高中英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法陷阱題800例-名詞

編輯: 逍遙路 關(guān)鍵詞: 高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源: 高中學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)

◆典型陷阱題分析◆

1. I found her sitting in the corner, reading _____ newspaper, with _____ in her eyes.

A. a, tearB. a piece of, tears

C. a, tearsD. a piece of, tear

【陷阱】誤選D,許多學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為,既然news(消息)和 paper(紙)均為不可數(shù)名詞,那么newspaper(報(bào)紙)也應(yīng)是不可數(shù)的;同時(shí)認(rèn)為“眼淚”即“淚水”,“水”不可數(shù),“淚水”和“眼淚”也應(yīng)該不可數(shù)。

【分析】最佳答案為C。newspaper和 tear均為可數(shù)名詞,它們不僅可以連用不定冠詞、可以用復(fù)數(shù),而且還可以連用數(shù)詞。

Her eyes filled with tears. 她熱淚盈眶。

She dried her tears with a handkerchief. 她用手帕擦干了眼淚。

The newspapers were full of lies. 報(bào)紙上一片謊言。

A newspaper is a publication. 報(bào)紙是一種出版物。

順便說(shuō)一句,若不是將 newspaper 當(dāng)作是供閱讀或傳遞信息的一種東西,而只是把它當(dāng)成一種“紙”來(lái)看待,也可用作不可數(shù)名詞,如:

Wrap it in (a sheet of) newspaper. 把它用張報(bào)紙包起來(lái)。

2. Her father works as a ______ in a hotel and her mother a ______ in a private company.

A. cooker, typewriterB. cook, typist

C. cooker, typistD. cook, typewriter

【陷阱】誤選A,許多同學(xué)想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為:cook 用作動(dòng)詞,表示“煮飯”,所以 cooker 應(yīng)是其相應(yīng)的名詞,表示“煮飯的人”,即“廚師”;type 用作動(dòng)詞,表示“打字”,所以 typewriter 應(yīng)表示“打字員”。

【分析】而事實(shí)是:cook=廚師,cooker=炊具;typist=打字員,typewriter=打字機(jī)。即此題正確答案為B。

3. “Why couldn’t they meet us at five o’clock?” “Because they were delayed by ________.”

A. heavy trafficB. heavy traffics

C. crowded trafficD. crowded traffics

【陷阱】B、C、D三項(xiàng)均容易誤選。

【分析】對(duì)于此題,首先要明確traffic為不可數(shù)名詞,沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式,故排除B和D。另外,漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣說(shuō)“交通擁擠”,而英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣上卻不能用crowded 來(lái)修飾 traffic,要表示漢語(yǔ)的“交通擁擠”,英語(yǔ)通常說(shuō)heavy traffic,即選A。如下面一題也是選A:

She is not a competent driver and can’t cope with driving in _______.

A. heavy trafficB. heavy traffics

C. crowded trafficD. crowded traffics

4. In fact, _______ one cause that leads to the problem.

A. cattle isB. cattle are

C. cattles areD. the cattles are

【陷阱】此題容易誤選A,想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為cattle是單數(shù),并且空格有表單數(shù)的one,自然謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用is。

【陷阱】其實(shí),正確答案為B。cattle(牲畜,牛)為集合名詞,盡管它不帶復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s,卻永遠(yuǎn)表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,若用作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù)。又如:

For this many cattle were killed. 為此宰了不少牲畜。

The prisoners were herded like cattle. 囚犯像牲口一樣被趕到一起。

類似地,police(警察),people(人),police(警察),poultry(家禽)等也具有同樣用法,即只有單數(shù)形式,但卻表示復(fù)數(shù)意義;用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)通常也用復(fù)數(shù);不與 a(n) 連用,但可與the連用(表示總括意義和特指)。如:

The poultry have been fed. 家禽已經(jīng)喂過(guò)飼料了。

In Britain police do not usually carry guns. 在英國(guó)警察通常不帶槍。

It annoys me when people forget to say “thank you”. 遇到有人忘記道謝的時(shí)候,我就不痛快。

5. By all _______, you must try every _______ to help him.

A. mean, meanB. means, means

C. means, meanD. mean, means

【陷阱】誤選C,認(rèn)為第一空前有all修飾,故用means,而第二空前有every修飾,故用mean。

【分析】其實(shí),means是一個(gè)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞,并且永遠(yuǎn)帶有尾-s。換句話說(shuō),在表示“方式”、“方法”時(shí),不存在mean這一形式(mean主要用作動(dòng)詞,表示“意思是”;也可用作名詞,表示“中間”、“中庸”)。此題正確答案為C,by all means為習(xí)語(yǔ),意為“一定”、“盡一切辦法”。順便說(shuō)一句,means用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)需根據(jù)句意來(lái)確定。比較:

All possible means have been tried. 所有可能的辦法都已經(jīng)試過(guò)了。

Every possible means has been tried. 每種可能的辦法都已經(jīng)試過(guò)了。

若句意不能明確地表明主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù),其謂語(yǔ)則用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)均可。如:

Is [Are] there any other means of getting more money? 還有其他什么辦法可弄到更多錢嗎?

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