂語是I am...時(shí),反意疑問句用aren't I 或am't I ,而不是am not I (可 用a m I not)。例如:   
I'm working now, am't I? 我在工作,是嗎?   
5. 陳述部分的主語是everything, nothing, anything或something 時(shí),反意疑問句的主語應(yīng)用代詞it。例如:   
Something is wrong with my radio, isn't it? 我的收音機(jī)出毛病了,是吧?   
6. 陳述部分的主語是 everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, none, neither 時(shí), 其反意疑問句的主語需用復(fù)數(shù)代詞they。 例如:   
Everyone is here, aren't they? 大家都到了,是嗎?   
No one knows about it, do they? 沒有人知道這件事,對(duì)嗎?   
7. 陳述部分的主語是指示代詞this或that時(shí),反意疑問句的主語用it,當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是指示代詞these或those時(shí),其反意疑問句的主語用they。 例如:   
This is a plane, isn't it? 這是一架飛機(jī),是嗎?   
These are grapes,aren't they? 這些是葡萄,是嗎?   
8. 陳述部分的主語是不定代詞one時(shí),反意疑問句的主語可以用one,也可用you(美式英語用he)。例如:   
One should be ready to help others, shouldn't one? 每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該樂于助人,是吧?   
9. 當(dāng)陳述部分含有以下這些含有否定意義的詞時(shí):few, little, seldom,hardly, never, not, no, no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither等,其反意疑問句需用肯定結(jié)構(gòu)。 例如:   
He is never late for school, is he? 他上學(xué)從不遲到,是嗎?   
10. 當(dāng)陳述部分所含的否定詞是通過加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成的,其后的反意疑問句依然用否定結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:   
It is unfair, isn't it? 這不公平,是吧?   
11.含有否定含義的詞在陳述部分作動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí),其反意疑問句用肯定結(jié)構(gòu),也可以用否定結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:   
You got nothing from him, did you? 你從他那兒什么也沒得到,是嗎?   
12. 當(dāng)陳述部分主語是從句、不定式(短語)、動(dòng)詞-ing形式時(shí),反意疑問句的主語應(yīng)該用it。 例如:   
What you need is more important, isn't it?你需要的東西更重要,是吧?   
13. 當(dāng)陳述部分含I think (believe, suppose...)that... 結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),其反意疑問句須與從句的主、謂語保持一致,注意主句的主語必須是第一人稱。例如:   
I don't think he will come, will he? 我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來,對(duì)嗎?   
14.have(has)不是表示“有”的意思,并在句中做謂語時(shí),其反意疑問句的助動(dòng)詞要用do, does, did。例如:   
They had a meeting just now,didn't they? 他們剛才開了個(gè)會(huì),是嗎?   
15. 陳述部分有have to 時(shí),其反意疑問句要用助動(dòng)詞的否定形式。例如:   
You have to water the vegetables every day, don't you?你每天都要澆菜,對(duì)吧?   
16. 陳述部分是there be句型時(shí),其反意疑問句中要用there。例如:   
There was a hospital here, wasn't there? 過去這兒有家醫(yī)院,是嗎?   
17. 陳述部分有had better時(shí),反意疑問句中要用hadn't。例如:   
We had better go to school at once, hadn't we? 我們現(xiàn)在最好馬上去上學(xué),好嗎?
18. 當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must時(shí),我們便要分析一下must的含義。如果must 作“一定;要;必須”講,反意疑問句須用mustn't或needn't;
而當(dāng)must作推測(cè)意義“一定 是;必定”講時(shí),反意疑問句則需根據(jù)must后的動(dòng)詞原形選用相應(yīng)的形式。例如:   
He must work hard at physics, mustn't he? 他必須努力學(xué)物理,是吧?   
Tom must be at home,isn't he? 湯姆一定在家,是吧?

本文來自:逍遙右腦記憶 http://yy-art.cn/chuzhong/261602.html

相關(guān)閱讀:英國(guó)5歲女孩寫信求助女王,回復(fù)異常的暖心