關(guān)于動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的注意點(diǎn)
<例句>
She said she understood.
她說她懂了。
<語法分析>
當(dāng)主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，從句需要用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，即要注意句子時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)。當(dāng)從句所表示的內(nèi)容是個(gè)普遍真理或一般規(guī)律時(shí)或當(dāng)從句有絕對表示過去的時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，句子的主句和從句不存在時(shí)態(tài)上的呼應(yīng)。聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞be的一般時(shí)可表示完成概念，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，可表示“到說話時(shí)為止”。
<觸類旁通>
(1) I wasn't sure whether you (were) [be] watching TV or not.
我不敢肯定你是不是在看電視。
語法分析：主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，從句需要用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
(2) She told me she had graduated from university three years before.
她告訴我她三年前就大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。
語法分析：從句謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，從句多用過去完成時(shí)。
(3) He said he would do anything for his own home.
他說他愿為他自己的家庭做任何事情。
語法分析：從句謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后時(shí)，從句多用過去將來時(shí)。
(4) My teacher said that light travels much faster than sound.
我的老師說光的速度比聲音的速度快得多。
語法分析：從句所表示的內(nèi)容是個(gè)普遍真理或一般規(guī)律時(shí)，不存在時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)。
(5) My fever is gone.
我的燒已經(jīng)退了。
語法分析：聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞be的一般時(shí)可表示完成概念。
<鞏固練習(xí)>
(1) The facts proved that the earth and all the other panets _____[move] around the sun.
(2) The teacher said that when a person _____[learn] a foreign language, he must not translate everything into his own.
(3) She said that the little boy ______[break] his leg.
(4) I was told that my brother ______[go] home tomorrow.
(5) He told me that he ______[be] only 14.
(6) You will notice that this word _____[has] several meanings.
(7) I wonder who _____[build] the great bridge.
(8) It ______[be] since his death.
(9) Ever since then, the monkey _____[come] out only at night.
(10) He told me yesterday that she _____[murder] three days before.
<參考答案>
(1) move (2) is learning (3) had broken (4) is going (5) is (6) has (7) built (8) is (9)comes (10) had been murdered
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