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odule 4 Great Inventions Unit 3 Language practice

教 學(xué) 目 標(biāo)

德育目標(biāo)：To know about some great inventions

知識(shí)目標(biāo)： To practice the use of passive voice

能力目標(biāo)：To complete a task about “How to improve inventions”

重點(diǎn)

被動(dòng)語態(tài)：

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（not）+ be +過去分詞

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)—— have／has +been+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

難點(diǎn)

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（not）+ be +過去分詞

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)—— have／has +been+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

型

Revision and application

教法

Formal and interactive practices

Part I: Revision

Language practice

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)： have/has（not） been +過去分詞

Paper and printing have been used for ages.

The battery hasn’t been changed for a couple of months.

Has it been published yet?

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（not）+ be +過去分詞

Information can be kept on CD-ROs.

Books could only be produced one at a time.

Can books be replaced by computers?

Conclusion (I)

當(dāng)我們不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，或者只需強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

被動(dòng)語態(tài)：主語是動(dòng)作的承受者 。

被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：be +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)—— am／is ／ are +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

一般過去時(shí)—— was／were +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞—— aux.v. (must／can／could／may…)+ be +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)—— be(am、is、are)+being +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

一般將時(shí)—— will be／be going to be +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)—— have／has +been+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

時(shí)態(tài)

被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

am/is/are done

一般過去時(shí)

was/were done

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

am/is/are being done

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

was/were being done

一般將時(shí)

Will be done

過去將時(shí)

Would be done

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

Have/ has been done

過去完成時(shí)

Had been done

主動(dòng)語態(tài)如何改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)？

1. 主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語。

2. 主動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞。do----be done

3. 注意保持時(shí)態(tài)和人稱的一致。

4. 帶雙賓的謂語動(dòng)詞有兩種改法。當(dāng)把直接賓語改成主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞后必須加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~: to / for.
如：give-- be given to 此類動(dòng)詞還有：pass show send…

再如：buy--- be bought for此類動(dòng)詞還有：make draw cook mend…

5. 一些動(dòng)詞不定式在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中省略to作賓語補(bǔ)足語，改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，to必須還原。

注:1. 不及物動(dòng)詞（vi.)不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如:happen、take place 、appear

disappear…沒有被動(dòng)形式。

**幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)

1.y uncle gave me a gift on my birthday．----

• I was given a gift on my birthday．

• A gift was given to me on my birthday.

2.We often hear him play the guitar．

• He is often heard to play the guitar

• 注意：see, watch, hear, notice, feel, make, listen to, look at等動(dòng)詞/短語后作賓語補(bǔ)語的不定式都不帶to；但改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后必須帶to。

Exercises

1. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words.

1. I think one day books may ___________(place) completely.

2. y bike _____________(leave) at school, so I have to take the bus to school today.

3. The battery ___________________(charge) yet. How can I use my recorder.

4. Paper should not _________(throw) away.

5. Books and other material can _____________(borrow) from the library.

6. I’ve bought a second-hand P3 player—and about 1,000 songs have ___________ (download) onto it!

7. Has the computer ________________(repair) yet? I need to write my article with it.

8. What have ________________(turn on)?The radio.

2. Work in pairs: Complete the quiz questions and choose the correct answer.

a) The Egyptians b) The Ancient Greeks c) The Romans

2. What/ use/ to make paper since the 19th century?

a) Wood b) Silk 　 c) Cotton

3. Where/ the story of Romeo and Juliet / set?

a) In New York b) In Athens c) In London

4. Where/ the world’s oldest book printed on paper/ discover?

a) In India b) In China c) In Egypt

5. How long/ computers/ use?

a) For less than 50 years. b) For 50 years c) For more than 50

3. ake questions and write answers.

What/ shouldn’t /do/with paper? (waste)-----

--What shouldn’t be done with paper?

--It shouldn’t be wasted.

4. Look at the pictures and describe how the place has changed. Use these words:

add, change, open, paint, put, turn on, take away,

5. Complete the passage with the correct form of the words.

call, clean, develop, introduce, invent, produce, spread, use, write

From about 500 BC, pens __________ for writing. The feathers of large birds ___________ and dried. The point of each feather was sharpened. Then people used them to write with ink. any famous works, such as Shakespeare’s plays, ___________ with these pens. Then in the 18th century, A pen with a steel writing point ____________ Only a feords could __________, however, before the writer had to fill the pen with ink again. any years later, the fountain pen ____________ from these early pens. In 1950, a European called Laszlo Biro invented the ballpoint pen. The popularity of writing _________quickly with the ___________ of the ballpoint pen. Even today, ballpoint pen, or Biros, as they _____________, are much less expensive, compared with the fountain pens.

6--7 Listening Practice

8. Complete the sentences with the phrases in the box.

by hand, for ages , from now on, I wonder, rather than

1. Could you imagine a digital image of Yao ing on the wall _____________ a poster?

2. Things made _____________ are usually more expensive than those produced in factories.

3. ____________ how old books are actually downloaded onto computers…

4. I haven’t seen my best friend________________!

5. We’re using too much paper. ____________, I’m going to read all my magazines online.

Around the world

E-book

odule task

Discuss how to improve inventions

Homework:

Finish off the workbook exercises

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