odule Four
Sandstorms in Asia
reading and vocabulary
Step 1 Pre-reading
a. Look at the photo and answer the following questions.
1. Get Ss to come up with as many words as possible
while looking at the picture.
2. What is happening?
3. What is the cyclist wearing and why?
4. What do you think happened to traffic in this situation?
Why?
5. What do you think experts advise people to do in this
situation?
b. Predication
If you are to write the article named “Sandstorms in Asia”, how many parts will you include in it? What will you write in each part?
Step 2 While-reading
a.Skimming and scanning
Read the passage quickly and fill in the diagram with one proper word.
Part 1(Para1) d__________
Part 2(Para2-5) c_______
d_______
S_______
i________
s________
Part 3(Para.6) m________
b.Detailed Reading
1)Read the passage carefully and answer the following question.
1 What are sandstorms?
2 In what places do they often happen?
3 What does Ren Jianbo’s example tell us?
4 Are there sandstorms in China? Where?
5 Have sandstorms in China increased or decreased recently? Why?
6 Why does traffic move slowly during the sandstorm?
7 What does the government do to protect Beijing from sandstorms?
2) Read the passage carefully and then fill in the chart with suitable words.
PartsContent Details
1major disaster
2description
Cause
influence
suggestion
3measures
Step 3 Post-reading
a. Decide if the following statements are true ( T ) or false( F ).
①Scientists have tried many ways to deal with sandstorms
②Land becomes desert only because people cut down trees and dig up grass.
③The Chinese Central West Station can not forecast sandstorm before it comes.
④The desert is 25o kilometers away to the west of Beijing. So there is no need to take some measures.
⑤ Southwest China is part of the sandstorm center in Central Asia.
b. Read the text again and complete the following sentences
1.The winds in a sandstorm can sometimes______________________________
2.When Ren jianbo was living in Inner ongolia ______________________________
3.Sandstorms in China appear to have increased ______________________________
4.Cutting down trees and digging up grass can______________________________
5. Traffic moved slowly because ______________________________
6.The government is planting trees to the west of Beijing to______________________________
Step 4 language explanations
1 mass adj. 大規(guī)模的 a mass campaign 一場大規(guī)模的戰(zhàn)役
n. 團(tuán),塊,堆
a mass of clouds /hot air
a mass of =masses of 許多,大量
the masses 群眾
2 be caught in 被困于…,遇到…
He was late for work yesterday afternoon because he was caught in the traffic jam.
Charles Chaplin was once caught in a snowstorm for several days.
3 appear v. 1) 出現(xiàn),出版,發(fā)行
His book will appear in the bookshop next week.
A smile appeared on his face when he heard the good news.
2) 看起,似乎。 系動(dòng)詞
She appeared very tired.
She appears to want to leave.
4 prevent somebody from doing, stop somebody from doing,
keep somebody from doing
阻止某人做某事。
Note: keep sb. from doing 中from 不可以省略, 因?yàn)閗eep sb. doing 意為：讓某人一直做某事。其他兩個(gè)詞組中from省略后意思不變。
I’m sorry to keep you waiting so long. 很抱歉讓你等了這么久。
We must keep him from complaining all day.
我們不能讓他整天抱怨了。
grammar
不定式
Step 1 Presentation
Look at the examples a-f. The underlined phrases are examples of different types of infinitive.
a.The wind is strong enough. It can move sand dunes.
The wind is strong enough to move sand dunes.
b.We were advised, “ Don’t go outside.”
We were advised not to go outside.
c.I’m cycling to work in a sandstorm and it’s frightening.
I’m frightening to be cycling to work in a sandstorm.
d.There is nothing anyone can do.
There is nothing to be done.
e.I am the only person in my family who has been in a sandstorm.
I am the only person in my family to have been in a sandstorm.
f.I’ve been caught in a sandstorm. It was a terrible experience.
To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience.
Step 2 Explanations
I 動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)形式
時(shí) 態(tài)主 動(dòng)被 動(dòng)
一般式 to doto be done
進(jìn)行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done to have been done
1. 動(dòng)詞不定式的一般式：表示與主動(dòng)詞處于同一時(shí)間層面或動(dòng)作發(fā)生于主動(dòng)詞之后。
eg: He seems to understand what I said
I hope to visit Paris again.
2. 動(dòng)詞不定式的進(jìn)行式：表示與主動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生且動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。
eg: The two cheats pretended to be working hard.
3. 動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式：表示不定式動(dòng)作發(fā)生于主動(dòng)詞之前。
eg: She seems to have seen this film.
He happened to have gone out when I went to see him
4. 動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式：表示與邏輯主語之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
eg: The meeting to be held tomorrow is about how to stop the pollution.
I want to have been told the news earlier.
Ⅱ動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能
不定式的句法功能是做主語，表語，賓語，賓語補(bǔ)足語，主語補(bǔ)足語，定語，目的狀語和結(jié)果狀語，分別給出一個(gè)例句 ：
1） To master a foreign language is necessary for a college student.
(主語)
2） Your job is to wash dishes.（表語）
3） She promised to give him a chance. (賓語)
4） The teacher told his students to pay attention to their pronunciation.（賓語補(bǔ)足語）
5） I was asked to help him with his lessons.（主語補(bǔ)足語）
6） Have you got a pencil to draw pictures with?（定語）
7） Some scientists went to Germany to attend a medical conference.（狀語）
8） He was too excited to say anything.（狀語）
Ⅲ 不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
1）“疑問詞+不定式”可以做主語，賓語，表語，同位語。
The problem is how to persuade him to change his mind.
2) 帶有邏輯主語的結(jié)構(gòu)of/ for sb. to do sth
The first thing to do is to clean the room.
It is foolish of you to say such words.
辨析：⑴ It is + adj.+ of sb + to do sth.;// ⑵It is + adj.+ for sb + to do sth.
差別：以上（1）結(jié)構(gòu)中的adj是用說明主語的特征的，并作其表語； 而結(jié)構(gòu)（2）中的adj是用說明句中動(dòng)詞的特征的。
Eg: It’s foolish of you to do such things
可轉(zhuǎn)化為：You’re foolish to do such things.
但:It’s easy for you to learn English well
不可以象上邊那樣轉(zhuǎn)化。
Step 3 Practice.
Ex1.
Fill in the blanks with the verbs in their proper forms.
1.It's very kind of you ________ it for me. (do)
2.y job is ________ the students English. (teach)
3.If you want ________ with us, you should be ready by eight o'clock.(go)
4.I dare not ________ him about it. (tell)
5.He told me ________ at six thirty. (leave)
6.The children are warned ________ in that lake. (not swim)
7.Before you leave the room, please remember ________ the light. (turn off)
8.You'd better ________(stay) at home and ________ (do) your homework.
9.It's too hard ________ (do) it by myself. 10.It takes about two hours ________ (get to) the station.
11.It's time ________ our class. (start)
12.I have a lot of things ________ you. (tell)
13.I'm very glad ________ you again. (hear from)
14.The article is not easy ________ . (understand)
15.We didn't have time ________ a rest. (to have)
16.I'll try ________ that again. (not do)
17.John's wish is ________ a writer in the future. (become)
18.I'd like ________ (go) to the Summer Palace.
19.She doesn't knohether and when ________ Shanghai in two days. (leave)
20.She is not sure how ________ out the maths problem. (work)
Ex2
1. Don't forget _________ the letter.
A. to send B. send C. sending D. being sent
2. The chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable to _________.
A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on
3. Is ______ necessary to return the book tomorrow?
A. this B. that C. it D. which
4. I'm afraid they would not allow him ________ here.
A. to smoke B. smoking C. smokes D. smoke
5. other told me ________ the water before I drank it.
A. boiling B. boiled C. boil D. to boil
6. On my way home, I stopped _______ some food.
A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought
7. John was made _______ the car for a week as a punishment.
A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing
8. The sitting-room needs _______, but it'll have to wait until Saturday.
A. be cleaning B. to be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned
9. The first thing I want to do is __________.
A. visit to him B. to visit him C. visiting him D. visited him
10. Li Yang advised me _________ too much, otherwise I would have been drunk.
A. not to drink B. to drink C. not drinking D. drinking
Can’t help but結(jié)構(gòu)
區(qū)別：can’t help doing …禁不住…
Hearing that she was admitted to a famous college, she can’t help jumping.
1、不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞but, except, besides等表示“除了……”之意的后面時(shí)，如果這些介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式，那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,否則帶to。
She could do nothing but cry.
她只有哭泣。
Tom did nothing except wait before his parents came home.
父母回家之前，湯姆只有等待。
Capitalists would do nothing besides make profit from the workers.
資本家除了從工人身上榨取利益之外，什么也不顧及。
What do you like to do besides swim?
除了游泳你喜歡做什么？
He did nothing else than laugh.
他只笑笑而已。
I have no choice but to accept the fact.
除了接受這一事實(shí)，我別無選擇。
I have no choice but to go.
我別無選擇，只有走。
2. 在can’t but, can’t help but , can’t choose but(不得不，只能)結(jié)構(gòu)后，不定式不帶to。
I can’t help but be sorry.
我只能說抱歉。
There being no buses, he can’t but walk home.
由于沒有公共汽車，他只能步行回家。
He can’t choose but accept the offer.
他只能接受提議。
I cannot but admire his courage.
我只能欽佩他的勇氣。
We could not but weep at our bad luck.
對于我們的厄運(yùn)我們只能哭泣。
It’s raining hard. I cannot help but stay at home.
天在下大雨，我只好停在家里。
They couldn’t choose but stay there.
他們不得不呆在那兒。
必修三模塊四復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案
I. 單詞重現(xiàn)
1. 沙塵暴 n.) ______
2. 嚇人的可怕的 (adj.) ________使..害怕(v.)___________(感到)害怕的（adj.）_________
3. 內(nèi)陸的(adj.) __________
4.大量的的，規(guī)模的(adj.)_______
5. 戰(zhàn)役 活動(dòng) (n.) ____________
6. 沙丘(n.) ____________
7. 沙漠化(n.)__________________ 沙漠(n.) _________遺棄的（adj.）______________
8. 進(jìn)程 過程(n.) ______________
9. 公民 市民(n.) _________________
10. 沙塵 灰塵(n.) _________
沾滿沙土的（adj）__________
11. 預(yù)報(bào) 預(yù)告(v. )____________
預(yù)報(bào)員(n.)________________
12. 力量 力氣 (n.) _______________
加強(qiáng) 增強(qiáng)（v）_________________
13. 騎自行車(v.) _________,
騎自行車者（n）. __________
14. 面罩(n.) __________
15. 大氣（層），氣氛(n.) _________
16. 碳 (n.) _____________
17. 化學(xué)藥品(n.) ，化學(xué)的（adj.）___________
化學(xué)（學(xué)科）（n.） ___________
18. 環(huán)境(n.) _________
周圍的，環(huán)境的（adj.）________________
19. 廢料，垃圾(n.)___________
20. 融化(vi.) ________
融化的，溶解的(adj.) _______
21. 污染（n.）________污染(v.) __________
22. 再循環(huán) (v.n.) ______________
23.沿海的（adj.）__________________
海岸線（n.）__________________
24.關(guān)心的，擔(dān)心的(adj.)_________________
25.證據(jù)，證明（n.）____________________
明白的 明顯的（adj.）___________________
26.主要的 多數(shù)的（adj.）_________________
多數(shù) 大半（n.）___________________________
27. 緊急的 (adj.)____________________
迫切地（adv.）___________________
28.污染（v.）____________________
污染（n.）____________________
29.抱怨（v.）__________________
抱怨（n.）____________________
30.簡單一句話（n.）___________________
31.恐怖的 嚇人的 （adj.）________________
恐嚇 驚嚇某人（v.）_____________________
32.絕對地 完全地（adv.）_________________
絕對的（adj.）_______________________
33.保護(hù)（n.）________________________
保護(hù)（v.）___________________________
II.短語集錦
1.砍到 __________________
2. 阻止…干… __________________
3. 保護(hù)…不受…的侵害 ______________
4. 只有做…. ___________________
5. 挖出______________
6. 放出 發(fā)出 _________________
7. 簡言之 ______________
8. 醒后面對…清醒地意識到 ____________________
9. 遭遇到… _________________
10.吸收 欺騙 __________________
11. 對…有影響__________________
12. 帶走 拿走 ________________
13. 一個(gè)接一個(gè)地__________________
14. 允許某人做… ______________________
15.認(rèn)真嚴(yán)肅地考慮…_________________
III. 經(jīng)典考題 本回扣
1.（原）I couldn’t agree with you more.
(2007 東23.) ---Have you been wasting time on computer games again?
---______. I’ve been studying a lot and I need a break.
A.No way B. Not really
C. I don’t agree D. I couldn’t agree more
2.(原)There is nothing to be done.
(2007.寧夏 25)---The last one____ pays the meal.----Agreed!
A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving
3.(原)The garbage is then taken away and, if possible, recycled.
(2007.全國. 28)We all know that ,_____,the situation will get worse.
A. not if dealt carefully with
B. if not carefully dealt with
C. if dealt not carefully with
D. not if carefully dealt with
4.(原)The machine you had repaired went wrong , which made him angry ?.
(2007.寧夏 25)You should understand the traffic rule by now .You’ve had it ___ often enough .
A. explaining B. to explain
C. explain D. explained
5. (原)They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes.
(2007.上海 33)Pop music is such an important part of society____ it has even influenced our language.
A.as B. that C. which D. where
IV完成下列句子：
1．In China, ___________(一場群眾運(yùn)動(dòng)) has been started to help solve it.
2．Sandstorms in China____________________(好象有所增加) in recent years _______________________(由于沙漠化的原因).
3．This is a ________(過程) that happens when land becomes desert because of _____________(天氣變化) and because people _________ (砍伐) trees and ___________ (挖)grass.
4．When a sandstorm arrives in the city, weather experts _________(建議) people not ____________(出去).
5．The desert is only 250 kilometers away ______________(北京以西).
6．__________________________(為阻止沙漠逼近), the government is planting trees .
V.回歸 精選段落
Sandstorms are strong ,dry winds that (攜帶)____________sand .They are often(如此厚以至于)____________________ you cannot see the sun and the wind is sometimes strong enough to （移動(dòng)）___________ sand sues. The four main places in the world（在那里）__________ there are sandstorms are Central Asia, North America ,Central Africa and Australia . Ren Jianbo , from Inner ongolia (描述)___________ a terrible sandstorm he （經(jīng)歷）______________ as a child in the desert.”（遭遇到了）____________________________ a sandstorm was a terrible experience, ” he said.” The was nothing (能夠做)_______________. It was the most (可怕的)_________________ and the most dangerous (形勢)_____________ I’ve ever been in. You just had to hope you’d (幸存下)____________ .I thought I was going to (消失)_____________ under the sand”.
VI. 針對重點(diǎn) 微型練習(xí)
1. ____, it doesn’t matter whether I can defeat John. in the match
A. As much as I’m concerned
B. As far as I’m concerning
C. As long as I’m concerning
D. As far as I’m concerned
2. ----Don’t ____ to me again ____ your low position in the government
----Ok. I promise never.
A. complain ; of B. complaint ; about
C. apologize ; of D. advise ; on
3. The ___ problems in this city are related to traffic.
A. majority B. major
C. magic D. mainly
4. As is known, smoking has ____ our health..
A. a bad effect on B. bad effect to
C. an effort on D. affect to
5. ---Do you know“___ ”means “to explain something very simply”.
---Yes .We can also say “in a word”.
A. in a short B. for brief
C. on conclusion D. in a nutshell
6. He was so busy because he had ____ letters to answer.
A. a mass B. a large numbers of
C. mass D. a great deal of
7. With enough____ being hurt, these orphans grow happily.
A. protection of B. protecting from
C. protection from D. protected by
8. We did nothing but ____ for him on the airport this afternoon.
A. waited B. wait
C. to wait D. waiting
1.參考答案：Suggested answers:
2.Reading and vocabulary
3.Suggested answers:
4.1. mask cycle cyclist dust
5.citizen frightening sandstorm
6.2. There is a sandstorm blowing.
7.3. She is wearing hoods, masks and glasses.
8.4. The traffic moves slowly. Because it’s not clear to see everything on the road and people must take great care.
9.5. Experts advise people to stay at home in this situation.
10.Part 1 disaster
11.Part 2 Sandstorm cause description influence suggestions
12.Part 3 measures
13.1 Sandstorms are strong, dry winds that carry sand.
14.2 Central Asia, North America, Central Africa and Australia.
15.3 It is dangerous to go out when a sandstorm occurs.
16.4 Yes. Northwest China.
17.5 Increased. As a result of desertification.
18.6 Because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.
19.7 Plant more trees.
20.
PartsContent Details
1major disasterA mass campaign, to help solve sandstorm, tried many ways to solve it
2descriptionStrong wind, dry, carry sand, So thick, can’t see the sun
CauseDesertification,
Climate changes, cut down trees, dig up grass
influenceOrange sky, strong winds
suggestionStay at home, wear a mask
3measuresPlant trees
21.
22.1.T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. F
23.
1. prevent you from seeing the sun
24.2 he experienced a terrible sandstorm
25.3 because of desertification
26.4 cause deserts and sandstorms to increase
27.5 the drivers can’t see
28.6.prevent the desert coming nearer
29.grammar Suggested answers:
30.1．to do 2. to teach 3. to go 4. tell 5. to leave 6. not to swim 7. to turn off 8. stay do
31.9. to do 10. to get to 11. to start 12. to tell 13. to hear from 14. to understand 15. to have
32.16. not to do 17. to become 18. to go 19. to leave 20. to work
33. 1A 2. B 3.C 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. B 9.B 10. A
34.BCBDB
DABADCCB
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