2012屆高考英語一輪單元總復習講義精品薈萃外研版必修四odule 1
知識詳解
1 alternative adj. 替換的；供選擇的
n． 可供選擇的事物
(回歸本P2)alternative energy 可替代能
歸納總結
例句探
①Try to arrange play dates for the children as an alternative to TV viewing.
設法給孩子們安排做游戲的時間，代替看電視。
②(牛津P56)Do you have an alternative solution?
你有沒有別的解決辦法？
③(朗P57)I had no alternative but to report him to the police.除了向警察舉報他，我別無選擇。
④As natural resources are limited on earth，we will have to use alternative energy.
由于地球上的自然資是有限的，我們將必須運用可替代性能。
即境活用
1．(高考湖北卷)As there is less and less coal and oil，scientists are exploring neays of making use of________energy，such as sunlight，wind and water for power and fuel.
A．primary B．alternative
C．instant D．unique
解析：選B。句意是：由于煤和石油越越少，科學家正在開發(fā)新的利用可替代能的方法，比如利用陽光、風和水發(fā)電和做燃料。根據句意可知此處要用alternative表示“可替代的”。primary主要的；instant立即的；unique獨特的。
2.(南京市屆高三上學期期末)The new airport is built close to the freeway，and it is________by Bus No.2.
A．accessible B．available
C．alternative D．abundant
解析：選A�？疾樾稳菰~辨析。句意“新機場建的離高速公路很近，并且乘二路公共汽車可以到達�！盿ccessible“能接近的；可進入的”；available“有空的，有用的”；alternative“可替代的”；abundant“大量的；豐富的”。
2 attach vt. 系，貼，附上；連接，參加；使附屬，使隸屬
(回歸本P2)Senior citizens and people with disabilities will be able to go anywhere in the world using hightech cameras attached to their head.
通過系在頭上的高科技照相機，行動不便的老年人和身體有殘疾的人都能周游世界。
歸納總結
例句探
①Attach a recent photograph to your application form.
申請表上請貼一張近照。
②A printer was attached to the computer.
一臺打印機連在電腦上。
③This middle school is attached to a teachers’ college.
這所中學附屬于一所師范院校。
④People attached too much importance to economic forecasts.
人們把經濟預測看得過于重要。
即境活用
3.Dr. Carlos was ________to painting，so he was determined to take it up after he retired.
A．attached B．devoted
C．absorbed D．related
解析：選A。be attached to sth.“依戀，愛戀”。
4．(高考江西卷)Parents________much importance to education.They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.
A．attach B．pay
C．link D．apply
解析：選A。句意：父母認為教育很重要。他們會盡全力給他們的孩子那份無價的禮物。本題考查動詞短語搭配。attach much importance to...認為……很重要；link...to...把……與……聯(lián)系起；apply...to運用，應用
3 charge vt. 收費，要價；控告；給……充電
n． 費用；指責；控告；責任
(回歸本P2)All forms of recreation，such as cinemas，bowling，softball，concerts and others，will be provided free of charge by the city.
所有的娛樂形式，如電影院、保齡球、壘球、音樂會和其他的都由該市政府免費提供。
歸納總結
例句探
①He charged me 1.5 yuan for mending the watch.
他要我付了一元五角修表費。
②Your order will be delivered free of charge within a tenmile limit.
在10英里范圍之內，您的定貨將免費送貨上門。
③(牛津P320)He was charged with murder.
他被指控犯有謀殺罪。
④A majority of working women remain in full charge of their homes.
大多數有了工作的婦女的家庭仍然完全由她們照管。
⑤He is charging a car battery.
他正在給汽車的電池充電。
即境活用
5．(湖北黃岡中學模擬)Urban crowdedness would be greatly relieved if fares________on public transport were more reasonable.
A．offered B．spent
C．paid D．charged
解析：選D。動詞辨析。charged on public transport是過去分詞短語做后置定語。句意是：針對公共交通收取的費用合理就能緩解城區(qū)的擁堵。
6.One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living________.
A．bills B．expenses
C．prices D．charges
解析：選B。句意為“一個月1,000美元不是一筆財富，但是能幫助我支付我的生活費用”。A項意為“賬單”；B項意為“花費，費用”，指的是各種可能的“開支，消費，收費”；C項意為“價格”；D項意為“索價，要價”。根據句意答案應選B。
4 command n． 命令；指令；掌握；司令部
vt.& vi. 命令，指揮控制，支配；博得；俯瞰
(回歸本P2)In the future all shopping will be done online，and catalogues will have voice commands to place orders.
將所有的購物將會在網上進行，商品目錄將會有語音指令排序。
歸納總結
例句探
①The army is under the king’s command.
軍隊由國王直接統(tǒng)率。
②The general commanded his men to attack the city.
將軍下令他的部下攻城。
③y boss commanded that I (should) get there at once.
老板命令我立即去那里。
④The fire officer took command，ordering everyone to leave the building.
消防員開始指揮大家離開大樓。
即境活用
7．If you have a good________of English，you’ll get a wellpaid job very easily.
A．control B．improvement C．command D．demand
解析：選C。句意：如果你精通英語，就會很容易地找到一份高薪工作。此處用have a good command of表示“精通”。control控制；improvement改善；demand需要，均不符合題意。
8.Captain Cook commanded that all the goods________into the sea.
A．should throw B．be thrown C．threw D．should thrown
解析：選B。command后跟賓語從句應用虛擬語氣，再根據goods和throw之間應是被動關系，should又可省略，所以選be thrown。
5 for sure 肯定地，確實
(回歸本P2)No one knows for sure，and making predictions is a risky business.
沒有人確切地了解，預測也是一很冒險的事。
歸納總結
例句探
①He will be here for sure within an hour.
他一小時之內肯定能到這兒。
②(牛津P2032)ake sure (that) no one finds out about this.
絕對不要讓任何人發(fā)覺這事。
③You can be sure of one thing—there’ll be a lot of laughs.
你有一點可以肯定——將會笑聲不斷。
④Be sure to ring and let us know you’ve got back safely.
一定要個電話，讓我們知道你已經平安返回。
即境活用
9．any of the students are________that they will pass the college entrance examination.
A．surely B．sure C．able D．certainly
解析：選B。be sure that...“對……有把握”。
10.It is________that he will come on time.
A．certainly B．surely C．certain D．sure
解析：選C。sure的主語一般是表示“人”的詞，而certain 的主語既可以是“人”，也可以是“物”。
6 run out 用光，耗盡；暫時離開
(回歸本P2)In the future，care for the environment will become very important as earth’s natural resources run out.
將，愛護環(huán)境將會很重要，因為地球的資將瀕臨枯竭。
歸納總結
例句探
①He is always running out of money before payday.
他老是發(fā)工資的日子還沒到就把錢花完了。
②We shall run out of town for the weekend.
我們將暫時離開城里去度周末。
③We are running out of our supplies soon.
我們的供給很快就耗盡了。
易混辨析
run out(of)，give out，use up
這三個短語都有“用光，用盡”的含義。
(1)run out是不及物動詞短語，后面不能跟賓語，run out of是及物動詞短語，其后可以跟賓語。
(2)give out含有“耗盡，筋疲力盡”之意，是不及物動詞短語。
(3)use up意為“用完，耗盡”，是及物動詞短語，常用人作主語。
①Could I have a cigarette？I seem to have run out of them.
②Scientists predict that the world’s oil supply will soon give out/run out.
③He has used up all his energy.
即境活用
11.—I’m still working on my project.
—Oh，you’ll miss the deadline.Time is________.
A．running out B．going out C．giving out D．losing out
解析：選A。run out(時間、金錢等的)耗盡；give out意為“精疲力竭”，由句意可知A項正確。
12．(江蘇南通第三次模擬)en will________all the natural resources if they continue consuming them like that.
A．run out B．wipe out C．drop out D．hold out
解析：選B。動詞短語wipe out“消除；清除”。run out是不及物動詞短語，這里有賓語all the natural resources，故不能使用。
句型梳理
1【教材原句】 I’m too busy enjoying my life now to worry about the future！(P8)
我現(xiàn)在忙于享受生活而無暇擔憂未。
【句法分析】 (1)too...to do sth.“太……而不能做某事”是一個表示否定意義的句型。
(2)某些形容詞與too...to...句型連用時，too(＝very)表示肯定的意義。這些形容詞多為表示情感的詞，如glad，pleased，surprised，delighted，happy，easy，willing，ready，eager，anxious等。
(3)如在too前加上only，but，all，simply或just時，“too...to”結構表示肯定意義，此時too帶有贊賞的感情色彩。
(4)“too...to...”結構和never，not等否定副詞連用時，表示肯定意義，意為“無論……也不過分，越……越好”。
①You are too young to understand such things.
你太年輕了，不懂得這些事情。
②The problem is too difficult for me to work out.
這道題太難了，我做不出。
③He is too willing to follow others’ advice.
他極愿意接受別人的意見。
④She will be only too pleased to help you.
她會很樂意幫助你的。
⑤It’s never too late to learn.
活到老，學到老。
即境活用
13．完成句子
①They reached the railway station ________________the train.
他們到火車站太晚了，沒趕上火車。
答案：too late to catch
②He was ________________the result of his examination.他急于想知道考試的結果。
答案：too anxious to know
2 【教材原句】 Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no matter where they live.(P2)
每個人在出生時都會領到一個電話號碼，無論他們生活在什么地方，這個號碼都不會改變。
【句法分析】 (1)“no matter＋疑問詞．..”引導讓步狀語從句，意為“不管，無論……”，可與“疑問詞ever”引導的讓步狀語從句互換。
①No matter how hard he tried，he couldn’t get her to change her mind.
不管他怎樣努力，也沒能使她改變主意。
②y parents always waited up for me，no matter what time I got home.
無論我什么時候回家，父母總是(不去睡覺)等著我。
(2)where/when/how＋ever 只引導讓步狀語從句，所以完全等同于no matter＋where/when/how，而who/whom/what/which＋ever除引導讓步狀語從句外還可引導名詞性從句。引導名詞性從句時，who/whom/what/which＋ever不能轉換為no matter＋who/whom/what/which。這時的whatever意為“所有的一切人和事”，相當于anything that；whoever意為“任何……的人”，相當于anyone who；whichever意為“……的那個人或事物”，相當于the person or the thing that。
③No matter what(whatever)happened，he would not mind.
無論發(fā)生什么，他都不會介意。
④No matter where (wherever) you go，you will find many kind people who want to help others.
無論你去哪兒，你都會發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多樂意幫助別人的好心人。
⑤Whoever wants to visit the museum，he must ask our teacher for permission.
無論誰想去參觀博物館，都需經我們老師同意。(此句中whoever可改為no matter who。)
⑥Whoever wants to visit the museum must ask our teacher for permission.(此句中whoever引導主語從句，不可用no matter who替換。)
即境活用
14．________hungry I am，I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.
A．Whatever B．Whenever C．Wherever D．However
解析：選D。句意：無論我多餓，看我都吃不了那大片面包。A項無論什么事，常與名詞連用或引導名詞性從句；B項無論什么時候；C項無論在哪；D項無論多么或怎樣，常與形容詞或副詞連用，故選D。
15.________well prepared you are，you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.
A．However B．Whatever C．No matter D．Although
解析：選A。句意：無論你做的準備多么充分，在爬時，你仍會需要很多運氣。however well prepared you are＝no matter hoell prepared you are，引導讓步狀語從句。
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