Module 4 Fine Arts- Western, Chinese and Pop Arts單元學(xué)案
I. Word Study
1. paint vt. vi. to put paint on a surface; to make a picture, design etc. using paint粉刷；刷漆；（用顏料）繪畫
e.g.
We painted our house white. 我們把房子粉刷成白色。
I wear old trousers when I’m painting. 當(dāng)刷漆時(shí)我穿舊褲子。
Do you know who painted this picture? 你知道是誰畫的這幅畫嗎？
構(gòu)詞解析：
paint vt. vi. 粉刷；刷漆；（用顏料）繪畫 n. [c] [u] 油漆；繪畫顏料 painter畫家；油漆工painting n. [u] 繪畫，畫法 [c] 畫，油畫，水彩畫
Practice
Put the following sentence into English.
1.他以畫風(fēng)景畫而著稱。
_________________________.
2. 她當(dāng)時(shí)正在油漆一把木椅子。
_________________________.
Key for reference
1. He is famous for painting landscapes.
2. She was painting a wooden chair.
2. alive adj. still living and not dead; active and happy; continue to exist；be full of；be aware of活著的；有活力的；現(xiàn)存的；充滿……的（常與with連用）；注意到的（與to連用）; catch sb/sth.. alive活捉……
e.g.
Many people think he is the greatest artist alive today.
許多人認(rèn)為他是現(xiàn)今在世的最偉大的藝術(shù)家。
It was a really bad accident-they’re lucky to be alive.
那真是一場很嚴(yán)重的事故-他們能活下來很幸運(yùn)。
My grandmother is still very much alive, more alive than many young people.
我祖母仍然很有活力，比許多年輕人更活躍。
The party really came alive when the famous singer appeared on the stage..
當(dāng)那個(gè)著名的歌唱家出現(xiàn)在舞臺上的時(shí)候，晚會氣氛活躍起來。
Ancient traditions are still very much alive in some parts of the country.
在這個(gè)國家的一些地方，一些古老的習(xí)俗仍然保留著。
Xi’an is a city alive with tourists.西安是一個(gè)游客不斷的城市。
The company is alive to the threat of foreign imports.
公司注意到了外國進(jìn)口商品的威脅。
Practice
Translate the following sentences into English
1. 很多人認(rèn)為他已死于那場交通事故，但事實(shí)上他依然活著。
_____________________________________________________
2. 公園里到處都是老人和小孩。
_____________________________________________________
3. 他沒有意識到那項(xiàng)工作的危險(xiǎn)。
_____________________________________________________
4. 你今天看起來很活躍。
_____________________________________________________
Key for reference
1. Many people thought he died in the road accident. But in fact he is still alive.
2. The park was alive with old people and children.
3. He wasn’t alive to the danger of the job.
4. You seem very much alive today.
3. observe vt. vi. to see and notice; to act in accordance with; to make a remark 觀察；注意到; 慶祝；遵守；陳述（意見）
e.g.
He observes keenly, but says little.
他觀察敏銳，但是很少說話。
He observed his actions with interest.
他很感興趣地觀察他的行動(dòng)。
I observed that several students were asleep.
我注意到幾個(gè)學(xué)生在睡覺。
The woman was observed to follow him closely.
有人看到那女子緊跟著他。
The police observed the man entering / enter the bank.
警方監(jiān)視著那男子進(jìn)入銀行的情況。
When driving, you must observe the speed limit.
駕車時(shí)，一定要遵守速度限制規(guī)定
Chinese all over the world observe the Spring Festival.
全世界的中國人都慶祝春節(jié)。
“The book isn’t worth reading,” he observed.
“這本書不值的一讀，”他說。
構(gòu)詞解析：
observe vt. vi. 觀察；注意到; 慶祝；遵守；陳述（意見）observer n. 觀察者；遵守者；評論者 observant adj. 善于觀察的，機(jī)警的 observation n. 觀察，注意 observatory n. 天文臺；氣象臺；觀察臺
Practice
Correct the following sentences.
1. I observed several girls to practice singing and dancing there.
2. The boy was observed send short-text messages by mobile phone.
Key for reference
1. 將to去掉，observe作感官動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。
2. 在send前加to，在observe的被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，作主補(bǔ)的不定式要帶to。
4. adopt vt. take over and have or use sth. as one’s own, accept ; take sb. onto one’s family, esp. as one’s child; choose 采納；采用；過繼
e.g.
They adopted my suggestion.他們采納了我的建議。
The poor child was adopted by the couple. 那個(gè)可?的小孩被那對夫婦收養(yǎng)了。
Practice
Put the following sentence into English.
1. 我們學(xué)校采納了一種新的法。
________________________________________.
2. 保爾不是他們的親兒子。他是被收養(yǎng)的。
________________________________________.
Key for reference
1. Our school has adopted a new teaching method.
2. Paul isn’t their real son. He is adopted.
5. aim
(1) vi. vi. to choose the place, person etc. that you want to hit and carefully point your gun, etc. towards them.; to try to achieve something以……為目標(biāo)；打算；意欲 aim sth at sth 用某物瞄準(zhǔn)某物
I aimed at the door but hit the window. 我瞄準(zhǔn)門卻打中了窗戶。
The program is aimed at young teenagers. 這個(gè)節(jié)目是面向青少年的。
I aim to be a top student in our class.我立志要在班里做一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生。
He aimed the gun at the dog.他用槍瞄準(zhǔn)狗。
(2). n. [c] 目的，目標(biāo) [u.] 瞄準(zhǔn)
What’s your aim in working so hard? 你如此努力地工作，目的是什么？
The main aim of the course is to improve students’ communication skills.
這個(gè)課程的主要目的是提高同學(xué)們的交流技巧。
He took careful aim at the target.他小心地瞄準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)。
構(gòu)詞解析：
aim vt. vi. 以……為目標(biāo)；打算；意欲n. [c] 目的，目標(biāo) [u.] 瞄準(zhǔn) aimless adj.無目標(biāo)的 aimlessly adv. 無目標(biāo)地 aimlessness n. [u] 無目的
Practice
Multiple choice
1. He aimed the ball ___ the goal, but missed.
A. at B. in C. to D. upon
2. My son aims ___ a doctor.
A. being B. having been C. to be D. to have been
Key for reference
1 A . aim 作“瞄準(zhǔn)”講時(shí)，無論是動(dòng)詞還是名詞，都與at搭配；作名詞“目標(biāo)”解時(shí)通常與of, in搭配，如：the aim of the book這本書的目的；his aim in life他的人生目標(biāo)。
2.C
6 realize vt. to know and understand the importance of something; to achieve something that you were hoping to achieve認(rèn)識到；了解；實(shí)現(xiàn)
e.g.
He didn’t realize his mistake until the next day.. 直到第二天，他才認(rèn)識到自己的錯(cuò)誤。
He realized that he was going to lose his best friend for ever.
他意識到就要永遠(yuǎn)失去最好的朋友了。
We didn’t realize how important it was at that time.
我們那時(shí)沒有意識到它是多么的重要。
She has finally realized her dream of becoming an actress.
她最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了當(dāng)演員的夢想。
構(gòu)詞解析：
realize vt. 認(rèn)識到；了解；實(shí)現(xiàn) realizable adj.可實(shí)現(xiàn)的，可換成現(xiàn)款的 realization n. [u] 領(lǐng)悟，認(rèn)知，理解
Key for reference
Multiple choice
1. Only when class began ______ that he had left his book at home.
A. will he realizeB. did he realizeC. he did realize D. should he realize
2. He ____ his wildest wish when he was 60 years old.
A. realized B. had realized C. was realized D. had been realized
Key for reference:
1. B 本句意為“直到上課時(shí)，他才意識到他把書留在家里了”。 “only +狀語”置于句首時(shí)， 主句要部分倒裝，即將助動(dòng)詞置于主語前。
2. A
7. destroy vt. to damage something so badly that it cannot be repaired or so that it no longer exists.破壞；毀壞；粉碎
e.g.
The fire destroyed most of the building.大火毀掉了這座建筑的大部分。
Their traditional way of life has been destroyed.他們的傳統(tǒng)生活方式被完全破壞了。
All hopes of peaceful settlement were destroyed by his speech.
所有和平解決的希望都被他的演說粉碎了。
構(gòu)詞解析：
destroy vt. .破壞；毀壞；粉碎 destroyer n. [c] 破壞者，驅(qū)逐艦 destruction n. [u] 破壞；毀滅 destructive adj.破壞的；毀滅性的
Practice:
Put the following sentences into English.
1. 吸毒毀掉了那個(gè)藝術(shù)家。
_______________________.
2. 我剛才畫的水彩畫被我的小狗毀掉了。
_________________________________.
Key for reference
1. Taking drugs destroyed the artist.
2. The watercolor I painted just now was destroyed by my dog.
II. Background
The Subjects of Traditional Chinese Paintings
The most popular subjects of traditional Chinese paintings have been landscapes, human figures, animals, fishes, birds and flowers-the last two being frequently combined as “flower and bird painting”. Figure painting, which reached maturity during the Warring States period, flourished against a Confucian background, illustrating moralistic themes. From the Han Dynasty to the end of the Tang Dynasty, the human figure occupied the dominant position in Chinese painting, as it did in pre-modern European art.
Landscape painting is called shanshui hua in Chinese. Shanshui means mountains and rivers, which stand for nature. Landscape painting is thus called because mountain and water occupy the most important place in a piece of landscape painting, while non-essential elements of landscape and people are either omitted or painted as embellishment. Nature is predominant, and human beings are only part of it. This concept of man’s relationship with nature was especially executed in the paintings of the Song Dynasty, which greatly influenced later landscape painters up to the present.
Ⅲ. Language study
1. This is a painting by the Spanish artist, Pablo Picasso, considered to be the greatest western artist of the twentieth century.
= This is a painting painted by the Spanish artist, Pablo Picasso, who is thought to be the greatest western artist of the twentieth century.
這是西班牙畫家巴勃羅?畢加索的一幅油畫， 他被認(rèn)為是20世紀(jì)西方最偉大的畫家。
consider
(1). vt. vi. to think about something仔細(xì)考慮，思考 其后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)，需用動(dòng)詞的ing形式。
e.g.
Many students in our school are considering studying abroad.
我們學(xué)校的很多學(xué)生都在考慮出國留學(xué)。
We considered where to get enough water.
我們考慮到哪兒去弄足夠的水。
Consider carefully before you decide.
要慎重考慮后再做決定。
(2). vt. to think of someone or something in a particular way；remember to think of把……看作；認(rèn)為；考慮到，顧及
e.g.
I always consider you (to be/ as ) my best friend.
我一直把你看作我最好的朋友。
He considered Founder laptops (to be) very good.
他認(rèn)為方正手提電腦很好。
Considering the strength of their team, we did very well to score two goals.
考慮到他們隊(duì)的實(shí)力，我們進(jìn)兩球已很不錯(cuò)了。
If you consider that he has only been studying English for six months, she speaks it very well.
考慮到她才學(xué)英語六個(gè)月，她說得相當(dāng)好了。
構(gòu)詞解析：
consider vt. vi..考慮,思考,認(rèn)為considerable adj..相當(dāng)?shù)?可觀的,重要的considerably adv..非常地,很, considerate adj..體貼的,體諒的,顧慮周到的considerately adv.體貼地consideration n.[c] [u] 考慮,體諒considered adj.考慮過的,受尊重的considering prep. 考慮到,就……而論
Practice
1. Mr. Zhang is considered ______ an excellent teacher in our school. Which of the following is wrong?
A. to be B. asC. 不填D. for
2. Tom said he was considering ____ his job.
A. to changeB. changing C. of changing D. being changed
Key for reference
1. D
2. B consider表示“考慮，思考”時(shí)，后面的動(dòng)詞需用ing形式。
2. He is most famous for his lively paintings of horses.
= He is most famous for the horses he painted, which look alive.
他以擅畫生機(jī)勃勃的馬而著稱
(1) “most+形容詞或副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)前不加定冠詞the時(shí)，表示“非�！薄�
e.g.
The lady is most experienced in dealing with children.
那位女士在照顧小孩方面很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
This is really a most interesting story. 這真是一個(gè)非常有趣的故事。
(2). lively adj. full of quick and often cheerful movement, thought, activity, etc. vivid; bright; exciting 活潑的；生動(dòng)的；栩栩如生；強(qiáng)烈的
e.g.
She’s a lively child and popular with everyone.
她是個(gè)活潑的孩子，大家都喜歡她。
Our teacher gave us a lively description of the event.
老師把那個(gè)事件給我們做了生動(dòng)的描述。
The subject produced a lively discussion in our class.
那個(gè)主題在我們班里引發(fā)了熱烈的討論。
構(gòu)詞解析：
live adj.活的,生動(dòng)的,精力充沛的,實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播的livelihood n. [c.] [u]生計(jì)；營生；生活 liveliness n. [u] 活潑；快活；熱鬧 lively adj. 活潑的；生動(dòng)的；栩栩如生；強(qiáng)烈的 livelily adv.生氣勃勃地；活潑地；快活地
Practice
Put the following sentences into Chinese.
1. I received a most unusual gift from my uncle.
___________________________________________。
2. The professor gave us a most interesting talk on Japan.
___________________________________________。
3. He has a lively mind.
___________________________________________。
4. He can draw a lively cat in five minutes.
___________________________________________。
Key for reference
1. 我從我叔叔那兒收到了一份非常特殊的禮物。
2. 教授給我們做了一場有關(guān)日本的非常有趣的報(bào)告。
3. 他的思想很活躍。
4. 他能在五分鐘之內(nèi)畫出一只栩栩如生的貓。
3. … although I can get tired of looking at pictures all the time.
= …although I sometimes lose interest in looking at pictures because I have to do that always.
雖然總是看圖（有時(shí)）可能會使我厭煩。
be/ get/feel/ tired of...: be bored with...對……感到厭倦，厭煩； be/get/feel tired from...因……而感到疲勞
e.g.
I’m tired of watching television; let’s go out for a walk.
我看膩電視了，讓我們出去散步吧。
I’m very tired from walking such a long way.
走了這么長的路后我感到很疲勞。
Practice
Put the following sentences into English.
1. 我討厭聽他的演講。
_____________________________________。
2. 他因長時(shí)間上網(wǎng)而感到疲勞。
_____________________________________。
Key for reference
1. I’m tired of listening to his speech.
2. He felt tired from surfing the Internet for a long time.
4. But I can’t stand that picture of a golden-haired girl.
= But I don’t like that picture of a golden-haired girl at all.
但是我受不了那幅金發(fā)女孩兒的畫。
stand (stood, stood) vt. accept, bear; to be done or made well enough 接受，忍受；經(jīng)得起（考查，時(shí)間的考驗(yàn)等） 多用于疑問句或否定句中
e.g.
He can’t stand this hot weather. 他無法忍受這種熱天氣。
That teacher can’t stand to see/seeing his students smoking.
那位老師無法忍受看到他的學(xué)生抽煙。
How can you stand such rude behavior?
你怎么能容忍如此精魯?shù)男袨椋?br />His work can hardly stand close examination.
他的工作經(jīng)不起仔細(xì)檢查。
Practice
Put the following sentence into Chinese.
1. He can’t stand the life without the Internet.
__________________________________________________。
2. I think the Prime Minister’s decision will stand the test of time.
__________________________________________________。
Key for reference
1. 他不能忍受沒有網(wǎng)絡(luò)的生活。
2. 我想首相的決定/決斷力經(jīng)得起時(shí)間的考驗(yàn)。
5. My parents are fond of going to art galleries and often take me with them, so I’ve developed an interest in art.
= My parents love going to art galleries and often take me with them so I’ve come to have an interest in art.
我父母喜歡去美術(shù)館，他們常常帶我一起去，我由此對藝術(shù)產(chǎn)生了興趣。
(1). be fond of like something very much 對……產(chǎn)生興趣
e.g.
Though she has many faults, we are all very fond of her.
雖然她有很多缺點(diǎn)，我們都很喜歡她。
The child is fond of playing the piano.
那個(gè)小孩很喜歡彈鋼琴。
(2). developed an interest in...: come to have an interest in...
She has developed an interest in collecting stamps.
她對集郵產(chǎn)生了興趣。
Practice
Multiple choice
1. He is fond of _____ to music while he is doing his homework.
A. listen B. listening C. to listen D. listened
2. Jim developed an interest ____ the performing arts and performed at some theatres.
A. on B. for C. in D. with
Key for reference
1. B 2. C
IV. Grammar Exploration
語法：本單元的語法項(xiàng)目為不定式和動(dòng)詞的ing形式。不定式和動(dòng)詞的-ing形式都屬于非謂語動(dòng)詞，都可以在句中作主語，表語，賓語，定語，賓補(bǔ)和狀語。本單元將主要討論一下它們在使用中的異同。
1.作主語時(shí)
(1)表示一般情況時(shí)，兩者皆可。
e.g.
To learn English well is not easy. = Learning English well is not easy.
學(xué)好英語不容易。
(2). 表示具體的，特定情況下的或有待于完成的動(dòng)作時(shí)，通常用動(dòng)詞不定式。
e.g.
To finish reading such a long novel will take me several days.
讀完這么長的小說要花去我好幾天時(shí)間。
(3) 當(dāng)it 作形式主語，動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞通常可以互換。但當(dāng)表語是necessary, important等形容詞時(shí)，后面只接不定式，而當(dāng)表語是no use, no good, a waste of time等詞時(shí)，則用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。
e.g.
It's bad manners to spit in public. = It’s bad manners spitting in public.
在公共場合吐痰是不禮貌的。
It’s quite impossible for us to finish the work in time with so little money.
我們用這么少的錢及時(shí)完成工作是不可能的。
It’s no use asking him for help. 向他尋求幫助是沒有用的。
(4) There is no 結(jié)構(gòu)后只接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。
e.g.
There is no knowing whether he is alive or dead.
不知他是死是活。
2. 作表語時(shí)
(1) 表示一般情況時(shí)，兩者可以通用。
e.g.
His work is to paint houses. = His work is painting houses.
他的工作是粉刷房子。
(2). 表示具體的，特定情況下的或是未來的動(dòng)作，通常用動(dòng)詞不定式。
e.g.
Our homework today is to finish the exercises 1 and 2 on page 25.
我們今天的家庭作業(yè)就是完成25而的練習(xí)1和2。
(3) 主語與表語形式通常保持一致。
e.g.
To do this is to cut the foot to fit the shoe.
Doing this is cutting the foot to fit the shoe.
這樣做無異于削足適履。
3. 作賓語時(shí)
(1) 有些動(dòng)詞后只能用不定式作賓語，常見的此類動(dòng)詞(短語)有：
ask, agree, beg, decide, determine, fail, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, set out, want, wish, expect, demand
e.g.
I want to ask him a question. 我想問他一個(gè)問題。
She decided to help her sister.
她決定幫她的妹妹。
As a student, he can’t afford to buy a car now.
作為一個(gè)學(xué)生，他現(xiàn)在買不起轎車。
(2) 有些動(dòng)詞后只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，常見的此類動(dòng)詞（短語）有：
admit, advise, appreciate, avoid, can’t help, consider, delay, deny, endure, enjoy, excuse, escape, face, fancy, finish, forgive, give up，imagine, keep, keep on, mind, miss, mention, pardon, permit, practice, put off, risk, resist, suggest, understand等。
e.g.
The doctor advised taking more exercise.
醫(yī)生建議多鍛煉。
I suggest doing it in a different way.
我建議用不同的方法做。
尤其要注意一些含有介詞to的動(dòng)詞短語，不要和不定式中的to混淆。此類短語主要有：
be used to, come to, devote to, get down to, lead to, look forward to, pay attention to, refer to, stick to等。
e.g.
I really must get down to considering it seriously.
我真地必須認(rèn)真考慮一下這件事了。
I am looking forward to seeing you again.
我期盼著再次見到你。
(3) 有些動(dòng)詞后既可跟動(dòng)不定式也可跟動(dòng)名詞，意義相差不大。常見的此類動(dòng)詞(短語)有：
can’t stand, prefer, learn, continue等。
e.g.
I can’t stand seeing/to see good food going to waste.
我無法忍受看到好好的食物被浪費(fèi)。
She continues to work/working after having a baby.
有了小孩后她繼續(xù)工作。
(4) begin, start后跟不定式或動(dòng)名詞皆可，通常可以互換，但在下列情況下，只用不定式。
① start, start本身為進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
e.g.
The boy noticed that his father was beginning to get angry, so he ran away.
那個(gè)男孩注意到他的父親生氣，所以就跑開了
② 當(dāng)主語為非生物名詞或it時(shí)。
e.g.
A strong wind started to blow. 一陣強(qiáng)風(fēng)開始刮起來。
③ begin, start后接表示心理活動(dòng)的詞時(shí)，如understand, realize, know, see等。
e.g.
He began to realize the importance of foreign languages.
他開始意識到外語的重要性。
(5) 在hate, like, love后，表示經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，通常用動(dòng)名詞；若表示特定，具體的或一次性的行為則用不定式。
e.g.
I don’t like bothering him when he’s busy.
當(dāng)他忙得時(shí)候我不喜歡打擾他。
I usually like staying with him, but I even hate to see him that night.
我通常喜歡和他呆在一起，但是那天晚上我甚至不愿看到他。
(6) 在remember, forget, try, go on, regret, mean, stop, want, need, require等動(dòng)詞后既可接不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞，但含義不同。
① remember to do 記著去做（尚未做的）某事；remember doing 記得做過某事
② forget to do 忘記要去做某事；forget doing 忘記曾做過某事
③ go on to do 接著又做另一件事；go on doing 繼續(xù)做同一件事
④ regret to do 遺憾將要做某事；regret doing 后悔做過的事
⑤ mean to do 打算／想要做某事；mean doing 意味著
⑥ stop to do 停下來（正在做的事）去做另一件事；stop doing 停止正在做的事
⑦ try to do 努力做某事； try doing 嘗試做某事
⑧ want to do 想要做某事；want doing需要（被）
⑨ need/require to do 需要/要求做做某事；need/require doing需要（被）
e.g.
Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.
離開時(shí)請記得關(guān)燈。
Certainly I posted your letter?I remember posting it.
我當(dāng)然給你寄過信了-我記得寄過它。
4. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)
(1)常見的用不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞。
allow, help, warn, ask, force, tell, expect, promise, wish, want
e.g.
We expect him to win an Olympic gold medal.
我們期盼他贏一枚奧運(yùn)金牌。
(2) 不定式和動(dòng)詞的-ing形式都可在感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞（feel, make, let, see, hear, watch,
listen to, look at, notice, observe）后作賓補(bǔ)。不定式強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生了，即結(jié)束了；而動(dòng)詞
的-ing形式則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。
e.g.
I saw a man walk into the garden and pick some flower. （動(dòng)作已完成）
我看到一個(gè)男人進(jìn)了花園，摘了一些花。
I saw a man walking into the garden.（正在進(jìn)行）
我看到一個(gè)男人正走進(jìn)花園。
(3) 不定式在感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中， to要省掉，而變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)，即作主補(bǔ)時(shí)要加上to。
e.g.
I saw him steal my money. 我看到他偷了我的錢。
He was seen to steal my money.他被看到偷了我的錢。
5. 作狀語時(shí)
(1) 不定式作狀語通常表示目的，結(jié)果，有時(shí)也放在形容詞，過去分詞后作狀語表示原因；動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作狀語則通常表示時(shí)間，原因，條件或伴隨等。
e.g.
I’ve taken some money out of the bank to buy a laptop.
為了買電腦，我已從銀行里取了錢。（目的）
He hurried to the school (only) to find nobody there. (結(jié)果）
他匆忙趕到學(xué)校卻發(fā)現(xiàn)那兒沒人。
I am glad to hear that.聽到那件事我很高興。（原因）
Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those memorable days. (時(shí)間)
看到這些照片，他忍不住想起那些難忘的日子。
Not knowing his address we couldn’t get in touch with her.
不知道他的地址，我們無法和取得聯(lián)系。（原因）
Working hard, you will get what you want. (條件)
努力工作，你會得到你想要的東西。
The baby was lying in bed crying. (伴隨)
那個(gè)嬰兒躺在床上哭著。
(2) 動(dòng)詞的-ing形式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前時(shí)，則要用其完成式，即having+過去分詞。
e.g.
Having solved the problem, they decided to have a party.
解決了問題后，他們決定舉行一個(gè)宴會。
Practice
1. The boy was seen _____ model planes in the classroom.
A. makeB. madeC. makesD. to make
2. We learn a language by making mistakes and _____ them.
A. correctB. correct C. correctingD. to correct
3. The patient was warned _____ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat notB. not eatingC. not to eatD. eat not
4. He decided to give up _______ within two weeks.
A. smokeB. smokedC. to smokeD. smoking
5. Nowadays more and more students look forward to _______ abroad.
A. studiedB. study C. studyingD. be studying
Key for reference
1. D 感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中要把不定式的符號to省掉，但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中要帶上。
2. C 本題中，動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作介詞賓語。注意and連接的動(dòng)詞要在形式上保持一致。
3. C warn sb. not to do 警告某人不要做某事，warn需接不定式作賓補(bǔ)。
4. D give up doing 放棄做某事
5. C look forward to期盼, 注意此短語中的to為介詞，不是不定式的符號，因而其后的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為-ing形式。
V. Language Skills
1. Multiple choice
1. ---I usually go to Dalian by train.
----Why not ______ by ship for a change?
A. trying to goB. to try going C. to try and goD. try going
2 ---Oh, I feel so bored; I have nothing to do.
---Have you finished your homework?
---Oh, I forgot that.
--You always forget_________ your homework. Then why not do it now?
A. to doB. doingC. having doneD. to have done
3. There is ______ what will happen in the future.
A. no knowingB. not knowingC. not knownD. no known
4. I feel very happy ______ a chance to visit your school.
A. to have givenB. to giveC. to be given D. to be giving
5. The book gave a _____ description on Puyi’s early life.
A. liveB. livingC. livelyD. alive
Key for reference
1 D why not后接動(dòng)詞原形，try 接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式表示“試著做某事”，接不定式時(shí)，表示“努力做某事”。
2. A forget to do忘記要做的事；forget doing忘記已做過的事
3. A There is no knowing +wh- 無法知道......
4. C 根據(jù)句意，我應(yīng)當(dāng)是被給機(jī)會，故用不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
5. C 本句意為“這本書生動(dòng)地描述了傅儀的早期生活”。lively活潑的；生動(dòng)的；栩栩如生；強(qiáng)烈的
2. Complete the dialogue
M: _______________1_____________________
W: I like them---especially those by Xu Beihong and Qi Baishi.
M: _______________2______________________
W: ______3______ Sometimes I find it hard for me to understand them.
M: ______4______ Do you like music?
W: Yeah----pop music.
M: What do you think of classical music?
W: I listen to some of it.
M: What about modern Jazz?
W: Modern jazz? __________5___________
A. I can’t stand modern jazz!
B. Do you like paintings by Picasso?
C. Do you enjoy Qi Baishi’s paintings?
D. Very much.
E. What do you think of Chinese paintings?
F. Not too much.
G. What about music?
Key for reference
1. E 2. B 3. F 4. G 5. A
VI. Task Design
Task: Design at least 6 questions on students’ likes and dislikes in arts. Then work in a group
of six. Ask your questions and write down answers.
Question 1: ___________________________________________________________________?
Answer: ______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Question 2. ____________________________________________________________________?
Answer:________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Question 3: ____________________________________________________________________?
Answer:________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Question 4: ____________________________________________________________________?
Answer:________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Question 5: ____________________________________________________________________?
Answer:________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Question 6: ____________________________________________________________________?
Answer:________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
VII. Comprehensive Test
第一卷（兩部分）
第一部分：英語知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）
第一節(jié)：單項(xiàng)填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）
從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
1. The streets are ____ with people. ?
A. live B. lively C. living D. alive ?
2. Many people observed the thief ______ something from the lady’s bag, but no one stop him ____ that.
A. steal; to doB. to steal; doing C. stealing; doD. steal; doing
3. During his stay in China, Tom _______ a great interest in Chinese kungfu.
A. inventedB. developedC. madeD. discovered
4. The students ______ in the exam will be strictly punished in our school.
A. caught cheatingB. catches cheatedC. caught cheatD. catching cheating
5. Have you any difficulty in ______ the problem?
A. to solveB. solvedC. solvingD. for solving
6. You can not _____him _____a selfish man though he looks cold.
A. consider; beB. look on; to beC. think of; with D. consider; \
7. ---What were you doing when I phoned you?
---I had just finished my homework and ______ to take a bath.
A. started B. has startedC. was startingD. had started
8. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _______.
A. sittingB. to sit onC. to sitD. being sat on
9. _________working all day long, he fell asleep as soon as he lay on the bed.
A. Getting tired ofB. Getting tired fromC. To get tried ofD. To get tired from
10. She didn’t feel happy_____ in a block of apartments. She’d rather ______ in a traditional house.
A. living; to liveB. living; liveC. to live; livingD. to live; live
11. John is fond ____ football, while his brother is crazy _____ music.
A. at; forB. of; aboutC. with; atD. for; with
12. _____ in the dark, his head hit against a tree.
A. WalkingB. He was walking
C. WalkedD. When he was walking
13. Our teacher always says I am a ______ student.
A. to promiseB. promiseC. promisedD. promising
14. It’s no use _______ him ______ doing that.
A. to persuade; to stopB. persuading; to stop
C. to persuade; stoppingD. persuading; stopping
15. ----You were brave enough to say no to him.
----Well, I will never regret _____that.
A. to doB. having doneC. to be doingD. to have done
第二節(jié)：完形填空（共20小題；每小題l.5分，滿分30分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從36－55各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
Leonardo da Vinci began painting the Mona Lisa in 1503. He was working 16 a special painting for a church at that time?17 the church painting was not 18 well. An Italian business man asked da Vinci to paint a picture of his second 19 . This is the woman who 20 be seen in the Mona Lisa.
All in all, the Mona Lisa is a very good example of da Vinci’s 21?and it satisfied the husband. da Vinci used 22 and light in a clever 23 in the painting. da Vinci loved science and 24 . Right away a person can see that there is a lot of geometry in the Mona Lisa. The face of the Mona Lisa is made of many circles and 25 shapes like 26 Even her 27 can be seen as a small part of a large circle. The woman in the 28 is sitting on a balcony and 29 can be seen behind her. da Vinci loved to study rocks so these can be seen 30 in his other paintings. The woman is sitting with her knees 31 the side. Her head is turned to look out of the painting. Her hands are 32 together in front of her. This way of 33 is now used by many 34 when 35 . Leonardo da Vinci is a remarkable （非凡的）master.
16. A. up B. in C. on D. about
17. A. but B. thus C. however D. so
18. A. doing B. going C. making D. working
19. A. servant B. daughter C. nurse D. wife
20. A. must B. should C. might D. can
21. A. works B. jobs C. novels D. photos
22. A. heaviness B. black C. darkness D. oils
23. A. way B. picture C. hand D. eye
24. A. chemistry B. maths C. geography D. biology
25. A. square B. round C. long D. egg
26. A. balls B. sticks C. vases D. boxes
27. A. smile B. shout C. cry D. anger
28. A. church B. painting C .sofa D. house
29. A. trees B. buildings C. mountains D. flowers
30. A. by and by B. here and there C. over and over D. up and down
31. A. on B. by C. to D. beyond
32. A. caught B. held C. supported D. hung
33. A. painting B. living C. smiling D. sitting
34. A. women B. actresses C. girls D. models
35. A. they are being painting B. painting
C. being painted D. they have painted
第三部分：閱讀理解（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
COME TO NEWYORK ANDSEE THE WORLD
If you’re looking for the place that has everything, there’s only one place to visit, and that is New York. It’s a whole world in a city.
The World of Theatre: All of New York is a stage. And it begins with Broadway. Where else can you find so many hit shows in one place? Only in New York.
The World of Music: Spend an evening with Beethoven at Lincoln Centre. Swing to the great jazz of Greenwich Village. Or rock yourself silly at the hottest dance spots found anywhere.
The World of Art: From Rembrandt to Picasso. From Egyptian tombs to Indian teepees. Whatever kind of art you like, you will find it in New York.
The World of Fine Dining: Whether it’s roast Beijing duck in Chinatown, lasagna in Little Italy, or the finest French coq au vin found anywhere, there is a world of great taste waiting for you in New York.
The World of Sights: What other city has a Statue of Liberty? A Rockefeller Centre? Or a Bronx Zoo?
36. Which of the following program can a visitor have only in New York?
A. To enjoy roast Beijing duck.
B. To taste the finest French coq au vin.
C. To spend an evening with Beethoven.
D. To see the Statue of Liberty.
37. From the text we know that “Rembrandt” is most likely the name of a famous ______.
A. singer B. painting C. play D. painter
38. What the writer really wanted to do is to _____.
A. try to persuade reader to pay a visit to New York
B. give reader some information about New York
C supply readers with some wonderful program in New York
D. help readers to get a better understanding of New York.
39. The passage above may be taken from ______.
A. a guidebook for foreigners
B. a handbook for English learners
C. a pocketbook for visiting businessmen
D. a storybook for native readers.
B
The small unframed painting called “Fishman” was signed by a little-known Italian artist, Maveleone (1669-1740). When it was sold recently in New York for $ 27,000, the seller, Mr. Oliver Pitt, was asked to explain how the picture had come into his possession. Pitt said, “I didn’t know it was so valuable. I’m not an art expert. Photography is my hobby. I bought ‘Fisherman’ in Italy in 1970 for $140. The picture was dirty, and I could see the artist’s signature. But anyway it wasn’t the picture that I liked. I bought it because of the frame.
“it’s a most unusual frame, made of tiny, silver sea-shells（貝殼）. They are set in such a way that they reflect （反射）perfect light onto the surface of a picture. I now have a photograph of my wife in that frame, and I’ll never part with it.
“When I returned to New York I showed the painting in its frame to a customs officer. I told him that I had paid $140 for it but admitted I didn’t know its actual worth. The customs man valued it at $140, and I was asked to pay duty on that value. I did so, there and then.
“Later, I took off the frame, and that uncovered Maveleone’s signature. My wife suggested in fun that the painting might be a valuable one; so I cleaned it and put it up for sale.”
As a result of this explanation, Oliver Pitt had to appear in court. He was accused （指控） of knowingly making a false statement of the value of a picture so as to cheat the Customs Department.
Pitt was not happy, “I told the truth as I knew then,” he said. “What else could I say?”
And then the judge agreed with him. “The Customs Department is responsible (to blame),” he said, “for making a true valuation of goods brought into the country, so that the correct amount of duty may be charged. Mr. Pitt did not cause or try to cause the mistake that was made. He paid the duty that was demanded. If, now, the Customs Department finds that its valuation was not correct, it cannot be allowed to have another try. Pitt is not guilty(有罪).”
40. When Oliver Pitt bought the picture____
A. it was unframed
B. Maveleone signed the deal
C. he suggested that it was valuable
D. it was the frame the attracted him.
41. Pitt met the customs officer ____where the officer was employed to ____.
A. at the railway station or airport: examine people’s baggage
B. at the airport or port; examine people’s baggage.
C. at the bus stop or port; help people enter the USA.
D. at the airport or port; help people enter The USA.
42. From the passage we can infer that if Maveleon had been a well-known artist____
A. the painting would have cost much more than $ 140
B. he wouldn’t have sold his painting at such a low price.
C. the customs officer would have valued the painting at $140 or less.
D. Pitt wouldn’t have had the intention to buy any of his paintings.
43. Pitt took off the frame in order to____
A. look for the artist’s signature
B. find the painting’s true value
C. use it for his wife’s photograph
D. clean the painting to put it up for sale
44. Which of the following statements is true to the story? In the end____
A. Pitt was asked to pay the correct amount of duty
B. Pitt sold the frame of the painting at an even higher price
C. the Customs Department had no right to revalue the painting.
D. Pitt’s wife was regarded as an expert because of her wise suggestion
C
The modern sailing ship was developed by a man who never went to sea. He was Prince Henry of Portugal, the younger son of the Portuguese King and an English princess.
Prince Henry lived in the fifteenth century. As a boy he became devoted to the sea, and he dedicated himself to improving the design of ships and the methods of sailing them. In 1416, when he was twenty-two, Henry founded a school for mariners, to which he invited everyone who could help him-Jewish astronomers, Italian and Spanish sailors, and Arab mathematicians and map makers who know how to use the crude compass of the day and could improve it.
Henry’s goal was to design and equip vessels that would be capable of making long ocean voyages without having to keep close to the shore. The caravel (多桅小帆船) ， which he helped design, carried more sails and was longer and slimmer than any ship then made, yet was tough enough to stand up against gales at sea. He also developed the carrack (寬身帆船), which was a slower ship, but one that was capable of carrying more cargo.
The world woes credit to Prince Henry for the development of the craft that made oceanic exploration possible. He lives in history as Henry the Navigator.
45. Prince Henry started his school for the purpose of _____________.
A. helping mariners B. improving ship design and sailing methods
C. studying astronomy and mathematics D. improving his own skill as a sailor
46. The teacher in Prince Henry’s school seem to have been __________.
A members of the royal family B. astronomers, sailors and map makers
C. shipbuilders D. All of the above
47. Prince Henry’s goal was to design vessels that could ________________________.
A. make longer deep-sea voyages
B. travel faster than those in use at that time
C. explore the coastline of Portugal
D. carry larger crews and more cargo than existing ones
48. Compared with his caravel, Henry’s carrack was _____________.
A longer and slimmer B. able to carry more sails
C. able to carry more cargo D. shorter
49. Prince Henry’s principal; achievement was that of _______________.
A. making oceanic exploration possible
B. improving the compass
C. founding a school for mariners
D. inventing the clipper ship
D
What’s On
Stage
An acrobatic(雜技) soul: To celebrate its 55th anniversary, the China Acrobatic Troupe will present “The Soul of China”, where the seemingly impossible is made real. Chills (寒戰(zhàn)) will run down your spine (脊柱)as you watch breathlessly as performers take their art and their bodies to the edge.
Time: 7:30 p.m., September 13?19
Place: Capital Theatre, 22 Wangfujing Dajie, Dongcheng District
Exhibitions
Joint show: A group ink painting exhibition is running at the Huangshicheng Art Gallery in Beijing. About 50 works by 25 young artists including GeYun and Yu Yang are on display.
Time: 9 a.m. ?5 p.m. until September 10
Place: Huangshicheng Gallery, 136 Nanchizi Dajie, Dongcheng Distirct
Oil paintings: The Wanfung Art Gallery will host a joint show of oil paintings by 10 young and middle- aged artists. On display are more than 30 of their latest works, which capture (捕捉) he wonderous variety of life in unique (獨(dú)特的) styles.
Time: 9 a.m. ?4 p.m. until September 15
Place: 136 Nanchizi Street, Dongcheng District
Literature (文學(xué)) museum: The National Museum of Modern Chinese Literature offers an in-depth study of the evolution of Chinese contemporary literature from 1919 to 1949.
Time: 9 a.m. ?4p.m., September 13
Place: 45 Anyuan Donglu, Chaoyang District (Shaoyaoju area)
Belgium Orchestra(管弦樂隊(duì)): La Petite Bande, the Baroque Orchestra of Belgium, will perform in Beijing at the Grand Theatre of the Cultural Palace of Nationalities as part of activities across the world to commemorate (紀(jì)念)the 250th anniversary of Bach’s death.
Time: 7:30p.m. September 11?14
Place: Grand Theatre of the Cultural Palace of Nationalities
50. What do you think of the acrobatic show mentioned here?
A.When you watch it, you will certainly feel cold
B.Something strange will puzzle everyone, including scientists.
C.Unexpected things will make you excited and surprised
D. Even the bravest ones will be too frightened to go on watching
51. Suppose it is September 14 today, how many activities can people choose to attend?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
52. On the whole, we can conclude _____________.
A. people in Beijing prefer modern culture to something traditional
B. there are usually more cultural activities in September than in any other month
C. most of the cultural activities in Beijing are for foreign visitors only
D. we can enjoy a large variety of cultural activities in Beijing
E
One of China’s most popular folkarts is papercutting（剪紙）. Archaeological(考古學(xué)的) finds trace the tradition back to the 6th century; it is supposed that the beginnings of papercutting were even a few centuries earlier. Papercuttings are used for religious(宗教的) purposes, for decoration (裝飾)and as patterns(圖案).
Today, papercuttings are mainly used as decoration. They ornament walls, windows, doors, columns mirrors, lamps and lanterns in homes. They are also used for decoration on presents, and are given as presents themselves. They are of special importance at festivals. At the Spring Festival for example, entrances are decorated with papercuttings which are supposed to bring good luck.
Parpercuttings are not produced by machine, but by hand. There are two kinds of paper cuttings; scissor (剪刀) cuttings and knife cuttings. Scissor cuttings are fashioned with scissors. Several pieces of paper--- up to eight pieces---are fastened together. The motif(圖形) is then cut with sharp, pointed scissors.
Knife cuttings are fashioned by putting several layers (層) of paper on a relatively soft foundation consisting of a mixture of tallow (動(dòng)物脂) and ashes. Following a pattern, the artist cuts the motif into the paper with a sharp knife which he usually holds vertically(垂直地. The advantage of knife cuttings is that considerably more papercuttings can be made in one operation than scissor cuttings.
In the countryside, papercuttings are usually made only by women and girls. This used to be one of the skills that every girl was to master and that were often used to judge brides(新娘). Professional papercutting artists are, on the other hand, almost always men who have guaranteed (保證) incomes and work together in workshops.
53. Papercuttings can be used for ______________.
A. decoration B. decoration on presents C. presents D. all of the above
54 The underlined word ornament means ______________.
A. to be added to and make something beautiful B. to be used as
C. to be cut in D. to be made on
55. Which is the best title of this passage?
A. The ways of papercutting B. The reasons for papercutting
C. The purposes of papercutting D. Papercutting
第二卷(共35分)?
第四部分：寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分35分)?
第一節(jié)：短文改錯(cuò)(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)?
此題要求改正所給短文中的錯(cuò)誤。對標(biāo)有題號的每一行作出判斷：如無錯(cuò)誤，在該行右邊
橫線上畫一個(gè)勾(√)；如有錯(cuò)誤(每行只有一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤)，則按下列情況改正：
該行多一個(gè)詞：把多余的詞用斜線(＼)劃掉，在該行右邊橫線上寫出該詞，并也用斜線(＼)劃掉。
該行缺一個(gè)詞：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏詞符號(∧)，在該行右邊橫線上寫出該加的詞。
該行錯(cuò)一個(gè)詞：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，在該行右邊橫線上寫出改正后的詞。
注意：原行沒有錯(cuò)的不要改。?
Kites are invented in China 200 years ago. The earlier 56. _ _______
kites were made from wood, which were expensive. Kite flying 57. _ _______
began to spread between the ordinary people only after paper 58. _ _______
was invented and then kite making cost little. 59. _ _______
Weifang City is birthplace of the kites. Now kite 60. _ _______
flying is more and more popular here. Every spring 61. _ _______
people all over the world come to take part in the 62. _ _______
International Kite Festival. They would see beautiful 63. _ _______
kites fly in the sky. I believe you will enjoy themselves 64. _ _______
here. I hope you’ll go to the Festival every year. 65. _ _______
often if we want to win the game.
第二節(jié) 書面表達(dá)(滿分25分)
根據(jù)下列要點(diǎn)，寫一篇介紹齊白石的短文。
1. 齊白石（1864--1957）是我國最偉大的畫家之一。
2. 湖南湘潭人。家境貧困，世代務(wù)農(nóng)，僅在１２歲前隨外祖父讀過一段私塾。年青時(shí)作過木匠。
3. 在1902-1909年之間游歷祖國各地， 畫了很多山水畫。
3. 后來他的興趣轉(zhuǎn)向畫日常生活中的簡單事物，如蔬菜，花鳥，昆蟲等。
4. 《白菜》是他的一幅著名作品。畫上，在大白菜旁邊的小昆蟲兩眼盯著白菜，顯出對白菜極大的興趣。
5. 齊白石的畫常常給觀眾留下想象的空間。
提示：木匠carver; 昆蟲 insect; 白菜 cabbage
1-5: DDBAC 6-10: DCBBB 11-15: BDDDB
16-20. CABDC 21-25. ACABB 26-30. AABCC 31-35. CBDDC
36-40. DDAAD 41-45. BACCB 46-50. BACAC 51-55. BD DAD
56. are → were 57. from → of 58. between → among 59. little → less
60. 將kites前的the去掉61. √62. 在all前加from63. would. → will64. themselves → yourselves
65. go → come
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