主旨題一般包括：基本論點(diǎn)、標(biāo)題、主題或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上能較好地運(yùn)用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維的方法，對(duì)文章進(jìn)行高度的概括或總結(jié)。
1．主旨題的設(shè)問特點(diǎn)
標(biāo)志：常以“mainly about； mainly discuss； best title”等詞提問。
2．正確選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)
正確選項(xiàng)概括歸納的范圍大小恰到好處，選項(xiàng)表達(dá)的尺度恰當(dāng)。
3．干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)
（1）以偏概全：答案只闡述了主旨的一部分，也就是局部信息，概括不夠。
[例] A study of English learning problems was carried out among a total of 106 foreign students．It shows that most students considered understanding spoken English to be their biggest problem on arrival．This was followed by speaking．Writing increased as a problem as students discovered difficulties in writing papers that they were now expected to hand in．Reading remained as a significant（顯著的）problem. The information gained helped us in determining where special attention should be paid in our course．Although many students have chosen to join the course with a reasonable motivation（動(dòng)機(jī)），we considered it important to note what seemed to encourage interest. Nearly all the students have experienced some kind of grammar-based English teaching in their own country. To use the same method would be self-defeating because it might reduce motivation，especially if it has failed in the past. Therefore a different method may help because it is different. Variety of activity was also seen as a way of maintaining（保持）or increasing motivation. Several years ago we had one timetable that operated throughout，but we soon found that both thestudents and the teachers lost interest by about halfway through the ten weeks. This led us to a major re-think，so finally we brought into line with the expressed language needs of the students.
65．What is the text mainly about？
A．Foreign students have more problems.
B．There are many ways to improve English.
C．Teaching should meet students’ needs．
D．English learning problems should be studied again．
A屬于表達(dá)意思完全不對(duì)，B、D都只是涉及了一個(gè)方面的問題，以偏概全，C才是作者要表達(dá)的意思。
（2）主題擴(kuò)大：歸納概括的范圍過大，超過了文章討論的東西。
（3）斷章取義，概括錯(cuò)誤：常以次要的事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)冒充全文主要觀點(diǎn)。
[例]
The Marches were a happy family. Poverty， hard work， and even the fact that Father March was away with the Union armies could not down the spirits of Meg， Jo， Amy， and Marmee， as the March girls called their mother. The March sisters tried to be good but had their share of faults. Pretty Meg was often displeased with the schoolchildren she taught； boyish Jo was easy to become angry； goldenhaired schoolgirl Amy liked to show up； but Beth， who kept the house， was loving and gentle always. The happy days passed and darkness came when a telegram arrived for Mrs. March. "Your husband is very ill，” it said， "come at once.” The girl tried to be brave when their mother left for the front. They waited and prayed. Little Beth got scarlet fever （熱） when she was taking care of the sick neighbor. She became very ill but began to recover by the time Marmee was back. When Father came home from the front and at that joyful Christmas dinner they were once more all together. Three years later the March girls had grown into young womanhood. Meg became Mrs. Brooke， and after a few family troubles got used to her new state happily. Jo had found pleasure in her literary efforts. Amy had grown into a young lady with a talent for design and an even greater one for society. But Beth had never fully regained her health，and her family watched her with love and anxiety. Amy was asked to go and stay in Europe with a relative of the Marches. Jo went to New York and became successful in her writing and had the satisfaction of seeing her work published there. But at home the bitterest blow was yet to fall. Beth had known for some time that she couldnt live much longer to be with the family and in the spring time she died. News came from Europe that Amy and Laurie， the grandson of a wealthy neighbor， had planned to be married soon. Now Jo became ever more successful in her writing and got married to Professor Bhaer and soon afterwards founded a school for boys. And so the little women had grown up and lived happily with their children， enjoying the harvest of love and goodness that they had devoted all their lives to.
58. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？
A. The march Family B. The March Parents
C. The March Girls D. The March Relatives
本文講述了March家中4個(gè)女兒的成長(zhǎng)歷程。這是一個(gè)有痛苦也有快樂的一家人，大女兒Meg成了一個(gè)教師，Jo對(duì)寫作感興趣，Amy對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)感興趣，Beth最終帶著全家人的祝福離開人世。其中的A項(xiàng)顯然將主題的范圍擴(kuò)大了，將一個(gè)家庭包括父母和女兒都涵蓋進(jìn)去了。而選項(xiàng)B則偏離了主題，要以部分代替整體。對(duì)于選項(xiàng)D，文中只提到一句. . . Amy was asked to go and stay in Europe with a relative of the Marches’ . . .，那么D項(xiàng)就是與主題沒有關(guān)系的錯(cuò)誤概括，顯然是不對(duì)的。
4. 解題思路
（1）尋找主題句，確定文章主題。
文章的主題句常常出現(xiàn)在首段，文中，文尾。因此同學(xué)們要多加注意，對(duì)于中心貫穿于全文的，需進(jìn)行總結(jié)
（2）注意首段和各段第一句話，將其含義連接成一個(gè)整體。
[例]While parents， particularly mothers， have always been attached to their infants （嬰兒）， societal conditions frequently made this attachment difficult to maintain （保持）. First of all， the high infant death rate in the premodern times meant that such attachments often ended in hopelessness. Perhaps to prevent the sadness that infant death caused， a number of societal practices developed which worked against infant death caused， a number of societal practices developed which worked against early attachment of motherand child. One of these premodern attachment-discouraging practices was to leave infants unnamed until they had survived into the second year. Another practice that discouraged maternal （母親的） attachment was tightly wrapping （包裹） infants. Wrapping effectively prevented the close physical interactions like stroking （撫摸） and kissing that are so much a part of modern mothers and fathers affection for their infants. A third practice which had the same distancing effect was wet nursing. Breast-feeding （母乳養(yǎng)育） was not popular among the well-to-do in the early modern times: Infants were often fed by wet nurses hired for the purpose. In some places， such as nineteenth-century France， city infants were sent to wet nurses in the country. Often a wet nurse would feed her own child first， leaving little milk for the city infant——who in many cases， died. In Rouen， the death rate for children sent to a wet nurse was 35 percent.
71. Which is the best title for the passage？
A. Societal Conditions in Premodern Times
B. Practices of Reducing Maternal Attachment
C. Poor Health service and High Infant Death Rate
D. Differences between Modern and Premodern Parents
第一段：. . . a number of societal practices developed which worked against early attachment of mother and child.
第二段：. . . One of these pre-modern attachment-discouraging practices was to. . .
第三段：A third practice which had the same distancing effect was wet-nursing. . .
通過這樣的串聯(lián)，我們就知道了第71題的答案：應(yīng)為 B. Practices of Reducing Maternal Attachment
（3）注意逆向思維法，即快速作文法。對(duì)幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)可以自己思考一下——如果是我寫這個(gè)題目，我會(huì)怎么寫？
[例] 同上文
73． Which is the best title for the passage？
A. Societal Conditions in Pemodern Times
B. Practices of Reducing Maternal Attachment
C. Poor Health Service and High Infant Death Rate
D. Differences between Modern and Premodern Parents
此題正確答案B:幾種減弱母親和孩子之間依戀關(guān)系的做法。但如果我們按照A、C、D項(xiàng)來寫文章，則要分別寫社會(huì)狀況、很差的衛(wèi)生服務(wù)和較高的嬰兒死亡率、還有現(xiàn)代與從前的父母的不同等方面，那就不會(huì)出現(xiàn)D篇這樣的文章。
特別提示 不管主題句出現(xiàn)在文章的什么位置，我們都要把這類題作為該篇文章的最后一道題去做，因?yàn)樽鐾昶渌}以后會(huì)對(duì)文章的主旨理解有幫助。
這類題主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)文章的字面意思 ，通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判斷題屬于主觀性較強(qiáng)的高層閱讀理解題。
本文來自：逍遙右腦記憶 http://www.yy-art.cn/gaozhong/317620.html
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