為了強(qiáng)調(diào)、突出等語的目的而顛倒原有語序的句式叫做倒裝句。在倒裝句中，顛倒了的成分可以恢復(fù)原位而句意基本不變，句法成分不變。
倒裝句使用情況：
A. 在疑問句中
各種疑問句一般地說都是倒裝語序。例如：
Will they come to see us this weekend ? 這個(gè)周末他們將來看我們嗎？
Are you talking about the film you saw last Monday ?
你們是在談?wù)撃銈兩现芤豢吹哪遣侩娪皢幔?BR>Can you speak another foreign language except English?
除開英語，你還能說另一種外語嗎？
Where did you buy the dictionary, in the book store nearby or in Xinhua bookstore?
你在哪兒買的這本詞典，是在附近的書店還是在新華書店？
She is not a student, isn't she ? 她不是個(gè)學(xué)生，對(duì)嗎？
B. 在感嘆句中
某些感嘆句也用倒裝語序。例如：
Isn't it a beautiful garden ! 多么美麗的花園�。�
What a beautiful garden it is ! 多么美麗的花園��！
（在這種句式中，主語在謂語之前，屬于自然語序。對(duì)于主語和謂語而言，語序沒有倒裝。）
Have you ever seen such a naughty kid like him ! 你見過那個(gè)孩子像他這么調(diào)皮！
C. 在陳述句中
陳述句在一般情況下用自然語序；但由于英語語法的某些原因，陳述句也要使用倒裝語序。這些原因大致可以歸納如下：
1) 為了避免句子部分內(nèi)容不必要的重復(fù)，常用"so + be動(dòng)詞（助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）+主語"或"neither / nor + be動(dòng)詞（助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）+主語"的倒裝句式。
其中第一個(gè)句式表示"與前面所述的肯定情況相同"， 第二個(gè)句式表示"與前面所述的否定情況相同"。例如：
His brother is a college student; so is mine.
他弟弟是大學(xué)生，我弟弟也是。
His brother is not a college student; nor is min .
他弟弟不是大學(xué)生，我弟弟也不是。
He used to have his further study abroad; so did I.
他曾去國外深造過，我也去過。
He didn't use to have his further study abroad; neither did I.
他沒去國外深造過，我也沒有。
One of my friends can speak three foreign languages; so can his wife.
我的一個(gè)朋友會(huì)說三門外國語，他的妻子也會(huì)。
One of my friends cannot speak three foreign languages; neither can his wife .
我的一個(gè)朋友不會(huì)說三門外國語，他的妻子也不會(huì)。
They are now preparing for their final examinations; so are we .
他們正在為期末考試作準(zhǔn)備，我們也一樣。
They are not now preparing for their final examinations; nor are we .
他們沒在為期末考試作準(zhǔn)備，我們也沒有。
2）具有否定意義的詞或短語置于句首時(shí)（除否定詞修飾主語外），句子一般要寫成部分倒裝句。
這類詞或短語常見的有：
not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, no sooner … (than), hardly … (when), not only … (but also), not until… ,等。例如：
Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door .
她還沒來得及坐下來，就聽見有人敲門。
Not until twelve o'clock did he go to bed last night .
他昨晚直到十二點(diǎn)鐘才睡覺。
Never have my sisters been to Hong Kong before .
我的妹妹們以前從未去過香港。
No sooner had I returned home from New Zealand than I bought a house and went to live there.
我從新西蘭一回國，就買了一棟房子并在那兒住下了。
So far as I know, seldom does Mary come back to see her mother.
就我所知，瑪利幾乎很難回來看她媽媽。
Scarcely a drop of rain fell here last fall . （否定詞修飾主語時(shí)，句子不用倒裝。）
去年秋天，這兒幾乎沒下一滴雨。
3）當(dāng)so, often, only等表示程度、頻率的副詞放在句首時(shí)，句子一般要倒裝。例如：Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem.
只有這樣，你才有可能想出解決這個(gè)問題的辦法。
So serious was the situation that everybody faced a test.
形勢如此地嚴(yán)峻，每個(gè)人都面臨著一場考驗(yàn)。
So hard did he overwork that he fell ill at last. 他太操勞過度以致最后病倒了。
4）當(dāng)there, here, then, now等副詞在句首，且謂語是come, go, be等動(dòng)詞時(shí)，句子一般要全部倒裝。
其意義在于引起他人的注意。如果這類句子的主語是代詞，則不用寫成倒裝句。例如：
Now, here goes the story.這個(gè)故事是這樣的。
Look, there comes the taxi.瞧，出租車過來了。
Then came another question.然后又一個(gè)問題提出來了。
Then followed the four-year War of Liberation.接下來是四年的解放戰(zhàn)爭。
5) 當(dāng)out, in, away, up, bang等表示方位或擬聲詞放在句首時(shí)，句子一般要全部倒裝。
這類句子比自然語序的句子更為生動(dòng)、形象。但如果這類句子的主語是代詞，則不用寫成倒裝句。例如：
Bang goes my ace.我砰地一下打出了"愛司"。
Away flew the bird.那鳥飛走了。
Suddenly, in came a man with a mask on his face.突然進(jìn)來一個(gè)蒙著面具的人。
6) 其他情況還有：省略了if的虛擬條件句、某些表示祝愿的句子、以及某些讓步狀語從句，等等也要用倒裝句式。例如：
（省略了if的虛擬條件句）Had they not helped us, we could not have done it so successfully.
如果沒有他們的幫助，我們不可能把那件事辦的如此成功。
Should he come, say "Nobody in" to him.
萬一他來了,對(duì)他說："公司沒人。"
（某些表示祝愿的句子）May our friendship last forever.
愿我們的友誼常存！
May your company become prosperous.
祝貴公司生意興�。�
（某些讓步狀語從句）Try as I might, I couldn't lift the stone.無論我使多大的勁，我也無法搬起那塊石頭。
They said they would follow the Party's lead come what might.
他們說無論發(fā)生什么情況，他們都會(huì)跟黨走的。
7) 由于修辭或是平衡句子的原因也可以用倒裝句；也可以不用。這不是一條必須的規(guī)定。
Next to this one is another grand hotel which is beautifully decorated .
家飯店隔壁還有一家裝修華麗的大飯店。
On either side of the great avenue stood many block buildings.
這條大街的兩側(cè)都聳立著許多綜合樓。（這類句子也可以不用倒裝句。）
"I'm leaving for Beijing tomorrow," said Tom to his mother (OR: Tom said to his mother) .
湯姆對(duì)他媽媽說："我明天動(dòng)身去北京。"
Many block buildings stood on either side of the great avenue.
許多綜合樓聳立在這條大街的兩側(cè)。
Another grand hotel, which is beautifully decorated, is next to this one .
這家飯店隔壁還有一家大飯店，那家飯店裝修十分華麗。
完全倒裝與部分倒裝:
1.完全倒裝（Full Inversion）：又稱"全部倒裝",是指將句子中的謂語全部置于主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。
謂語+主語+……
①There be（的各種形式）+主語（+地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間狀語）
例子：
There was a drop in the temperature.溫度下降了
There are brids singing in the tree.鳥兒在樹上唱歌。
②副詞小品詞+謂語動(dòng)詞+名詞主語+……
③過去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞+be的各種形式+主語+……
2.部分倒裝（Partial Inversion）（又稱半倒裝句）：
指將謂語的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞倒裝至主語之前,而謂語動(dòng)詞無變化。
如果句中的謂語沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do,does或did，并將其置于主語之前。
英語句子的倒裝一是由于語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要而進(jìn)行的倒裝，二是由于修辭的需要而進(jìn)行的倒裝。
前一種情況,倒裝是必須的，否則就會(huì)出現(xiàn)語法錯(cuò)誤；
后一種情況，倒裝是選擇性的，倒裝與否只會(huì)產(chǎn)生表達(dá)效果上的差異。
倒裝的作用:
通常是希望強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的某一部分
1. 當(dāng)以there, here, out , in , up , down, away 等副詞開頭的句子，為了起到強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用，可構(gòu)成倒裝句，只把副詞放在句首，主語和謂語位置調(diào)換，不加助動(dòng)詞。
Our teacher came in.
In came our teacher.
這種倒裝要求：主語必須是名詞。主語是人稱代詞時(shí)，主語和謂語語序不變。
Here it is.
Away he went.
這類倒裝句式一般只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。
Here comes the bus.
Out rushed the boys.
2. how, then, just, often 表示時(shí)間的副詞放在句首，可構(gòu)成倒裝句，只把副詞放在句首，主語和謂語位置調(diào)換，不加助動(dòng)詞。
Then came 8 years of the Anti Japanese War.
3. 表地點(diǎn)狀語的介詞短語放在句首，要用倒裝句式，以示強(qiáng)調(diào)。
這種倒裝句也是主謂直接調(diào)換位置，不加助動(dòng)詞did, does或do.
Under a big tree sat a fat man half asleep.
4. there放在句首時(shí)，要用倒裝句式。
在“there + be”結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動(dòng)詞有時(shí)不用be , 而用表示類似“存在”觀念的其他不及物動(dòng)詞。如：
live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。
There came shouts for help from the river.
There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.
Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house.
In front of the tower flews a stream.
5. so + 動(dòng)詞+主語
neither/ nor + 動(dòng)詞+主語
表示兩人的同樣一個(gè)情況時(shí)，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的動(dòng)詞、時(shí)態(tài)要一致。
否則要用so it is with…
You can ride a bike. So can I .
He has been to Beijing. So have I .
The first one isn’t good, neither is the second.
His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. So it is with his aunt.
6. so+ 形容詞/副詞that 的結(jié)構(gòu)狀語從句可以用正常語序表示，也可以把so+形容詞/副詞放于句首構(gòu)成倒裝。
句型如下： so +形容詞/副詞+be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞that +從句。
Light travels so fast that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
= So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
So easy was the work that they finished it in a few days.
7. done做形容詞在句中做表語時(shí)，常把表語放在句首，要用倒裝句式。
Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.
8. 否定副詞not , never, seldom, nowhere, little , rarely 放于句首時(shí)要用倒裝句式。
We seldom get up at four in the morning.
= Seldom do we get up at four in the morning.
Not a single word from him could the enemy drag.
Rarely have I heard of such a silly thing.
9. hardly…when; scarcely…when…; no sooner…than… 可以用正常語序 had hardly done when… did 或用倒裝句式Hardly had + 主語+ done when… did 句式。
hardly所在的句子用過去完成時(shí)。
The bell hardly had rung when the class began.= Hardly had the bell rung when the class began.
No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he began to work.
10. not only… but also 如連接兩個(gè)成分時(shí)，不用倒裝；連接句子時(shí)，前面的句子要用倒裝。
Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.
Not only is he busy, but also I have a lot of work to do.
Not only does he speak English very well, but also he speaks French well.
11. only 及所修飾的副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句放在句首時(shí)，要用：
only+ 狀語+ be /助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語及其他
Only when he told me the news did I know what had happened.
Only in this way can you make progress in your English.
12. 虛擬語氣中的倒裝句
If I were you, I would take the job. = Were I you, I would take the job.
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