高一英語講學(xué)案
M1U1基礎(chǔ)知識過關(guān)測試 Period 12
一、根據(jù)提示及句子里的其它信息完成句子，每空一詞。(每空0.5分，共30分)
1. I usually get up an hour later _______________ _______________（比平時）.
2. Going hiking must be ____________ _____________ _____________（激動人心的經(jīng)歷）.
3. I don’t know the girl who is sitting ____________ ___________（旁邊）me.
4. The best way _______ _________ __________ well（學(xué)好英語）is to practise it every day.
5. The ________ _________ （平均年齡）of the students in my class is 15.
6. _________ was hard __________ the children to go to school.（以前孩子們上學(xué)困難）
7. I think your English is __________（進步）.
8. It’s no good spending too much time ___________ _________ ____________（上網(wǎng)）.
9. In some countries children go to school _________ _________（免費）.
10.I don’t think it right to _________（放棄） the subjects you’re not interested _________.
11.We often __________ （放松）ourselves by listening to music.
12.Could you tell me __________ your school life _________ ___________（學(xué)校生活怎么樣）?
13.The workers demanded an i______________ answer（立刻答復(fù)）.
14.She didn’t pay any ____________ to _________ I said（注意我說的話）.
15.To __________ high ____________ （取得好成績）is not the only reason _______ we study.
16.To remember so many words in such a short time is really ____________ __________ me.
（對我來說具有挑戰(zhàn)性）
17.He e____________（贏得）his place in the team by training hard.
18.She is such a person __________ is hard _______ ___________（難以取悅）.
19.After __________ __________（畢業(yè)）university, he once worked as a newspaper reporter.
20.___________ finishing his studies（一完成學(xué)業(yè)）, he started traveling in China.
21.It is urgent that we __________ food and clothing __________ the sufferers（捐贈）.
22.I asked the headmaster if music could be played during break time and he ____________（批準(zhǔn)）the idea.
23.The school radio often play the songs ___________ __________ _________（學(xué)生唱的）.
24.This is the most interesting book that I ____________ __________（讀過的）.
25.I ____________ to _______（遺憾地通知）you that the sports meeting will have to be put off
because of the rain.
26.I am happy __________ my new dress, because it is not only ___________（時尚）but also inexpensive.
27.All students are r_____________ （要求）to attend school assembly ________ Monday mornings.
28.How we look is not ______ important as _________ we learn at school.
29.Some of us prefer（喜歡）staying in the classroom ___________（不喜歡） doing sports.
30.I enjoy _____________ ____________（課外活動） and I am glad that they might also help me get into a good college.
二、選擇最佳答案填入空格處（每題1分，共35分）
1. Living _______ for long will make you interested in nothing serious.
A. in ease B. at ease C. with ease D. for ease
2. The lesson we learn yesterday was difficult _________.
A. to understand B. to be understood C. we understood D. understanding
3. The little bird missed ___________ and flew away.
A. shooting B. being shot C. to shoot D. to be shot
4. ________ the day went on, the weather got worse.
A. With B. Since C. As D. For
5. When you leave the room, make sure _____________.
A. you lock the door B. that lock the door C. of lock the door D. to locking the door
6. ________ he comes or not, I’ll keep a seat for you.
A. If B. Whether C. When D. No matter
7. The little girl would like ___________ to the theatre.
A. to take B. taking C. to be taken D. being taken
8. ----Would you like to ________ my birthday party this Saturday?
----Sorry, I have an important meeting to _________.www.xkb1.com
A. attend/join B. take part /attend C. attend/join D. attend /attend
9. The place has _________ from a fishing port into a tourist center.
A. increased B. discovered C. developed D. improved
10. Attention must be paid _________ and spoken English.
A. to listen B. listen C. to listening D. for listening
11. These tickets are ________. The film company gave hem away to us ______.
A. for free/free B. free/freely C. free/for free D. free of charge/free
12. We’ve always deeply _________ selling the farm.
A. regretted B. missed C. worried D. doubted
13. ----What’s that terrible noise?
----The neighbors _________ for a party.
A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare
14. ----She seems a _________ waitress.
----Yes, each of us always feels _______ with her good manners and service.
A. pleased/pleased B. pleasant/pleasant C. pleased/pleasant D. pleasant/pleased
15. The boys each _______ they came first in the race.
A. say B. says C. are said that D. is said that
16. His health requires that he _________ early.
A. should go to bed B. goes to bed C. will go to bed D. go to the bed
17. In 1960, this was the longest bridge that __________.
A. was ever built B. had ever built C. has ever been built D. had ever been built
18. What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it.
A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which
19. ----Do you regret having left your first job?
----Why should I? I _______ as much, but I enjoy more of it.
A. didn’t earn B. don’t earn C. hadn’t earned D. haven’t earned
20. I want you ______ me __________ of how things are going with you.
A. to keep/informing B. keep/informed C. to keep/informed D. keep/informing
21. The second book I want to read is Travels in China.
A. which B. what C. that D. as
22. I’ll never forget the days I stayed in your beautiful country.
A. when B. in which C. that D. for which
23. The school I visited last year was not the one I once worked.
A. which; where B. which; which C. where; which D. where; where
24. She had two daughters, became doctors.
A. all of them B. all of whom C. both of them D. both of whom
25. The magazine Betty paid one dollar was very good.
A. that B. which C. for which D. to which
26. I’m one of the boys never late for school.
A. that is B. who are C. who am D. who is
27. is known to us all, the earth moves around the sun.
A. This B. That C. It D. As
28. Is this museum they visited last month?
A. that B. where C. which D. the one
29. I s this the museum they visited last month?
A. when B. where C. which D. the one
30. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, , of course,
made the others unhappy.
A. who B. which C. this D. what
31. Alec asked the policeman he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.
A. with him B. who C. with whom D. whom
32. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, other visitors seldom go.
A. what B. which C. where D. when
33. We are living in an age many things are done on computer.
A. which B. that C. whose D. when
34. A modern city has been set up in was a waste land ten years ago.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
35. The English play my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
三、改錯（改動、增減只能在一個詞上進行）（每題1分，共20分）
1．The fan which you want it is on the table.
2．The man brought our textbooks here yesterday is in the next room.
3．That’s the child his drawings we were looking at just now.
4．The house where he lives in needs repairing.
5．All the books there, that have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.
6．I don’t like the way in that he speaks to his father.
7．It is known to all, Taiwan is part of China.
8． I, who is your good friend, will try my best to help you out.
9． After reading , don’t forget to put the books to where they were.
10.Is this museum which they visited last month?
11.There is going to have a lecture on 1 Oct. in the lecture hall.
12.The children get a great number of fun out of dressing in other people’s clothes.
13.Be care of that dog may bite you.
14.Jane: Whom would you like to talk with at the end of the lecture?
Mary: The lady we call her Miss White.
15.I’m looking forward to hear from you soon.
16.I prefer leisure clothes than fashionable clothes.
17.The goods were on displayed in the shop window.
18.The police haven’t got enough informations to catch the criminal.
19.Don’t forget to email me immediate you arrive home.
20.David, as well as his parents, are going to Beijing for a holiday.
四、根據(jù)要求改寫句子（每句1分，共15分）
1. The school radio always play songs sung by students.（將劃線部分改為定語從句）
2. I spent more than two hours covering the distance.（用take重寫本句）
3. You gave me a surprise.（改為感嘆句）
4. People saw the missing boy playing near the river.（改為被動態(tài)）
5. She works seven days a week, and six of them work until one o’clock at night.
(將劃線部分改為非限制性定語從句)
6. The sports meet was finally put off because of the heavy rain.
（將劃線部分改為原因狀語從句）
7. Upon finishing his studies, he started traveling in China.（用as將劃線部分改為狀語從句）
8. His English is not so good as mine.（改為肯定句）
9. As is reported, twenty people were injured in the accident, including five children.
（用It做主語將劃線部分改為主語從句）
10. He studied hard. He got the highest score in the final examination.（用so…that…句型合并句子）
11. We should pay attention to listening and spoken English.（用劃線部分做主語將本句改為被動態(tài)）
12. He fell asleep as soon as he sat down..（用immediately替換劃線部分）
13. The doctor requires him to go to bed early.（將劃線部分改為賓語從句）
14. I did what I could to help him.（將劃線部分改為all that句型）
15. 過去，孩子們上學(xué)困難。（譯成英文）
高一英語講學(xué)案
M1U1基礎(chǔ)知識過關(guān)測試
1. than usual 2. an exciting experience 3. next to 4. to learn English 5. average age
6. It for 7. improving 8. surfing the Internet / on the Internet 9. for free
10. drop 11. relax 12. what is like 13. immediate 14. attention what 15. achieve grades
16. challenging for 17. earned 18. who to please 19. graduating from 20 On 21. donate to 22. approved 23. sung by students 24. ever read 25. regret inform 26. with popular
27. required on 28. as what 29. to 30. out-class activities
BABCA BCDCC CABDA ADACC CBADC BDDCB CCDAC
Teaching objectives:教師用
Students are expected to know how to use attributive clauses properly and freely.
Attributive Clauses (定語從句)
幾個必須弄清的問題：
1.定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句兩種。
2.定語從句（Attributive Clause）在句中作定語，修飾名詞、代詞或詞組。
3.被定語從句修飾的名詞、代詞或詞組叫做先行詞。
4.定語從句由關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)。關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞兩種。
　　關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, whose, that, which等。關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why等。
5.關(guān)系詞的三作用：（1）引導(dǎo)定語從句；（2）代表先行詞；（3）在定語從句中充當(dāng)某一個成分（主語、表語、賓語、定語或狀語）。
限 制 性 定 語 從 句
一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
關(guān)系代詞所代表的先行詞是表示人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
1. 先行詞指物時，用關(guān)系代詞that／which引導(dǎo)定語從句。
如：He bought a coat that／which cost little． 他買了一件便宜上衣。（作主語）
The car which ／ that he bought yesterday is a secondhand one．
他昨天買的車是個二手貨。（作賓語）
2. 先行詞指人時，用關(guān)系代詞that／who（在口語中可代替whom）引導(dǎo)定語從句。
如：The man who ／ that gave a speech yesterday on TV is the president．
昨天在電視上演講的人是總統(tǒng)。（作主語）
This is the strange man that／who／whom I met yesterday．
這就是我昨天碰到的那個怪人。（作賓語）
3.whose在從句中作定語，既可指人，作“某（些）人的”解；也可指物，作“某（些）物的”解。
如：This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake．
這就是在那次大地震中失去雙親的那個小姑娘。
We live in a house whose windows open to the south．
我們居住在一所窗戶朝南的房子里。
定語從句中謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于先行詞是否單復(fù)數(shù)。例如：
He is one of the students who work hard．
他是那些學(xué)習(xí)努力的學(xué)生之一。（who指先行詞the students）
He is the only one of the students who goes abroad． 他是學(xué)生中唯一出國的。（who指先行詞the only one）
二、記清多用關(guān)系代詞that的幾種情況。
1.先行詞為all，everything，nothing，something，anything，little，few much等不定代詞時。如：There is little that I can use．幾乎沒有什么我能用的了。
2.先行詞被all， each， few， much， every， no， some， any等不定代詞修飾時。
如：All the books that you need are here．你所需要的書都在這兒。
3.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。
如：This is the first composition that he has written in English．
這是他用英語寫的第一篇作文。
4.先行詞既有人又有物時。
如：He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited．
他談到了他曾拜訪過的老師和學(xué)校。
5.主句是以who或which開頭的疑問句時。
如：Who is the man that is speaking over there？在那里說話的人是誰？
6.先行詞被the only，the very， the last等修飾時。
如：This is the very gun that I am looking for． 這正是我在找的槍。
7.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時。
如：He is not the young man that he was thirty years ago．
他已不是三十年前的那個年輕人了。
關(guān)系副詞where, when和why
關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。
三、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)的定語從句
1. 當(dāng)先行詞是表示地點的名詞，如place， room， mountain， airport等，同時又在從句中作狀語時，定語從句需要用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。
例如：The two lost boys happened to come into a cave where they discovered some very valuable prehistorical rock paintings by chance．
那兩個迷路的男孩碰巧進入了一個山洞，在那里他們意外地發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些非常有價值的史前巖畫。
在上述例句中，where代表in the cave，作地點狀語。
2. 通常，引導(dǎo)定語從句的where大都可以轉(zhuǎn)換成“介詞＋which”的形式。例如：The American soldiers rushed into the President Mansion where ／ in which they found those gold bars．美國士兵沖進總統(tǒng)官邸，在那里他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了那些金條。
3.當(dāng)表示地點的先行詞在從句中不是作狀語，而是作主語、賓語或表語時，必須用關(guān)系代詞that或which引導(dǎo)定語從句，而不是用where。
試比較：
The Yangtze Gorges is a beautiful place (that ／ which) people all over the world look forward to visiting．
長江三峽是個美麗的地方，全世界的人都渴望來參觀。
The Yangtze River is our mother river where the Chinese people have created the brilliant Chinese civilization．
長江是我們的母親河，中華民族在那里創(chuàng)造了燦爛的華夏文明。
在第一句的定語從句中，visiting是一個及物動詞，必須帶賓語，而關(guān)系副詞where不能作賓語，所以只能用which或that引導(dǎo)，而且二者可以省略；在第二句的定語從句中，不缺主語、賓語、表語，所以用where作狀語。
關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)的定語從句
1.當(dāng)先行詞是表示時間的名詞，如time， day， year， month， week等，同時又在從句中作狀語時，定語從句需要用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)。
例如：Galileo lived at a time when the human spirit was waking after a thousand years of sleep．
伽利略生活的時代是人類靈魂經(jīng)過了千年沉睡之后正在蘇醒的時代。
2.與where一樣，引導(dǎo)定語從句的when也可以轉(zhuǎn)換成“介詞＋which”的形式。
例如： All the Chinese， at home and abroad， will forever remember the date when ／ on which the Red Five-star Flag was raised in Hong Kong．
海內(nèi)外的所有華人都不會忘記五星紅旗在香港的土地上升起時的日子。
3.當(dāng)先行詞為the time， the moment， the day， the minute等時，關(guān)系副詞when可以省略，也可以用that引導(dǎo)。
例如：The moment (that ／ when) I turned round， she had left and disappeared in the crowd．
當(dāng)我轉(zhuǎn)過身來時，她已經(jīng)離開并消失在人群中了。
Do you still remember the day we got to know each other?
你還記得我們彼此相識的那一天嗎？
這時的定語從句（省略了when或that），實際上已經(jīng)是一個時間狀語從句了。
4.當(dāng)表示時間的先行詞在從句中不是作狀語，而是作主語、賓語或表語時，必須用關(guān)系代詞that或which引導(dǎo)定語從句，而不是用when。
例如：The film reminded me of those miserable days (that／which) I spent in my childhood．
這部電影使我想起了我童年時代度過的那些苦難日子。
關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)的定語從句
1.當(dāng)先行詞是表示原因的名詞reason時，定語從句需要用關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)，此時的定語從句說明先行詞的內(nèi)容。
例如：Do you know the reason why there are heat losses in a steam engine?
你知道蒸汽機中存在熱損耗的原因嗎？
2.我們也可以用for which來替代why。
例如：The reason why／for which you failed，I think，was that you had turned a deaf ear to your mother’s advice．
我認(rèn)為你失敗的原因是你不聽你母親的忠告。
注意：在“the reason why sb． does sth． is that?從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，that不能換成because。
初學(xué)定語從句時，同學(xué)們易犯的錯誤歸納起來有語義重復(fù)、主謂不一致及引導(dǎo)詞的誤用等。同學(xué)們可以先試著找出下列這些句子中的錯誤并加以改正，然后參閱題后的分析。
1．The woman which was interviewed on CCTV last night was the late US President Nixon’s daughter．
分析: 定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有兩大類：一類是關(guān)系代詞，包括that, which, who, whom和whose。當(dāng)先行詞是指人的名詞或代詞時，要用who, whom或whose來引導(dǎo)定語從句，并且，它們分別在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語；當(dāng)先行詞是指事物的名詞或代詞時，要用which來引導(dǎo)定語從句；而that既可以指人，又可以指物。另一類是關(guān)系副詞，常用的有where（表地點），when（表時間）及why（表原因）。本例中的先行詞指人，所以應(yīng)把which改成who或that。
2．The main topic people are talking about it at present is the construction of the Yangtse Three Gorges Dam．
分析 the main topic是先行詞，people are ．．． about it at present是定語從句，其中關(guān)系代詞that或which在句中作介詞about的賓語，被省略了。所以it是重復(fù)的成分，應(yīng)該去掉。初學(xué)者很容易犯語意重復(fù)的錯誤，應(yīng)當(dāng)十分注意。
3．God bless this ship and all that sails in her！分析 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。本例先行詞是一個表復(fù)數(shù)概念的代詞all，所以定語從句的謂語動詞sails應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)，即sail。句意是：上帝保佑這條船和所有乘船的人吧！關(guān)于主謂一致，有一個特例值得注意。見第4例。
4．Franklin D.Roosevelt was the only one of the US presidents that were in office for 4 terms．
分析 當(dāng)先行詞是“the only one of the＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時，定語從句的謂語動詞要與one保持一致，用單數(shù)?當(dāng)先行詞是“one of the ＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時，定語從句的謂語動詞要與復(fù)數(shù)名詞保持一致，用復(fù)數(shù)。
例如：The Great Wall is one of the man-made constructions that have been seen from space．
5．The speed at that the rocket can escape from the earth is 11.2 kilometers per second．
分析 當(dāng)介詞提前時，不能用關(guān)系代詞that或who引導(dǎo)定語從句，而應(yīng)該用which或whom。這兒的先行詞speed是表事物的名詞，所以應(yīng)該把that改成which，而且不能省略（因為直接在介詞后）。句意是：火箭的逃逸速度是每秒11.2公里。
6．This is a new type of airplane, which parts are all made at home．
分析 不管先行詞是指人還是物，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作定語時，都必須用whose；但是指物時，還可以用“the ＋名詞＋of which”的形式表示。故本例可改成：This is a new type of airplane, whose parts are all made at home．或者This is a new type of airplane, the parts of which are all made at home．
7．Anything which exists in the universe has its two sides．
分析 當(dāng)先行詞是表事物的不定代詞，如all,everything,anything．．．時,關(guān)系代詞要用that，而不用which，故本句要把關(guān)系代詞which 改為that。
8．Whatever Saddam did couldn’t change US mind to attack Iraq, that we had expected．
分析 that 不能用來引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。本定語從句的先行詞是一個先行句，即前面整個句子，所以本從句中的關(guān)系代詞that必須改為which。當(dāng)然也可以用when, where, who（m）等引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，而且不可省略，whom也不能用who代替。
例如：Mr. Robert, whom I’ll invite to my new house, is a famous lawyer of our city．
9.Recently I have been reading a good book, it was about the relationship between man and nature．
分析 該句中前后兩句之間為逗號，且無連接詞，故后一句應(yīng)是一個非限定性定語從句，修飾先行詞book,所以it應(yīng)改為which。
定語從句是歷年高考試題的考查熱點之一，下面就定語從句應(yīng)特別注意的幾個問題加以舉例分析：
Ⅰ．關(guān)系代詞which
1.The Greens will move into the new house next Monday, ＿＿＿it will be completely finished．A.by the time B． by which time C．that D.which
2.Water boils at 100℃, ＿＿＿＿＿it changes to gas．A． at which temperature B． at which C． by which temperature　D．by which 析：which 引導(dǎo)定語從句時，在從句中除了作主語或賓語外，還可以作定語修飾名詞，常用于“介詞＋which＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，相當(dāng)于“and＋介詞＋this／that＋名詞”。所以例1選B；例2選A。
Ⅱ．關(guān)系副詞when
例1．Could you suggest a time ＿＿it would fit you to visit us and try out the machine?
例2．Think of a time ＿＿＿you were happiest．(Senior3,L93)
例3．There was a time ＿＿＿＿＿all scientists were willing to share their results．（Senior3,L3） A． that B． when C． which D． where
析：當(dāng)先行詞為a time(一段時間)時，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞常用when，而不采用that，故以上例題均選B。在我們課本中類似的句子還有：①This was at a time when there was no radio, TV or cinema．(Senior2,L70) ②It’s about a time when there were black slaves in North America．(Senior1,L53)
Ⅲ．關(guān)系代詞but
例：There is no one ＿＿＿＿＿wishes peace．A．who B．but C． that D. whom
析：本題句意為“沒有人不希望和平�！眀ut作關(guān)系代詞，在定語從句中作主語。but相當(dāng)于who ／ that don’t ／ doesn’t，but本身含有否定意義。故本題選B。
Ⅳ．定語從句與強調(diào)句及其他從句的混合
例1．It was in the small house ＿＿＿＿was built with stones by his father ＿＿＿＿h(yuǎn)e spent his childhood．A.which that B.that where C.which which D．where that
析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句的主句為強調(diào)句型，第一空應(yīng)由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞house。故本題選A。
例2．The meeting was put off, ＿＿＿＿was exactly ＿＿＿＿we wanted．
A． which?which B． as? that C． which?what D． it? that
析：由題意可知，第一空應(yīng)由關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，第二空應(yīng)由what引導(dǎo)表語從句。故本題選C。
練習(xí)： 從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
1.Don’t call between 12 o’clock and 1 o’clock, ＿＿＿＿＿I am usually having lunch．
A． at which B． during which time C．by which time D．by which
2. The song is so popular ＿＿＿＿＿ there is no one in our class ＿＿＿＿＿likes it．
A． that who B． that but C． which who D． which but
3.It is such a good place ＿＿＿＿＿ everybody wants to visit ＿＿＿＿ it is well-known all over the world．
A． which，? that B． as，? as C． as，? that D． that，? as
4． We are living in an age ＿＿＿＿many things are done on computer．(北京2003春) A．which B．that C．whose D．when
(keys:BBCD)
非 限 制 性 定 語 從 句
非限制性定語從句和主句之間常用逗號隔開，它與主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，只對先行詞作補充或附加說明，如省略，也不影響主句意思的表達。如：Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses．上述例子作如下改動，句子意思仍然完整： Water has many uses．
一、關(guān)于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞，須注意以下三點：
1.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞在指物時，只能用which，而不能用that；關(guān)系代詞which既可指代先行詞，也可指代前面整個句子的內(nèi)容。
如：He lives in Weifang, which is only an hour’s ride from here．
(關(guān)系代詞 which 在定語從句中作主語，指代主句中的 Weifang。)
I have lost my pen, which I like very much．
(關(guān)系代詞which在定語從句中作賓語，指代主句中的pen。)
New Concept English is intended for foreign students, which is known to all of us．
(關(guān)系代詞which 在定語從句中作主語，指代整個主句的內(nèi)容。)
2.關(guān)系代詞 which 和as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時的區(qū)別：as 有“正如……” 、“就像……” 的意思， 而which沒有；as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，可以放在主句之前或之后；而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。
如：As is known to all, he is the best student in our class．
(as 指代整個主句，在定語從句中作主語。)
He opposed the idea, as could be expected． (as指代整個主句，在定語從句中作主語。)
常用的這種句式有：as we all know, as is known to all, as is said above, as is already mentioned above, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等。
3.在非限制性定語從句中，修飾人并在從句中作主語時用關(guān)系代詞who, 作賓語時用關(guān)系代詞whom。
如：Our guide, who was a French Canadian, was an excellent cook．
She is like Miss Carter, whom I used to meet in Boston．
二、在下列情況下必須使用非限制性定語從句
1.當(dāng)先行詞為專有名詞或球類、疾病、學(xué)科等獨一無二的事物時。
如： He caught SARS, which threatened people a lot．
They will fly to Paris, where they plan to stay two or three days．
Football, which is now played in over 100 countries, is the most popular game in the world．
2.當(dāng)主句內(nèi)容完整，先行詞意義明確時。
如：His house, which was finished only a month ago, was burnt down to the ground last night．
We will put off the outing until next week, when we won’t be so busy．
3.當(dāng)定語從句修飾整個主句時。
如：They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them．
They moved the fallen tree, which took them a long time．
4.當(dāng)定語從句修飾主句中的一部分時。
如：She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was．
5.當(dāng)定語從句由“代詞／數(shù)詞／名詞／形容詞比較級、最高級等＋of ＋which／whom”引導(dǎo)時。
如：China has hundreds of islands off its southeast coast, the largest of which is Taiwan．
Chaplin directed a large number of films, most of which were silent．
三、非限制性定語從句與限制性定語從句的區(qū)別
限制性定語從句，顧名思義，是對先行詞從本質(zhì)或特征上進行限制的一種定語從句，它所修飾的詞代表一個（些）或一類特定的人或事、物。例如：A man who doesn’t want to learn from others can’t achieve much．
一個不向別人學(xué)習(xí)的人是不能指望有多大成就的。
A man被限定后，指一類特定的人。
限制性定語從句是不能去掉的，否則剩下的部分就失去意義而不能成立。非限制性定語從句則不然，它只對所修飾的詞作進一步的說明，去掉之后并不影響整個句子的含義。在形式上，非限制性定語從句與主句之
間通常必須有逗號隔開。
例如：Finally we visited the Giant Yangtze Gorges Dam， which is the greatest key water control project in the world at present．
最后我們參觀了長江三峽大壩，它是目前世界上最大的水利樞紐工程。
本句若去掉定語從句，主句部分的含義仍然完整。歷年的高考題中，非限制性定語從句是出現(xiàn)頻率最高的考點之一，因此值得我們注意。
四、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的which可以指代前面的先行詞，也可以指代前面整個句子。
例如：That Peter will marry Alice， which has not been announced yet， has spread around．
彼特要娶愛麗斯這件事還沒宣布，卻已被傳得沸沸揚揚。
句子中的which指代“彼特要娶愛麗斯”這件事。
五、除which外，還可用when， where， who，whom等關(guān)系副詞或關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。
例如：After graduation， I decided to stay in Chongqing， where I spent my childhood and four years of college life．
畢業(yè)后，我決定留在重慶，在那里我度過了我的童年和四年大學(xué)生活。
Albert Einstein left Germany for the United States during World War II， when Jews were badly treated in Germany．
第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，愛因斯坦離開德國去了美國，那時猶太人在德國受到極大的歧視。
注意：that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。
六、在限制性定語從句中，如果先行詞作賓語時，引導(dǎo)詞可以省略；但引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞不能省，同時關(guān)系代詞whom不能用who替換。
試比較：The American journalist (whom ／ who) the announcer mentioned in the news broadcast is said to have been killed by the gangsters．
播音員在新聞廣播中提到的那位美國記者據(jù)說已經(jīng)被匪徒殺害了。
He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother， whom he loved and respected as his own mother．
他急于想去醫(yī)院看望他的繼母，他像對親生母親一樣愛戴和尊敬她。
鞏固練習(xí)（多數(shù)為歷年高考題）：從A、B、C、D中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
1．She heard the terrible noise， ＿＿＿＿＿ brought her heart into her mouth．
A． it B． which C． this D． that
2.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play， ＿＿＿＿， of course， made the others unhappy．
A． who B． which C． this D． what
3. The weather turned out to be very good，＿＿＿＿ was more than we could expect．
A． what B． which C． that D． it
4.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase，＿＿＿＿ was very reasonable．
A．which price B． the price of which
B．its price D． the price of whose
5.The youngest nurse has worked for 30 days in the SARS hospital，＿＿＿ she spent her19th birthday．
A． that B． which C． where D． and (keys: bbbbc)
（教師用） 高一英語講學(xué)案
M1U1 Project Periods 8-9
Teaching objectives:
The project in this unit is designed to help students use English through doing a project. The two reading materials about school clubs here are samples for students to learn how to develop after-school activities and form a school club. Students are encouraged to design a poster advertising a new school club.
本課時要求掌握的詞匯主要有：run allow select require group
短語:
much more than so…that inform…of read out be required to be allowed to
make preparations for give to such as
Teaching procedures:
Step 1 Brainstorming
1. T: In the last period, you finish your task of writing a notice about attending five talks. I am sure you will have a wonderful time next month!
Often students with the same interest will form a club, for example, English corner. What club would you have if you could start a school club with your classmates?
S1: I want to start a kongfu club.
T: Wonderful! Any reasons?
S1: I love Chinese Gongfu.
T: What about you?
S2: I would like to start a football club.
T: Helen, share your ideas with us, please?
S3: I want to start a singing/ calligraphy club.
……
T: Very good! What do we need if we want to set up a club?
S4: …
T: How many members do you expect in your club?
S5: …
T: How will you attract so many members?
Read the two articles written by two students before you read the outline. They will give you some ideas of what school club are like.
Step 2. Reading
Passage A
Have students read the first passage, which is about a school radio club run by students themselves. Ask them to find out as much information as they can about the radio club.
1) Who started the radio club: (Kate Jones, the writer)
2) When the radio club started: (two years ago)
3) Why the radio club started: (CD players were not allowed in school; to play music during break time)
4) What the radio club does:
every morning: (tell about the weather, the recent news, special messages the teachers want to broadcast)
during exam time: (the special programme telling students what they should and shouldn't do)
at the end of the school year: (graduating students giving messages to their friends and teachers)
when parents come: (playing songs sung by students, special messages to inform people about events)
Passage B
Have students read the second passage, which is about a school club. Ask them to find out as much information as they can about the school club.
1)The name of the school club: (Poets of the Next Generation)
2)Who started the school club: (Mr. Owen, the English teacher)
3)When the members of the school club meet: (the last Friday of every month)
4)What the members of the school club do: (talk about poems and poets they like, select poems, read out aloud, write poems and read out)
Step 3 Language points (附后)
Step 4 Practice
Ask students what they think about the two articles. Students can do Part B 1 on page 87 in Workbook, so they will know how to use the useful phrases in the two passages.
Then let them read Part B2 on the same page to identify the different usages of talk, tell, speak, say and read.
To review the words and sentence patterns in this unit, students can do Parts D1 and D2 on page 89 in Workbook as their homework.
Answer
Part B1 (page 87)
1 reads out 3 such as 5 is allowed to 7 gives to
2 inform of 4 are required to 6 making preparations for 8 much more than
Part B2 (page 87)
1 talk 3 tell 5 said 7 say talked talked 9 read
2 read spoke 4 speak 6 speak 8 told
Part D1 (page 89)
I exciting 3 achieving 5 selected 7 attend
2 prepare 4 clubs 6 Literature 8 experience
Part D2 (page 89)
1 I think the best way to protect the environment is to plant more trees.
2 Going to the park for a picnic on the weekend sounds like a good idea.
3 In summer holidays he spent most of his time surfing the Internet.
4 The girl who used to be a model is now a famous actress.
5 Talk to her more, and you will find that she isn't as bad as you thought she was.
6 As it was getting dark, I decided to find a place to stay.
7 'Stop shouting! You are giving me a headache,' said mother angrily.
8 Though it is difficult to improve your handwriting in such a short time, you should still keep practising.
Step 3. Language points
1．We have a radio station in our school. It is great because it is run by the students for
the school. ( 18 )
我們學(xué)校有一家廣播電臺。因為有學(xué)生為學(xué)校管理，所以它很了不起。
▲run vt.
(1)管理，經(jīng)營
(2)開動(機器等)；駕駛
(3)使……跑
(4)在……上跑來跑去， 跑過
①Who is running this restaurant? 誰經(jīng)營這家餐館?
②Some students will run a factory. 有些學(xué)生要辦一家工廠。
③I cannot run a forklift. 我不會開叉車。
④They ran the horses around the track. 他們策馬繞著跑道跑。
⑤We ran the course. 我們沿那條道跑。
［知識拓展］
run a fever發(fā)燒 run a tax駕駛出租車
run a school辦學(xué)校 run the streets(小孩子)在街上玩耍；流浪街頭
run a race參加賽跑 run a bath把浴缸放滿水
2．It started two years ago as CD players were not allowed in school. ( 18 )
它始于兩年前，因為那時學(xué)校里不讓帶CD機。
▲allow vt.. 允許
(1)allow+n．
(2)allow+doing
(3)allow sb. to do
［知識拓展］
注意：allow后不接to do作賓語。
①Are dogs allowed into the shop? 允許狗進店嗎?
②They don’t allow smoking here. 他們不允許在這兒抽煙。
［即學(xué)即用］
翻譯：


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