賓語(yǔ)從句的概念:
置于動(dòng)詞、介詞等詞性后面起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序必須是陳述語(yǔ)序。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞、動(dòng)詞不定式,v.-ing形式后面都能帶賓語(yǔ)從句。有些形容詞(afraid, sure, glad等)之后也可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句。
賓語(yǔ)從句的用法:
1、賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞:
賓語(yǔ)從句通常由連詞that和whether(if)、連接代詞或連接副詞以及關(guān)系代詞型what引導(dǎo):
如:We believe that he is honest. 我們相信他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。
I don't know whether he'll arrive in time. 我不知道他是否能及時(shí)到。
I don't know who(m) you mean. 我不知道你指誰(shuí)。
He asked why he had to go alone. 他問他為什么必須一個(gè)人去。
Please tell me which you like. 告訴我你喜歡哪一個(gè)。
She has got what she wanted. 她要的東西得到了。
注:有時(shí)介詞后可接跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句(但介詞后通常不接that和if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句):
如:From what you say, he is right. 根據(jù)你所說(shuō)的,他是對(duì)的。
有極個(gè)別介詞(如but,except)可接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句:
如:She remembered nothing about him except that his hair was black. 她對(duì)他什么都不記得,只記得他的頭發(fā)是黑的。
2、賓語(yǔ)從句與形式賓語(yǔ)it:
當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句后跟有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),通常在賓語(yǔ)從句處使用形式賓語(yǔ)it,而將真正的賓語(yǔ)從句移至句末:
如:I think it best that you should stay here. 我認(rèn)為你最好住這兒。
He hasn't made it known when he is going to get married. 他還沒宣布他何時(shí)結(jié)婚。
3、連詞that的省略問題:
引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞that通常可以省略:
如:She said(that) she would come to the meeting. 她說(shuō)過(guò)要來(lái)開會(huì)的。
I promise you(that) I will be there. 我答應(yīng)你我會(huì)去。
注:有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào),that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句可位于句首,此時(shí)that不可省略:
如:That she is a good girl I know. 她是一個(gè)好姑娘,我是知道的。
4、賓語(yǔ)從句與否定轉(zhuǎn)移當(dāng)動(dòng)詞think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine后接一個(gè)表示否定意義的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),其否定通常轉(zhuǎn)移到主語(yǔ):
如:I don't suppose that it is true. 我認(rèn)為那不是真的。
I don't imagine that he will come. 我想他不會(huì)
使用賓語(yǔ)從句特別注意:
一、賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序:
賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序是陳述句語(yǔ)序即:連接代詞/副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他成分。
如:I don't know what they are looking for.
Could you tell me when the train will leave?
Can you imagine what kind of man he is?
二、賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài):
主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用任何時(shí)態(tài)。
句:The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
主句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),從句須用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式。
句:She was sorry that she hadn't finished her work on time.
當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是一個(gè)客觀真理或者事實(shí)時(shí),即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí),從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
如:The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
三、賓語(yǔ)從句的特點(diǎn):
賓語(yǔ)從句可以作及物動(dòng)詞、介詞及形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序一律用陳述句語(yǔ)序。連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句在句中無(wú)詞義,不充當(dāng)句子成份,多數(shù)情況下可以省略。whether和if都可引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,但whether后可緊跟or not;whether從句可作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。如果從句太長(zhǎng),可以用形式賓語(yǔ)it.
本文來(lái)自:逍遙右腦記憶 http://www.yy-art.cn/gaozhong/304198.html
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