系動詞的功能

把表語(名詞、形容詞、某些副詞、非謂詞、介詞短語、從句)和它的主語聯(lián)系在一起，說明主語的屬性、特征或狀態(tài)。它有自己的但不完全的詞義，不能在句中獨(dú)立作謂語，須和后面的表語一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語。

系動詞分類：

一、根據(jù)系動詞后所跟結(jié)構(gòu)，我們可以把英語系動詞分為兩大類：完全系動詞(其后只能跟表語的動詞，如be, seem)和半系動詞(其后既可跟表語作系動詞用法，也可跟賓語或狀語作實義動詞用，如look) 例如：1) He looked sadly at the boy.(“看著”，實義動詞用法) He looks a clever boy .(“看起來”，系動詞用法) 2) He looks at a clever boy.(“看著”，實義動詞用法)

在英語中，某一動詞是多義詞，既有實義動詞用法，又有系動詞用法。此類常見易混詞有： change listen look touch ① turn ② hear ③ see ④ become sound seem feel eat continue last remain ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ continue ⑧ stay taste keep remain leave

二、根據(jù)系動詞的意義，我們把英語系動詞分為四類：A.五大感官系動詞 B.狀態(tài)系動詞C.動態(tài)系動詞 D.雙謂語系動詞A.五大感官系動詞，描述一種感官性質(zhì)。由實義感官動詞變化而來，都是半系動詞。1.look“看起來像是”，后接adj.、n.、分詞、介詞短語、不定式等。 The girl bit her lips and looked thoughtful.這位女孩咬著嘴唇，看上去若有所思。2.smell“聞起來”，后接adj.分詞。 The flowers smell sweet. 這些花氣味真香。3.sound“聽起來”，后接adj.\分詞。 The music sounds sweet.這首詩聽起來真悅耳。4.taste“嘗起來”，后接adj.\分詞。The apples taste very good. 這些蘋果很好吃。5.Feel ①“摸起來，給……感覺”;②“覺得”，后接adj./p.p. You will feel better after a night’s sleep. 睡上一晚，你會覺得好些。B.狀態(tài)系動詞：1.be，“是”，屬完全系動詞。 I am a student. 我是一個學(xué)生。2.seem,“似乎，好像”，完全系動詞。 They seem quite happy. 他們似乎很快樂。3.appear,“顯得，看起來好像”，半系動詞。 It appeared(to be)a true story.看來這是一個真實的故事。4.keep, “保持……的狀態(tài)”，半系動詞，后接adj或介詞短語。 You’d better go to bed and keep warm. 你最好躺在床上去暖和一下。5.remain,“仍是”，半系動詞。 I remained silent. 我仍然緘默。6.stay“保持(某種狀態(tài))”，半系動詞，后接adj.、過去分詞。 The window stayed open all the night.7.prove “證明是”，半系動詞，后接adj.. The treatment proved to be successful. 這種療法證明是成功的。C.動態(tài)系動詞：都屬于半系動詞，描述狀態(tài)變化過程。1.get“變成，變得……起來”，后可接形容詞、分詞、介詞短語。 The days are getting longer and longer. 白天變得越來越長了。 2.fall“進(jìn)入(某種狀態(tài))，成為”，后常接以下形容詞：asleep, lame, silent, ill, sick, flat. The old men, unable to express himself, fell silent. 那位老人說不清自己的意思，就不做聲了。 My father fell ill and died. 我的父親生病死了。3.grow“漸漸變得……起來，長得” It’s growing warm. 天氣漸漸暖和起來了。4.turn“轉(zhuǎn)變成(新的與原來完全不同的色彩或性質(zhì))，變質(zhì)(色)”。 Maple trees turn red in autumn. 楓葉在秋天變紅了。 5.go，“變成(某種壞的狀態(tài))” The telephone has gone dead. 電話不通了。 The material has gone a funny colour. 這料子的顏色變得奇怪了。 go之后常接的adj. 還有：bad, blind, wild, wrong, sour, hard, hungry, mad, red, with, anger, white, pale, blue, grey, naked. 6.become“變成，成為(好壞均可的情況)”I became interested in drawing. 我開始對素描感興趣了。 He became angry with me. 他對我生氣了。

7.come，“變成為(已知的狀態(tài))，證實為”，后常接形容詞或前綴un-的過去分詞作表語，表示狀態(tài)或情況的變化。His wish to become a pilot has come true. 他想當(dāng)飛行員的愿望實現(xiàn)了。

后面常接的形容詞還有：apart, dear(昂貴)，natural, open, short, right(好了)，unstuck(沒有粘住)，untied(松開)。 8.run,“變成”，后接adj. The price ran high. 價格上升了。9.make，“達(dá)到某種狀態(tài)[后接形容詞]，如sure, certain, merry, bold, free We must make certain of facts.我們一定要弄清事實。

D.雙謂語系動詞 此類系動詞既有系動詞的功能，后接表語，又保留原實義動詞本身的含義。

例如：The run rose red.太陽升起紅艷艷。She stopped and stood quite still.她停下來然后一絲不動地站著。The snow lay thick on the ground. 雪厚厚地堆積在地上。He married young. 他結(jié)婚很早。Lei Feng died young.雷鋒早逝。He continued silent.他繼續(xù)沉默不語。IV.系動詞與高考及其練習(xí)

1.系動詞出現(xiàn)于單項選擇題中 ①The story sounds_________________(MET 89) A. to be true B. as true C. being true D. true②Those oranges taste__________(MET 91) A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well③---Are you feeling___________? ---Yes, I’m fine now/(NMET92) A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better④----Can I join the club, Dad. ----You can when you _________a bit older.(NMET 94) A. get B. will get C. get D. will have got ⑤---Do you like the material? ----Yes, it _______very soft.(NMET 94) A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt⑥I love to go to the seaside on Summer. It_____ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.(NMET 96) A. does B. feels C. gets D. makes⑦Cleaning women in big cities usually get _______by the hour.(NMET 98) A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay⑧Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will _____ for several days.(NMET2003) A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed(以上七題答案分別如下：1.D, 2.A, 3.B, 4.A, 5.C, 6.B, 7.C, 8.B) 2.系動詞與短文改錯 They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions.(were)

I’d like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.(be) 3.系動詞鞏固練習(xí) ①What you have said_______. A.is sounded interesting B sounds interestingC.sound interested D.listens interested ②The class begins. Please keep________. A.silent B.silence C.the silence D.silently ③Look! Several people in the crowd seemed_______. A.to be fighting B.to have fought C.being fought D.having fought ④How _____the song she sings sounds! I have never ______a better voice. A.beautifully, sounded B.beautiful, sounded C.sweet, listened to D.sweet, heard ⑤Her feeling about the marriage ______rather strange. A.is looked B.is seemed C.seems D.is appeared ⑥The new shirt______ right. A.doesn’t feel B.isn’t felt C.isn’t feeling D.doesn’t touch ⑦How happy it_______ for me to be home again after twenty years abroad! A.gives B.feels C.is felt D.is given ⑧John _____driver since two months ago. A.became a B.has become a C.has turned D.has been a ⑨He _____he felt very _______over the death of the boy. A.seemed that, sad B.seemed as if, sadly C.looked as though, sad D.looked that, sadness ⑩The ice_____ thick on the river. A.is lain B.lay C.laid D.lie(其答案分別是：1——5：BAADC，6——10：ABDCB)

一、表語從句的定義：表語從句放在連系動詞之后，充當(dāng)復(fù)合句中的表語。

二、表語從句的構(gòu)成：關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡單句

三、引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞的種類： 1. 可接表語從句的連系動詞有be, look, seem, sound, appear等。China is no longer what she used to be. 今日的中國不再是過去的中國了。 The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 問題還是他們能否幫我們。 2. 從屬連詞whether, as, as if / though引導(dǎo)的表語從句He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起來還與十年前一樣。 It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 聽起來好像有人在敲門。

3. because, why引導(dǎo)的表語從句That's because he didn't understand me. 那是因為他沒有理解我�！�(That's because...強(qiáng)調(diào)原因) That's why he got angry with me. 那正是他對我生氣的原因�！�(That's why...強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果) what引導(dǎo)的主語從句表示結(jié)果或名詞reason作主語時，后面的表語從句表示原因時要用that引導(dǎo)，不宜用because。 The reason why I was sad was that he didn't understand me. 我難過的原因是他沒有理解我。4. 連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 連接副詞 where, when, how, why。如： The problem is who we can get to replace her. 問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。 The question is how he did it. 問題是他是如何做此事的。 5. 從屬連詞that。如：The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。6. 使用虛擬語氣的表語從句在表示建議、勸告、命令含義的名詞后的表語從句，謂語動詞需用"should+動詞原形" 表示，should可省略。常見的詞有：advice，suggestion, order, proposal, plan, idea等。 My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建議是我們明天一早就出發(fā)。

四、應(yīng)注意的問題：1. 連系動詞be，appear，seem，look等之后可以跟表語從句。It was because he didn't pass the exam. 那是因為他沒有通過考試。It seems(that)he was late for the train. 看來他沒搭上火車。It appears that she was wrong. 看來她錯了。It seems to me that we should answer for this. 在我看來，我們似乎應(yīng)該對此事負(fù)責(zé)。It appears to her that he wants to teach us all he has. 在她看來，他似乎要把他所會的都教給我們。2. 引導(dǎo)表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有以下幾類。1)wh-疑問詞My question is who left. 我想問的是誰離開了。 That's what he wants. 那是他想要的。What I wonder is when he left. 我想知道他是何時離開的。This is where they once lived. 這就是他們曾經(jīng)住過的地方。That is why he didn't come here. 這就是他為何沒到這兒來的原因。2)whether My question is whether he left(or not). 我的問題是他是否離開了。 注：if不能引導(dǎo)表語從句。3)that The fact is that he left. 事實是他離開了。The truth is(that)I didn't go there. 事實是我沒去那兒。 注：引導(dǎo)表語從句的連詞that間或可以省略。4)because，as，as if，as though It's just because he doesn't know her. 這是僅僅因為他不認(rèn)識她。Things are not always as they seem to be. 事物并不總是如其表象。

He looks as if he's tired. 他好像累了

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