初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn):一般過(guò)去時(shí)

編輯: 逍遙路 關(guān)鍵詞: 初中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源: 高中學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
一般過(guò)去時(shí):
表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為;過(guò)去主語(yǔ)所具備的能力和性格。
基本結(jié)構(gòu):
主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其他;
否定形式①was/were+not;②在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞;
一般疑問(wèn)句Did+主語(yǔ)+do+其他。

一般過(guò)去時(shí)句法結(jié)構(gòu):
肯定形式
主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其他
例句:She often came to help us in those days.
否定形式
①was/were+not;②在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞
例句:I didn't know you like coffee
一般疑問(wèn)句
①Did+主語(yǔ)+do+其他? ②Was\Were+主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)?
例句:Did I do that?
用表格整理如下:































肯定式疑問(wèn)式否定式疑問(wèn)否定式
IworkedDid I work?I did not workDid I not work?
He(She,It) workedDid he(she,it) work?He(she,it) did not workDid he(she,it) notwork?
We workedDid we work?We did not workDid we not work?
You workedDid you work?You did not workDid you not work?
They workedDid they work?They did not workDid they not work?
記憶口訣:
一般過(guò)去時(shí)并不難,過(guò)去動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)記心間。
動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去式,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)句末站。
否定句很簡(jiǎn)單,didn't 站在動(dòng)原前,其它部分不要變。
一般疑問(wèn)句也好變,did放在句子前,主語(yǔ)、動(dòng)原、其它部分依次站。
特殊疑問(wèn)句也簡(jiǎn)單,疑問(wèn)詞加一般疑問(wèn)句記心間。
最后一條請(qǐng)注意,動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式要牢記!

一般過(guò)去時(shí)中動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則:































構(gòu)成


舉例


一般情況


詞尾+ed


動(dòng)詞原形


過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞


look
talk


looked
talked


以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾


詞尾+d


like
arrive


liked
arrived


以“輔以字母+y”結(jié)尾


變y為i,再加ed


fly
study


flied
studied


以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母


雙寫(xiě)詞尾+ed


stop
plan


stopped
planned


結(jié)構(gòu)句型:

1.一般句子
I watched TV last night.
2.一般疑問(wèn)句
Did you watch TV last night?
3.there be 句型
There was an apple on the table last night.
Was there an apple on the table last night

一般過(guò)去時(shí)注意事項(xiàng):
1.注意主句與從句中時(shí)態(tài)的一致性
如果主句用了過(guò)去時(shí),從句中一般也要用過(guò)去式,或者過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)等。例如:
He believed that he was right. 他相信自己是對(duì)的。
I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在這兒。
I thought they were with you. 我以為他們和你在一起。

2.在口語(yǔ)中, 一般過(guò)去時(shí)并不一定指真正的過(guò)去,而只是表示一種禮貌性語(yǔ)氣。例如:
I wondered (wonder) if you could do me a favor. 不知你可否幫我一個(gè)忙。
I wanted (want) to ask if I could borrow your car. 我想問(wèn)問(wèn)可否借用你的車(chē)。
I hoped (hope) you could (can) give me some advice. 我希望你能幫我出點(diǎn)主意。
Did (Do) you want to see me? 你想見(jiàn)我嗎?

3.used to
used to 是一個(gè)詞組,表示“過(guò)去曾經(jīng)是……而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)停止了”的動(dòng)作。例如:
I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我過(guò)去常常一天干十四個(gè)小時(shí)。(而現(xiàn)在不這樣了)
I used to take a walk in the morning.我過(guò)去是在早晨散步。(而現(xiàn)在不在早晨散步了)

一般過(guò)去式用法:
(1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生,也可以表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。
一般過(guò)去時(shí)不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,只說(shuō)明過(guò)去的事情。
句式:主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+賓語(yǔ)+其它
I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨,我跟茱莉雅說(shuō)了幾句話。
He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他沒(méi)有戒煙的那陣子,抽煙抽得可兇了。

(2) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或從句連用,如:
yesterday,last week ,in the past ,in 1993,at that time,once,during the war,before,a few days ago,when 等等.
(句子中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是用一般過(guò)去時(shí)還是用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),取決于動(dòng)作是否對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響)。
Have you had your lunch? 你吃過(guò)午飯了嗎?(你現(xiàn)在不餓嗎?)
Yes,I have. 是的,我已經(jīng)吃過(guò)了。(已經(jīng)吃飽了,不想再吃了。)
When did you have it? 你是什么時(shí)候吃的?(關(guān)心的是吃的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在何時(shí)。)
I had it about ten minutes ago. 我大約是十分鐘以前吃的。)
Used to do something 表示過(guò)去常做而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)停止了的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。
I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我過(guò)去常常一天干十四個(gè)小時(shí)。
I ate it at 6:45。我在六點(diǎn)四十五分吃了。

(3)帶有確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),要用過(guò)去時(shí)。如:
yesterday(昨天)、two days ago…(兩天前…… )、last year…(去年…)、the other day(前幾天)、
once upon a time(很久以前)、 just now(剛才)、in the old days(過(guò)去的日子里)、before liberation(解放前…)、
When I was 8 years old(當(dāng)我八歲時(shí)…)、at+一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)
Did you have a party the other day?前幾天,你們開(kāi)了晚會(huì)了嗎?
Lei Feng was a good soldier.雷鋒是個(gè)好戰(zhàn)士。
注:在談到已死去的人的情況時(shí),多用過(guò)去時(shí)。

(4)表示過(guò)去連續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí),要用過(guò)去時(shí)。這種情況下,往往沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),而通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表示。
The boy opened his eyes for a moment,looked at the captain,and then died.
那男孩把眼睛張開(kāi)了一會(huì)兒,看看船長(zhǎng),然后就去世了。

(5)表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng);蚍磸(fù)的動(dòng)作。常與always,never等連用。
Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太過(guò)去老是帶著一把傘。
(只是說(shuō)明她過(guò)去的動(dòng)作,不表明她現(xiàn)在是否常帶著傘。)
比較:
Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是帶著傘。
(說(shuō)明這是她的習(xí)慣,表明她現(xiàn)在仍然還習(xí)慣總帶著一把傘)
Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella.彼得太太 總是帶著一把傘。
(表示說(shuō)話者對(duì)這一動(dòng)作或行為厭煩)
I never drank wine.我以前從不喝酒。
(不涉及到現(xiàn)在,不說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在是否喝酒)

(6)如果強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)終止的習(xí)慣時(shí)要用 used to do(過(guò)去常常做,而現(xiàn)在不那樣做了)
He used to drink alcohol.他過(guò)去喝酒。
(意味著他現(xiàn)在不喝酒了。喝酒這個(gè)動(dòng)作終止了)
I used to take a walk in the morning.我過(guò)去是在早晨散步。
(意味著現(xiàn)在不在早晨散步了)
比較:
I took a walk in the morning.我曾經(jīng)在早晨散過(guò)步。
(只是說(shuō)明過(guò)去這一動(dòng)作)

(7)有些句子,雖然沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去確定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ),但實(shí)際上是指過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)的話,也要用過(guò)去時(shí)。
I didn''t know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。
(因?yàn)樵谡f(shuō)話時(shí),我已經(jīng)知道你在巴黎了。這句話指的是說(shuō)話之前,所以只能用過(guò)去時(shí)表示。實(shí)際上,這句話暗指:But now I know you are here.)
I thought you were ill.我以為你病了呢。
(這句話應(yīng)是在說(shuō)話之前,我以為你病了。但是現(xiàn)在我知道你沒(méi)病)

一般過(guò)去時(shí)三變技巧:
一變:肯定句變?yōu)榉穸ň?BR>技巧1.當(dāng)句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞could,would,should等時(shí),可直接在其后面加not構(gòu)成否定句。例如:
I could get you a concert ticket. → I could not / couldn't get you a concert ticket.
技巧2.當(dāng)句中含有系動(dòng)詞was,were 時(shí),可直接在其后加not構(gòu)成否定句。例如:
I was on the Internet when you called me. → I was not / wasn't on the Internet when you called me.
技巧3.當(dāng)句中謂語(yǔ)是除情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞was, were以外的動(dòng)詞時(shí),在該動(dòng)詞之前加did not / didn't,動(dòng)詞還原,構(gòu)成否定句。例如:
The famous singer sang some Chinese songs. → The famous singer did not / didn't sing any Chinese songs.

二變:陳述句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句
技巧1.移動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)的位置。將was,were, could,would,should等移到句首。例如:
He could pack his things himself. → Could he pack his things himself?
技巧2.添加助動(dòng)詞did。謂語(yǔ)是除情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞was, were以外的動(dòng)詞時(shí),在主語(yǔ)之前加did,動(dòng)詞還原。例如:
Mr Li looked very old. → Did Mr Li look very old?

三變:陳述句變?yōu)樘厥庖蓡?wèn)句
技巧1.確定疑問(wèn)詞:人who / whom,物what,地點(diǎn)where,時(shí)間when / what time,原因why,頻率how often,長(zhǎng)度how long,距離how far等等。例如:
They gave the concert last night. → When did they give the concert?
技巧2.辨認(rèn)結(jié)構(gòu)形式:疑問(wèn)詞+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/ was / were / did +主語(yǔ)+...? 例如:
The accident happened near the station. → Where did the accident happen?

本文來(lái)自:逍遙右腦記憶 http://yy-art.cn/chuzhong/281644.html

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