語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí):“剪的斷,理不亂”的關(guān)系代詞

編輯: 逍遙路 關(guān)鍵詞: 高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源: 高中學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)

which VS that

which和that都可指代物,有時(shí)候可以互換,有時(shí)卻是“水火不容”:

一、只用that不能用which的情況:

(1)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí):

The most important thing that we should do is to study hard.

我們要做的最重要的事情就是努力學(xué)習(xí)。

(2)被修飾的先行詞為all/ any/ much/ many/ everything/ anything/ none/the one等不定代詞時(shí):

Is there any thing that you want to buy?你有什么東西要買嗎?

(3)先行詞被the only/ the very/ the same/the last/ little/ few等詞修飾時(shí):

This is the same book that I lost.這就是我丟的那本書。

(3)先行詞里同時(shí)含有人和物時(shí):

I can remember the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見(jiàn)到的人和一些照片。

(4)避免重復(fù):

Which is the pen that belongs to you?哪支筆是你的?

(5)主句是there be結(jié)構(gòu):

There is a pen on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那支筆是湯姆的。

二、只用which,而不用that的情況:

(1)先行詞為that/ those時(shí):

What’s that which is under the desk?在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?

(2)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí):

This is the city in which he lives.這是他生活的城市。

(3)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句:

Tom passed the exam, which made us surprised.湯姆通過(guò)了考試,這使我們很驚訝。

that VS who

兩者均可指人,有時(shí)可互換:

All that /who heard the news were sad. 所有聽(tīng)到消息的人都很傷心。

He is the only one among us that/ who knows Spanish.他是我們中間唯一懂西班牙語(yǔ)的人。

一、只用that不能用who的情況:

(1)當(dāng)先行詞指人又指物時(shí):

I remember the persons and pictures that I saw in the museum. 我記得在博物館看到的那些人和圖片。

(2)避免重復(fù)::

Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982? 誰(shuí)贏得了1982年的世界杯?

(3)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)(可省略):

Jack is not the boy (that) he was ten years ago.杰克不再是十年前那個(gè)樣子了。

二、只用who不能用that的情況:

(1)先行詞為one、ones或anyone :

Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. 所有違法的人都該受到懲罰。

(2)先行詞為those且指人 :

Those who break the law will be punished. 違法的那些人都會(huì)受到懲罰。

(3)在there be開(kāi)頭的句子中:

There is a student who wants to see you.

(4)避免重復(fù):

Who is the boy that is writing?正在寫字的那個(gè)男孩是誰(shuí)?

(5)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中:

I have a good friend, who comes from the USA.


本文來(lái)自:逍遙右腦記憶 http://yy-art.cn/gaozhong/936518.html

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