高中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn):一般疑問句

編輯: 逍遙路 關(guān)鍵詞: 高中英語(yǔ) 來源: 高中學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)


一般疑問句的概念:


就全句提出問題,希望對(duì)方給予肯定或否定答復(fù)的問句,叫做一般疑問句;卮饡r(shí)要用Yes或No來開頭,句末用問號(hào),朗讀時(shí)用升調(diào)。其結(jié)構(gòu)是:系動(dòng)詞be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+其他成分?   



一般疑問句用法要點(diǎn):    


一、一般疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu):   
1、如果謂語(yǔ)中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或be,將這些詞移到主語(yǔ)之前。
如:Can you dance? 你會(huì)跳舞嗎?   
Will he go there tomorrow? 他明天去那里?   
Are you a student? 你是學(xué)生嗎?   
2、如果謂語(yǔ)中沒有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或be,就在主語(yǔ)前加助動(dòng)詞do(does、did),原來的動(dòng)詞都用原形。
如:Do you like English? 你喜歡英語(yǔ)嗎?   
Does your brother like English? 你的兄弟喜歡英語(yǔ)嗎?   
Did you sleep well last night? 你昨晚睡得好嗎?   
注:have做助動(dòng)詞時(shí),將其移至主語(yǔ)前;作“有”解時(shí)也可以將其移至主語(yǔ)前;不是作“有”解的為行為動(dòng)詞時(shí),其疑問式和其他行為動(dòng)詞一樣要在主語(yǔ)前加do(does、did)。
如:Has he gone to England? 他到英國(guó)去了?   
Have you(=Do you have)a car? 你有汽車嗎?   
Do you have lunch at school? 你是在學(xué)校吃中飯的嗎?   

二、一般疑問句的簡(jiǎn)略回答:   
如:—Can you swim? 你會(huì)游泳嗎?   
—Yes, I can.(No, I can't)會(huì)。(不會(huì))   
—Have you finished your work? 你工作做完了嗎?   
—Yes, I have.(No, I haven't.)做完了。(還沒有。)   
—Is this your pen? 這是你的鋼筆嗎??   
—Yes, it is. (No, it isn't)是的。(不是。)   

三、一般疑問句的否定形式:   
當(dāng)說話人或是期待肯定的回答或是不期待對(duì)方的回答時(shí)用否定式。其結(jié)構(gòu),在口語(yǔ)里,總是把not與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或be縮略成一個(gè)詞;有時(shí)也將not放在主語(yǔ)后。
如:Can't you see the kite? 難道你看不到那個(gè)風(fēng)箏?   
Don't you like playing football? 難道你不喜歡踢足球?   
Aren't you(=Are you not)aYoung Pioneer?難道你不是少先隊(duì)員?   

四、注意否定疑問句的回答:   
英語(yǔ)的yes和no是對(duì)答語(yǔ)的肯定或否定,而不是對(duì)問句的肯定或否定,所以只要答語(yǔ)是肯定的,就用“Yes+肯定結(jié)構(gòu)”,答語(yǔ)是否定的,就用“No+否定結(jié)構(gòu)”。這與漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣不同。
如:—Won't he go to the hospital? 難道他不去醫(yī)院了?   
—Yes, he will. (No, he won't.)不,他去。(是的,他不去。)   
—Can't you speak English? 你難道不會(huì)講英語(yǔ)嗎?   
—Yes, I can. (No, I can't.)不,我會(huì)。(是的,我不會(huì))   

五、陳述句語(yǔ)序的一般問句:   
這種疑問句指望對(duì)方作出肯定的答復(fù),其疑問意思由句末的升調(diào)來表達(dá)。
如:You want to see him? 你想見他?   
I think they have asked for better pay again? 我想他們又要求加工資了吧?



不用yes或者no回答的一般疑問句:


用yes或no回答的疑問句叫做一般疑問句。但一般疑問句并不一定都用yes或no來回答,請(qǐng)看下面幾種情況。
一、對(duì)別人的問話表示同意時(shí),用yes回答固然可以,但如果更直截了當(dāng)?shù)鼗卮饡r(shí),可以不用yes。
1:Jim:Do you want a go?
Ling:OK, thanks.
2:Teacher:Could you take it to the classroom?
Liu Ming:Certainly.
3:Meimei:May I come then?
Ann:Sure!Work must come first!
:ctrtainly多用于英國(guó)英語(yǔ),而sure多用于美國(guó)英語(yǔ)。
如:Ann:May I go with you?
WeiHua:Why not?His home isn't far from here. Let's go.

二、對(duì)于別人提問的情況似乎知道,但回答時(shí)又沒有多大把握時(shí),可以用提問的方式、商量的口氣或其他方式回答對(duì)方。
1、Meimei:Where's Wuhan?Do you know?
Lily:Er, is it in Hebei?
2、A:Is it in the box?
B:Let me have a look. Oh, here it is.
3、WeiHua:Is it ready now?
UncleWant:Come and look.

三、有些問題的答語(yǔ)不宜模棱兩可,需要準(zhǔn)確具體,否則,可能會(huì)引起別人的誤解。
如:Wang:Can you speak Chinese?
Jim:Only a little.
:若用yes回答,別人會(huì)認(rèn)為你的漢語(yǔ)不錯(cuò)。

四、為了使回答顯得委婉、客氣、往往不采用yes來十分肯定自己的看法,也不用no來斷然否定別人的意見,說話往往留有余地而禮貌謙恭。
1、A:Can you mend it?
B:I think so. Let me see.
2、A:Do you have a big piece, please?
B:Sorry, I don't.
3、Kate:Isthekitebroken?
Jim:I don't think so.

五、樂意或拒絕接受對(duì)方的邀請(qǐng)或要求時(shí),不用yes或no,當(dāng)拒絕或有不同的看法時(shí),要婉言謝絕或提出自己的看法。
1、Ann:Would you like to come to supper?
Meimei:Oh, thank you!I would love to!But I must ask my parents first.
2、Jim:Shall we go to the park?
LinTao:Good idea!When shall we meet?
3、LiLei:Could I speak to Jim, please?
Kate:I'm afraid he's out at the moment.
4、LiLei:Oh!Is that a ball?Aren't all balls round?
Sam:Not in the USA.
5、A:Shall we meet at half past two?
B:All right.

六、在回答有些問題時(shí),若回答者不愿或不便表明自己的態(tài)度,也往往不用yes或no作正面的回答。
1、A:Do you like doing housework?
B:I don't know.
2、A:Where're Lucy's pencils?Are they on her desk?
B:I can't see.




相關(guān)高中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn):特殊疑問句

特殊疑問句的概念:


就句中某一部分進(jìn)行提問的疑問句叫做特殊疑問句。特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“疑問詞+一般疑問句”,其回答應(yīng)當(dāng)是具體的。特殊疑問句句末一般用降調(diào)。
例如:How do I get there?
Why not?
What about the sports news?



特殊疑問句的使用:


1、特殊疑問句的概念: 所謂特殊疑問句就是指以疑問詞開頭的疑問句。
如:What are you laughing at? 你們笑什么? 句中的what就是疑問詞,它的意思是“什么”。
英語(yǔ)中的疑問詞不多,常見的有what, who, whose, when, where, why, how等;
以how開頭的how many, how much, how old等,以及以what開頭的what colour, what year, what class等,也都可視為疑問句。
如:How many do you need? 你們需要多少?
What colour are your curtains? 你的窗簾是什么顏色的?
2、特殊疑問句的兩種句型:
特殊疑問句有兩種句型結(jié)構(gòu),一種是“疑問詞+一般疑問句”。
如:When did you see him? 你什么時(shí)候見到他的?
Why are you late again? 你怎么又遲到了。
第一句中的when為疑問詞,其后的did you see him為一般疑問句形式;
第二句中的why為疑問詞,are you late again是一個(gè)一般疑問句。
另一種是“疑問詞+陳述句語(yǔ)序”,此時(shí)的疑問詞在句中用作主語(yǔ),或是修飾主語(yǔ)。
如:Who can answer this question? 誰(shuí)能回答這個(gè)問題?
Which book is more cheap? 哪本書更便宜些?
第一句中的who為疑問詞,在句中用作主語(yǔ),整個(gè)句子為陳述句詞序;
第二句中的which為疑問詞,在句中修飾主語(yǔ)book,整個(gè)句子也是陳述句詞序。
3、特殊疑問句的回答:
特殊疑問句與一般疑問句不同,它不能直接用Yes或No來回答,而應(yīng)根據(jù)具體情況作出相應(yīng)的回答。
如:—Who sings best? 誰(shuí)唱得最好?
—(誤)Yes, he does.
—(正)Tom does. 湯姆唱得最好。
4、特殊疑問句的省略形式:
特殊疑問句有時(shí)可用省略形式,尤其是省略與前面相同的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。
如:—He won't come. 他不來了。
—Why? 為什么?
—There's someone coming. 有人要來。
—Who? 誰(shuí)?
有些省略形式已成為約定成俗的固定表達(dá),請(qǐng)大家要引起注意噢!
如:Why not use both? 為什么不兩者都用?
What about having a rest? 休息一會(huì)兒怎么樣?
Why not…后接動(dòng)詞原形,表示建議,意為“為什么不……呢”;
What about…后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞,也表示建議,意為“……怎么樣”。



使用特殊疑問句特別提示:


1、疑問詞的選用:
特殊疑問句是以what, who, when, where, how等開頭的疑問句。這些表示疑問的詞叫做疑問詞。當(dāng)然提問的內(nèi)容的不同,我們使用的疑問詞也不同。問物或做什么事用what,問電話號(hào)碼也用what;問人的用who;問誰(shuí)的用whose;問哪里用where;問何時(shí)用when;問年齡用how old;問身高用how tall;問顏色用what colour等。
例如:—What colour is your sweater? 你的毛衣是什么顏色的?
—It's blue.藍(lán)色。
—Whereisyourfather? 你的爸爸在哪?
—He's in the kitchen.他在廚房。
2、語(yǔ)序:
想知道對(duì)方是誰(shuí),漢語(yǔ)中可問“你是誰(shuí)?”譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí)語(yǔ)序變了,成了“Who are you?”而不能是“You are who?”所以,在英語(yǔ)中,我們特殊疑問句一般用倒裝的語(yǔ)序,即用“特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句的語(yǔ)序”構(gòu)成。
小貼士:如果疑問詞在句中作主語(yǔ),則其后直接跟動(dòng)詞,語(yǔ)序不變。
例如:Who is going to the park tomorrow? 明天誰(shuí)要去公園?
3、回答:
回答一般疑問句用yes和no來回答。但回答我們特殊疑問句時(shí)不可以用yes或no來回答,而應(yīng)根據(jù)所提問的內(nèi)容直接做出回答。
例如:—How tall are you? 你多高?
—I'm 1.7 meters tall.我1.7米高。
—How is your brother? 你弟弟好嗎?
—He's fine. 他很好。
—Thanks謝謝。
小貼士:?jiǎn)柧渲械拿~在答語(yǔ)中常用代詞來代替,如上句中的yourbrother由he來代替。一般來說,this和that指物常用it來代替;these和those指物或人時(shí)可以用they代替。
如:What's this? It's a book.
What are these? They are books.
4、語(yǔ)調(diào):
一般疑問句在朗讀時(shí)應(yīng)用升調(diào),選擇疑問句先升后降,而我們特殊疑問句在朗讀時(shí)則用降調(diào)。




相關(guān)高中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn):反意疑問句

反意疑問句的概念:


表示提問人的看法,沒有把握,需要對(duì)方證實(shí)。
反意疑問句由兩部分組成:前一部分是一個(gè)陳述句,后一部分是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的疑問句,兩部分的人稱時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致。
1、陳述部分肯定式+疑問部分否定式,可記為前肯后否。
2、陳述部分否定式+疑問部分肯定式,可記為前否后肯。
例如:This pencil is red, isn't it? Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.
This pencil isn't red, is it? Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.



反意疑問句類型:


1)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是I,疑問部分要用aren't I.
如:I'm as tall as your sister, aren't I?
2)陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)是wish,疑問部分要用may+主語(yǔ)。
如:I wish to have a word with you, may I?
3)陳述部分用no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞時(shí),疑問部分用肯定含義。
如:The Swede made no answer, did he/she?
Some plants never blown(開花), do they?
4)含有oughtto的反意疑問句,陳述部分是肯定的,疑問部分用shouldn't/oughtn't+主語(yǔ)。
如:He ought to know what to do,oughtn't he?/shouldn't he?
5)陳述部分有have to+v.(had to+v.),疑問部分常用don't+主語(yǔ)(didn't+主語(yǔ))。
如:We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
6)陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)是usedto時(shí),疑問部分用didn't+主語(yǔ)或usedn't+主語(yǔ)。
如:He used to take pictures there, didn't he?/usedn't he?
7)陳述部分有had better+v. 疑問句部分用hadn't you?
如:You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
8)陳述部分有would rather+v.,疑問部分多用wouldn't+主語(yǔ)。
如:He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
9)陳述部分有You'd like to+v.疑問部分用wouldn't+主語(yǔ)。
如:You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
10)陳述部分有must的疑問句,疑問部分根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。
如:He must be a doctor, isn't he?
You must have studied English for three years, haven't you?/didn't you?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?



反意疑問句用法總結(jié):








































































陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)疑問部分
I'aren’t I
wishmay + 主語(yǔ)
no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞肯定含義
ought to(肯定的)shouldn't/ oughtn't +主語(yǔ)
have to+v.(had to+v.)don't +主語(yǔ)(didn't +主語(yǔ))
used todidn't +主語(yǔ)或 usedn't +主語(yǔ)
had better + v.hadn't you
would rather + v.wouldn't +主語(yǔ)
you'd like to + v.wouldn't +主語(yǔ)
must 根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定
感嘆句中be +主語(yǔ)
neither…nor, either…or 連接的并列主語(yǔ)根據(jù)其實(shí)際邏輯意義而定
指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this主語(yǔ)用it
并列復(fù)合句謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語(yǔ)而定
定語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)而定
think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引導(dǎo)與賓語(yǔ)從句相對(duì)應(yīng)的從句
everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one復(fù)數(shù)they, 單數(shù)he

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare或need dare, need 為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞


need (dare ) +主語(yǔ)

do +主語(yǔ)

省去主語(yǔ)的祈使句 Let's 開頭的祈使句


will you?shall we?
will you?

there be相應(yīng)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+there(省略主語(yǔ)代詞)
否定前綴不能視為否定詞仍用否定形式
must表"推測(cè)"根據(jù)其推測(cè)的情況來確定反意疑問句


反意疑問句特殊用法點(diǎn)撥:


1、感嘆句中,疑問部分用be+主語(yǔ)。
如:What colours, aren't they?
What a smell, isn't it?
2、陳述部分由neither...nor, either...or 連接的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),疑問部分根據(jù)其實(shí)際邏輯意義而定。
如:Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
3、陳述部分主語(yǔ)是指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this,疑問部分主語(yǔ)用it。
如:Everything is ready, isn't it?
4、陳述部分為主語(yǔ)從句或并列復(fù)合句,疑問部分有三種情況:
a.并列復(fù)合句疑問部分,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語(yǔ)而定。
如:Mr. Smith had been to Bei jing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?
b.帶有定語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句,疑問部分謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)而定。
如:He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?
c.上述部分主句謂語(yǔ)是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,疑問部分與賓語(yǔ)從句相對(duì)應(yīng)構(gòu)成反意疑問句。
如:I don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?
5、陳述部分主語(yǔ)是不定代詞everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, noone等,疑問部分常用復(fù)數(shù)they,有時(shí)也用單數(shù)he。
如:Everyone knows the answer, don't they?(doeshe?)
Nobody knows about it, do they?(doeshe?)
6、帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare或need的反意疑問句,疑問部分常用need(dare)+主語(yǔ)。
如:We need not do it again, need we?
He dare not say so,dare you? 當(dāng)dare, need為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),疑問部分用助動(dòng)詞do+主語(yǔ)。
如:She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
7、省去主語(yǔ)的祈使句的反意疑問句,疑問部分用will you。
如:Don't do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you/won't you? 注意:Let's開頭的祈使句,后用shall we? Let us開頭的祈使句,后用will you?
如:Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you?
8、陳述部分是"therebe"結(jié)構(gòu)的,疑問部分用there省略主語(yǔ)代詞。
如:There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
There will not be any trouble, will there?
9、否定前綴不能視為否定詞,其反意疑問句仍用否定形式。
如:It is impossible, isn't it?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
10、must在表"推測(cè)"時(shí),根據(jù)其推測(cè)的情況來確定反意疑問句。
如:He must be there now, isn't he?
It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?



反意疑問句知識(shí)體系:






復(fù)合句的反意疑問句:


1、當(dāng)陳述部分是一個(gè)(帶that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的)主從復(fù)合句時(shí),附加疑問句的主謂要和主句的主謂保持對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。但是,當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是:I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine, I expect等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),附加疑問句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)要和從句的主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)保持一致關(guān)系。而且要注意到否定的轉(zhuǎn)移問題。
如:I think there is something wrong with the washer, isn't there?
We don't suppose he cares, does he?
2、當(dāng)陳述部分是I'm sure that;we are sure;I'm afraid that;We are sure that;I feel sure that等后面跟賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),反意疑問句與后面的賓語(yǔ)從句一致。
3、當(dāng)陳述部分是并列句時(shí),附加疑問句的主謂語(yǔ)要和離它最近的句子的主謂保持對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。
如:We must redouble our efforts, or we'll not be able to catch up with the others, willwe?



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