初中英語知識點(diǎn):疑問代詞

編輯: 逍遙路 關(guān)鍵詞: 初中英語 來源: 高中學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)

疑問代詞:
疑問代詞在句中起名詞的作用,用來構(gòu)成疑問句。常用的疑問代詞有:  
what, who, whose, whom, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever   
疑問代詞在句中應(yīng)位于謂語動詞之前,沒有詞性和數(shù)的變化,除who之外也沒有格的變化。
what, which, whose還可作限定詞。
Whose books are these on the desk?
桌上的書是誰的?
What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion?
美國的領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張是朝哪個(gè)方向的?
What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States?
哪些事件使密西西比河以東的大部分土地歸屬于美國?
疑問代詞在句中起名詞詞組的作用,用來構(gòu)成疑問句。疑問代詞有下列幾個(gè):
指 人: who, whom, whose
指 物: what
既可指人又可指物: which



疑問代詞說明:
一、無論是做疑問代詞還是限定詞,which 和 what 所指的范圍不同。what所指的范圍是無限的,而which則指在一定的范圍內(nèi),例如:
Which girls do you like best?
你喜歡哪幾個(gè)姑娘?
What girls do you like best?
你喜歡什么樣的姑娘?


二、Whom是who的賓格,在書面語中,它作動詞賓語或介詞賓語,在口語中作賓語時(shí),可用who代替,但在介詞后只能用whom, 例如:
Who(m) did you meet on the street?
你在街上遇到了誰?(作動詞賓語)
Who(m) are you taking the book to?
你要把這書帶給誰?(作介詞賓語,置句首)
To whom did you speak on the campus?
你在校園里和誰講話了?(作介詞賓語,置介詞 后,不能用who取代。)


三、疑問代詞用于對介詞賓語提問時(shí),過去的文體中介詞和疑問代詞通常一起放在句首,現(xiàn)代英語中,疑問代詞在句首,介詞在句未,例如:
For what do most people live and work?大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(舊文體)
What are you looking for?你在找什么?(現(xiàn)代英語)


四、疑問代詞還可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,例如:
I can't make out what he is driving at.
我不知道他用意何在。
Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?
你能告訴我床上的藍(lán)襯衣是誰的嗎?
Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.
你說的我大部分同意,但并不完全贊同。



疑問代詞用法:
1. 疑問代詞有who, whom, whose, which和what, 都是用來構(gòu)成疑問句的:
Who is calling? 誰打電話來?
Whom do you want to speak to? 你想找誰接電話?
作主語時(shí)用who,作賓語時(shí)用whom,在口語中用who作賓語時(shí)也不少:
Who did you mean? 你指的是誰?
Who are you talking about? 你們在講誰?
直接跟在介詞后時(shí)只能用whom:
With whom did you come? 你和誰一道來的?
(口語中說“Who did you come with?時(shí)更多一些。)

2. 其他三個(gè)疑問代詞可用作:
1)主語:
What’s your address? 你的地址怎樣寫?
Whose is better? 誰的好一些?
Which of these is yours? 哪一本是你的?
2)賓語:
What do you mean? 你是什么意思?
Which do you like better? 哪一個(gè)你更喜歡一些?
Whose have you chosen? 你選了誰的?
3)表語:
What’s her name? 她叫什么名字?
Whose is it? 這是誰的?
4)定語(這樣用時(shí)有些字典標(biāo)作形容詞):
What time does the train leave? 這列火車什么時(shí)候離開?
Which room shall we stay in? 我們住哪間房?
Whose passport is this? 這是誰的護(hù)照?

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