高繼英 山西古縣一中英語組 20142400
巧解分詞作狀語
分詞作狀語是高考題中�？伎键c、熱點，許多學(xué)生在這方面把握不準(zhǔn)而丟分。為此作者總結(jié)以下幾點供大家參考。
1． 明概念
要明確現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的基本表示意思：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動和正在進(jìn)行的意思，過去分詞表示被動和完成的意思。
2． 找邏輯
要找到分詞和句子主語之間的邏輯關(guān)系，根據(jù)二者的具體邏輯關(guān)系來選擇相應(yīng)的分詞：如是主動關(guān)系則用現(xiàn)在分詞，被動關(guān)系則用過去分詞。如果分詞和句子主語間沒有邏輯關(guān)系則要在分詞前加上其相應(yīng)的獨立主格。
3． 定時態(tài)
要辨別分詞與句子謂語動詞之間的動作先后關(guān)系，從而采取不同的分詞形式：二者同時發(fā)生則用分詞的一般式；分詞動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞前，則用完成式即having done的形式；正在被動用being done的形式，完成被動用：having been done的形式；
4． 認(rèn)否定
分詞作狀語的否定形式是在分詞前加not。
實戰(zhàn)練習(xí)：
1. He sent me an e-mail, ______ to get further information.(2000, 上海)
A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope
答案：B
解析：hope與句子主語he是主動關(guān)系。
2. ______in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United. (2000, 上海)
A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding
答案：C
解析：found與句子主語Harvard是被動關(guān)系，且動作已經(jīng)完成。B項缺少連詞。
3. _____ such heavy pollution already, it may not be too late to clear up the river. (2001, NMET)
A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
答案：A
解析：suffer與句子主語it是主動關(guān)系，且根據(jù)already應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。
4. ___________, we were taken to see the library. (西城四月模擬)
A. We had been shown the classroom
B. Being shown the classroom
C. Having been shown the classroom
D. Having shown the classroom
答案：C
解析：本句沒有連詞所以不能選A。show和句子主語we之間是被動關(guān)系，且先于謂語動詞were taken發(fā)生，所以用分詞的完成被動式。
5. Finding her car stolen, _________.(2001,上海)
A. a policeman was asked to help
B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere
D. she hurried to a policeman for help
答案：D
解析：題干中用了現(xiàn)在分詞，說明它與句子主語間應(yīng)為主動關(guān)系，而所提供的選項中只有D項的主語符合這種邏輯要求。
6. The manager, _____his factory’s product were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training.(2003,春)
A. knowing B. known C. to know D. being knowing
答案：A
解析：know與句子主語the manager是主動關(guān)系，且與謂語動詞無先后關(guān)系。
7. _____ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.（2003,北京）
A. Having given B. To give 學(xué)習(xí)計劃 C. Giving D. Given
答案：D
解析：give與句子主語he是被動關(guān)系且與句子謂語動詞沒有先后關(guān)系。
8. _____ in the queue half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.(2014,北京)
A. To wait B. Having waited C. Have waited D. To have waited
答案：B
解析：wait與主語Tom是主動關(guān)系，且先于謂語動詞發(fā)生，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。
9. _____ the program, they have to stay there for another two weeks.(2014,廣東)
A. Not completing B. Not completed
C. Not having completed D. Having not completed
答案：C
解析：complete與句子主語是主動關(guān)系，且與謂語動詞有明顯的先后關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。分詞的否定式應(yīng)將not放在分詞前，故答案為C。
10. ________, we’ll go camping tomorrow. (作者自創(chuàng))
A. Weather permits
B. Permitting
C. Weather permitting
D. If weather will permit
答案：C
解析：A項沒有連詞if所以不正確；D項時態(tài)錯誤；permit與句子主語we沒有邏輯關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)加其相應(yīng)的邏輯主語，故C正確。
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